高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结-排版-(20915) 3页

-虚拟语气在非真实条件句中从句主句与现在事If+主语+助动词的过去主语+实相反的should/would/could/might+式（were,did,had）假设动词原形与过去事主语+实相反的If+主语+had+过去分词should/would/could/might假设+have+过去分词①If+主语+动词过去式与将来事②If+主语+wereto+动词原主语+实相反的形should/would/could/might+假设③If+主语+should+动词原动词原形形(注意不能是would)例句IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.----①错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.②if省略句在条件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。③用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)如果你有100万元，你会做什么？Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadnyourhelp)’tgot没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,⋯=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,⋯=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,⋯没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。④含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副词)--- -Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定语从句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(连词)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(独立主格结构)⑤evenif,eventhough也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。虚拟语气(2)——虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常见的这类动词有:ask要求,advise,beg,suggest建议,command命令,demand要求，request请求,insist,Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetherequire要求,order下令,propose,advice,classroom.老师建议我们不要离开教室。recommend,intend,prefer宁愿,permit,persuade,Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他坚持她马上expect,decide决定,instruct,object,determine,urge,就做。appoint等等----在Itis/was+上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时2.在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative等在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that从句中虚拟语气(3)——虚拟语气的其他用法ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.医生建议我戒烟。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.我建议我们明早动身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoffItisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要参加会议。Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必须按时到达那儿。Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.----IwishIwerealittleyounger.我希望我能够对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时年轻一点。在wish后面IwishIhadbeenthere.我真希望我当时在对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完的宾语从句成时那里。(haddone)或“would/could+现在完成中时”IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.“would/could+动词原形”Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(对将来的虚拟)但愿雨能停。表示“但愿”，“要是⋯⋯就好了”用法和在ifonly感叹IfonlyIweretaller.(对现在的虚拟)我的个wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈句中子要是能高一点就好了。的感情色彩。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!(对过去的虚拟)要是我听从了你的建议就好了！--- -表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时在asif/asthough引导的表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时从句中有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性Ireallydonke’theliwayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.我真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起来就好像是我爸爸。Hekepttellinguswhathadhappenedasifhehadbeentherehimself.他不停地和我们讲发生的事情，好像他当时在场一样。Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.天变黑了，似乎就要下雨了。ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.他好像去过美国。----在wouldrather结构中在Itis(about,high)time+(that)从句中练习题wouldratherdosth.表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”wouldratherhavedonesth.表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”wouldrathersb.Did表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事”wouldrathersb.haddone表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.我想明天去那里。Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.他今晚不想在家呆着。Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。Don’tcometomorrow.I’ratherdyoucamenextweekend.明天就别来了，我希望你下周末过来。Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。Itishightimethatwebegantowork.咱们应该开始干活了。----1.Ifmylawyer＿＿＿herelastSaturday,he＿＿＿mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented2.Ifit＿＿＿forthesnow,we＿＿＿themountainyesterday.A.werenot,couldhaveclimbedB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen,couldclimb3.Withoutelectricity(电)humanlife＿＿＿quitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting,ifshe＿＿＿,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome5.Whenthepencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken6.Hehesitated(犹豫)foramomentbeforekicking(踢)theball.Otherwisehe＿＿＿agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored---