高中英语语法专题复习教案大全(15个教案) 语法练习全集(含答案讲解)(整理版) 159页

高中英语语法专题复习教案大全(15个教案)语法复习专题一——名词一、考点聚焦1.可数名词单、复数变化形式（1）规则变化。①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy—boys,pen—pens。②以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass—glasses,box—boxes,watch—watches,brush—brushes。特例：stomach—stomachs。③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如：baby—babies,lady—ladies,fly—flies。④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。如：radio—radios,zoo—zoos,photo—photos,piano—pianos,kilo—kilos,tobacco—tobaccos。⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife—wives,life—lives,knife—knives,wolf—wolves,self—selves,leaf—leaves等。特例：handkerchief—handkerchiefs,roof—roofs,chief—chiefs,gulf—gulfs,belief—beliefs,cliff—cliffs。⑥改变元音字母的。如：man—men,mouse—mice,foot—feet,woman—women,tooth—teeth,goose—geese,ox—oxen。特例：child—children。⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair—armchairs,bookcase—bookcases,bookstore—bookstores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：mandoctor—mendoctors,womandriver—womendrivers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law—brothers-in-law,passer-by—passers-by。⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero—zeros、zeroes,deer—deers、deer。penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(-159- 便士的枚数)。（2）不规则变化。①单、复数同形。如：means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works（工厂）,cattle。②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend—boy-friends,go-between—go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up—grown-ups。③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富,surroundings环境，ashes灰尘,compasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，havewordswithsb.同某人吵架，inhighspirits以很高热情地，giveone’sregardstosb.向某人问侯，inrags衣衫破烂，Itisgoodmannerstodosth.有礼貌做某事。④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people,cattle,police;有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery,furniture,mankind,jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：Thecrewislarge.船员人数很多（指整体）；Thecrewarealltired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。2、不可数名词的数（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）insurprise惊讶地asurprise一件令人惊讶的事winsuccess获得成功asuccess一个(件)成功的人(事)winhonor赢得荣誉anhonor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)Failure(失败)isthemotherofsuccessafailure失败者失败是成功之母。byexperience靠经验anexperience一次经历youth青春ayouth一个青年人havepityonsb.怜悯某人apity可惜的事情withpleasure乐意apleasure乐事②抽象名词与a(an)-159- 连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim,bath,talk)withme?Itiswasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：①物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如：somecoffee一些咖啡，acoffee一杯咖啡，threecoffees三杯咖啡，somedrink一些饮料,adrink一杯饮料，threedrinks三杯饮料，hishair他的头发，afewgreyhairs几根白发，glass玻璃，aglass一只玻璃杯。②物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。havebreakfastTheroadiscoveredwithsnow.haveawonderfulbreakfastTheyhaveaheavysnoweveryyear.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Wehadawonderfultimelastnight.(3)有复数形式的不可数名词①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：Useyourbrains,please.Theyhavesmoothedawaythedifficulties.Haveyoumadepreparationsfortomorrow’smeeting?Manythanksforyourkindness.Nopains,nogains.Aftermanyfailures,theyfinallysucceeded.②有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：Theboyburstintotearsatthebadnews.Therisingwatersdidalotofharmtothecrops.Thestonebridgebrokedowninheavyrains.3.名词所有格（1）“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有：①用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：today’s-159- newspaper,fiveminutes’walk(drive),fivepounds’weight,tendollars’worthofcoffee。②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：theearth’splanet,theword’spopulation,China’sindustry,NewYork’sparks。（2）“of”所有格的特殊表示方式有：①表示“部分”时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：SomestudentsofMisterZhang’shavegonetocollege.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。②表示“其中之一，其中一部分”的意思时，用：afriendofTom’s汤姆的一个朋友（许多朋友中的一位）。③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用：that/this/these/those+名词（单、复数）ofMary’s/yours/his/hers。如：Thatinventionofhersbelongstotheworld.她的那项发明是属于全世界的（表赞赏）。4、名词作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。（1）分类意义。airpollution空气污染boyfriend 男朋友coffeecup咖啡杯incometax所得税tennisball网球songwriter歌曲作家bodylanguage身体语言roadaccident交通事故NobelPrize诺贝尔奖（2）时间、地点、称呼等。DoctorJack杰克医生ProfessorLi李教授eveningschool夜校wintersleep冬眠streetdance街舞countrymusic乡村音乐villagepeople村民schooleducation学校教育Chinaproblem中国问题（3）表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。receptiondesk接待台sportsfield田径场stonetable石桌colorTV彩电-159- weatherreport天气预报二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis___________itisascience.(NMET2001)A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas解析：答案为D。当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成下列结构，如：Whatanicebook!Thisistooheavyaboxformetocarry.HeisnotashonestaboyasMike.等，应采取too/how+形容词（副词）+a(an)+名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构，并加以分析。2.Thepoliceareofferinga__________toanyonewhocangiveinformationaboutthelostkey.（NMET1999）A.priceB.prizeC.rewardD.money解析：答案为C。price价格，价钱；prize奖金。Ｄ项是钱，属不可数名词，题中所要填的是“酬金，报酬”。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的基础，在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等，才能更好辨析名词，从而选择最符合句意的选项。3.You’llfindthismapofgreat_____________inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.（NMET1998）A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness解析：答案为C。本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及“beof+抽象名词”结构。Price(价格)，cost（价钱，费用，成本）不符合题意，value作“qualityofbeingusefulordesirable”解时，常与of搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为“有用，有价值”。故选择value。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达，题中“of+抽象名词”相当于该名词的形容词形式。4.Ifyoubuymorethanten,theyknock20penceoff.A.apriceB.priceC.thepriceD.price解析：答案为C。本题考冠词和名词。全句合理句意应是：如果你买超过10个，他们从（现在标出的）价格上减价20便士。此处价格是特指的定价，所以C项最佳。5.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemoths,thesailingtimewas226days.-159- A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich解析：答案为B。辨析名词语义,adistanceof+数字“……距离”。6.Ikeepmedicinesonthetopshelf,outofthechildren’s.A.reachB.handC.holdD.place解析：答案为A。“outofreach”是“超出某人够得着的范围”，即“够不着”的意思，药品应放到孩子够不到的地方。语法复习专题二——冠词一、考点聚焦1.不用冠词的情况（1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。China,America,SmithAirismatter.（2）可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。Thisdictionaryismine.（3）季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。March,MayDay,NationalDay,Children’sDay,Women’sDayHaveyouhadsupper?Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.（4）称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。What’sthis,Father?Wemadehimourchairman.Asknursetoputthechildtobed.ProfessorLi.（5）学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。Doyoustudyphysics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess.（6）复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。Theyarepeasants/workers.（7）在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。-159- bycar,bybus,bybike,bytrain,byair/water/land但：takeabus,comeinaboat,onthetrain/bus需注意。（8）某些固定词组中不用冠词。①名词词组中：husbandandwife,brotherandsister,bodyandsoul,dayandnight,knifeandfork②介词词组中：to(at,from)school,in(to)class,in(to,at,from)university（college）,to（in,into,from）church,to(in,into,outof)prison(hospital,bed),to(at,from,outof)work,to(in,from)town,at(from)home,to(at)sea,atnight(noon,midnight),bycar(bus,bicycle,plane),onfoot注意：在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。inhospital住院（因病）inthehospital在医院（工作、参观等）infrontof在前面，指某物体之外inthefrontof在前部，指某物之内incharge负责，主管outofquestion没问题inthecharge由……负责outofthequestion不可能（9）as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench.（10）系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter.=Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter.（11）在单数名词+after+同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。Shedidexperimentafterexperiment.类似的还有：shopaftershop,mistakeaftermistake（12）形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。①“most+形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。Oh,it’smostbeautiful.②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。-159- Sheisthetallestandfattestgirlinourschool.③当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。Themarketinthecountryisbusiestinwinter.④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。Awolfinasheep’sskinisourmostdangerousenemy.⑤序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第……”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。…whyyoutookasecondarrow注意：下句中“afirst”表示“第一名、冠军”。Heisatopstudentinourclass;heoftengetsafirstinmaths.（13）no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage.（14）never、ever置于作主语的名词前，这些名词前不用冠词。Neverdidstudentstudysohard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。（15）有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。Conferenceopens.会议召开了。2.定冠词的使用情况（1）使用定冠词的一般情况。①特指或第二次提到。②序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。③用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。（2）定冠词使用特殊的场合。①Hehithimintheface.beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,patsb.onthehead②therich,thepoor,thewounded富人，穷人，伤员③theelderofthetwo,hemorebeautifulofthetwo两者中较年长的一位，较漂亮的一个④Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。⑤Hegotpaidbythehour.他是按小时付工钱的。bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/theyear…-159- 但：byweight按重量⑥inthe50s/inthe1870s（表示年代）⑦theSmiths/theWhites（表示一家人或夫妇俩）⑧inthewater/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain⑨tellthetruth/ontheotherhand/onthewayhome⑩当抽象名词表示某一特定内容，特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时，它与定冠词连用：Sheisfondofmusic.HeisplayingthemusicwrittenbyBeethoven.Goodadviceisbeyondprice.I’msorrynottohavetakentheadvicehegave.3.不定冠词常用的几种情况（1）表示“一”相当于“one”。I’llreturninadayortwo.（2）表示“每”相当于“per”。Wehavethreemealsaday.（3）表示“同一性”相当于“thesame”。Thechildrenareofanage.（4）表示类指，表示“某类”。Hewantstoheadoctor.（5）表示泛指，相当于“any”。Ahorseisausefulanimal.（6）表示某一个，相当于“acertain”。AMr.Smithisaskingtoseeyou.（7）与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”，如：apleasure一件乐事，asurprise一件令人惊讶的事，ajoy一件高兴的事，apity一件遗憾的事，anhonour一个（件）经以为荣的人(事)。（8）与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。Whataheavyrain!Whatagoodsupper!Pleasegivemeablackcoffee!4.冠词表类别的常见方式（1）定冠词+单数可数名词，表示一个，代表一类。Thecomputerwasinventedin1945.TheTVsetwasinventedbyJoanBaird.Thehorseisausefulanimal.-159- （2）不定冠词+单数可数名词（表示任意一个，某一个）。Apenisatoolforwriting.Asquarehasfoursides.Ahorseisausefulanimal.注意：man,woman表示泛指时，不用冠词，且常用单数。如：Manisfightingabattleagainstpollution.Mantriestobetheprotectorofwoman.（3）可数名词或不可数名词，指类别（考虑到同类中的各个情况）。Horsesareusefulanimals.Riceisakindoffood.5.冠词位置问题（1）不定冠词+副词+形容词+名词。Thisisaveryinterestingstory.（2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather+不定冠词+形容词+名词。I’veneverseensuchafilm!Halfapoundofpork,please!Whatagoodideaitis!（3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Ican’tfinishthetaskinsoshortatime.Thisseemsnottoolongadistance.Wewonderhowdifficultaproblemheworkedout.Howeverlowtepriceyoupaid,youwasteyourmoney.Heisbraveenoughahuntertokillthebear.（4）定冠词位置。①half、twice、threetimes+the+名词Hepaidtwicethepriceforit.Theirhouseisthreetimesthesizeofyours.②all、both、double+the+名词Boththeblindmenweremistaken.-159- Allthestudentsinourclassareeagertoknowthesecret.Iofferedhimdoubletheamount,buthestillrefused.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Thewarmthof______sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof____woolused.（NMET2001）A．The;theB．the;/C．/;theD．/;/解析：答案为B。第一空格为特指，交待thewarmth的内容，第二空格为泛指，thesortofwoolused所用羊毛的种类。此题有三点需注意：①正确理解sweater这一句词在句中的类别。②掌握determine在句中作“决定”、“取决于”这个意思。③掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法。2.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith_________animalsof___________differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.（NMET2000）A．the…aB．/…aC．the…theD．/…the解析：答案为B。名词复数表类别，其前不用冠词，故第一个空格不填冠词，表不定概念的“一种”，“某种”要用不定冠词a。要准确掌握冠词表类别的三种表达方式和不定冠词常用的几种情况，见前面要点考点聚焦内容。3.Papermoneywasin___________useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin__________thirteenthcentury.（NMET1999）A．the…/B．the…theC．/…theD．/…/解析：答案为C。题中inuse是固定搭配，意为“在使用”，use为抽象名词，其前不用冠词。后者是序数词前用定冠词the。要牢记一些固定搭配如inuse、underconstruction（在建设中）、indebt（欠债）、cometopower（执政）、onfire（着火）、attable（用餐）、outofwork（失业）等。4.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttimedon’tgotohotel;Icanfindyoubedinmyflat.A.the;aB.the;不填C.a;theD.a;不填解析：答案为C。考定语从句。主句部分应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.从句补全为独立句子就是mystudentsactedintheplay.所以应选inwhich，其余介词不妥。5.—John,thereisMr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.-159- —I’minbath.A.a;theB.the;aC.a;不填D.the;不填解析：答案为A。本题考查冠词用法。a+姓名，表示“一个叫……的人”；inthebath在浴室。6.Tomownslargercollectionofbooksthananyotherstudentinourclass.A.the;不填B.a;不填C.a;theD.不填;the解析：答案为B。考冠词，collection是可数名词，须填冠词，被比较级修饰，但是大范围的比较，故填不定冠词，后一空是泛指的表类别的书，且已用了复数，不填冠词。故选B。语法复习专题三——代词一、考点聚焦代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。1、人称代词（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下4中情况：①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。—DoesanyofyouknowwhereTomlives?—Me.What!Me(to)playhimatchess?No!②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。Thethiefwasthoughttobehe.(thethief是主格，故用he代替)Theytookmetobeher.他们误以为我是她。（me是宾格，故用her替代）③作表语人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。Imetherinthehospital.→ItwasherwhoImetinthehospital.④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：Heistallerthanme(I).但在下列句中有区别。-159- IlikeJackasmuchasher.=IlikebothJackandher.IlikeJackasmuchasshe.=IlikeJackandshelikeshim,too.(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一（人称）。宾格me也一样。You,sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.Mr.ZhangaskedLiHuaandmetohelphim.②第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。Heandshestilldon’tagreetotheplan.(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。①we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。②she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The“Titanic”wasthelargest,wasn’tshe?2.物主代词（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。（2）one’sown…=...ofone’sown句式的转换。（3）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。如：takesb.bythearm,bewoundedintheleg.3.反身代词（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。enjoyoneself,feeloneself,makeoneselfathome,makeoneselfunderstood（3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。foroneself为自己或独立地，ofoneself自然地，自动地byoneself独自地，inoneself本身性质，besideoneself喜怒哀愁至极Thisproblemgetsachaptertoitself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。Justbetweenourselves,Idon’tthinkmuchofhim.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。Theywerediscussingaboutitamongthemselves.（相互共同）Lefttohimselfhebegantowrite.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。I’mveryangrywithmyself.生自己的气。4.相互代词（eachother,oneanother）-159- 相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为eachother’s、oneanother’s,作定语。一般来说，eachother指两者之间，oneanother指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。5.指示代词（this,that,these,those,such,same）指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。（1）指示代词this和that的区别。①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。Thisismydeskandthatisyours.Inthosedaystheycouldnotgotoschool.②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。Iwanttotellyouthis:theEnglishpartywillbeheldonSaturdayafternoon.Hehurthislegyesterday.That’swhyhedidn’tcome.③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofNanjing.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofafox.④this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。（2）such和same的用法。①such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。Suchwasthestory.Wehaveneverseensuchatallbuilding.②same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the.Thesamecanbesaidoftheotherarticle.另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）Whetherhecandoitornot,itisallthesametome.他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。（表语）-159- 6、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose）疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。（1）who/what①询问姓名或关系。——Whoishe?——Heismybrother./HeisHenry.询问职业或地位。——Whatishe？——Heisalawyer/teacher.②What/who作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。Whatis/areonthetable?Whois/areinthelibrary?(2)which与who、whatwhich表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。Ifoundtwobooksonthedesk.Whichisyours?7.连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that.关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。8、不定代词不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。（1）some与any一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。HehassomeChinesepaintings.(定语)Somelikesports,otherslikemusic.(主语)Askmeifyouhaveanyquestions.(定语)-159- Doyouhaveanyquestionstoask?(定语)Idon’tknowanyofthestudents.（宾语）特殊用法：①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Anychildcandothat.（定语）Youmaytakeanyofthem.（宾语）②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。SmithwenttosomeplaceinEngland.（定语）③在期待对方回答yes时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?（邀请）Mum,couldyougivemesomemoney?(请求)④some用于否定句表示部分否定。Idon’tknowsomeofthestudents.（宾语）some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：Therearesome300workersonstrike.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?(2)One,both,all①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是one’s，反身代词是oneself.Oneshouldtryone’sbesttoservethepeople.(主语、定语)ThisisnottheoneIwant.(表语)one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如：Thesebooksaremoreinterestingthanthoseones.Herearethreepens.Whichoneisyours,thisoneorthatoneortheoneinthepencil-box?②both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。Thismathsproblemcanbeworkedoutinbothways.(定语)Bothoftheboysarehere.(主语)Webotharestudents.(同位语)-159- 注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Bothofusarenotteachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neitherofusisateacher.我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而应放在它们的前面。如：Bothmyparentslikethisfilm.Boththe/theseboysaretall.③all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。Hegavemeallthemoney.他把全部的钱给了我。Alltheschoolsareflooded.所有的学校都被淹了。Itoldhimallaboutit.我把一切都告诉了他。That’sallfortoday.今天就在这儿。TheyhaveallbeentoXi’an.他们都去过西安。注意：all用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：Notalltheantsgooutforfood.(or:Alltheantsdon’tgooutforfood.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。Noneofthemoneyismine.这钱一分也不是我的。（3）many和muchmany和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。（4）few,little;afew,alittlefew和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而afew和alittle表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、afew修饰可数名词；little、alittle修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。（5）no和noneno=notany,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，noone只能指人。-159- （6）each和everyeach（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。Everystudentitourclasshasadictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)Eachstudentinourclasshasadictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）Eachofthemhasbeenthere.（主语）Theteachergaveeachofthestudentsanewtextbook.（宾语）Weeachgotaticket.（同位语）（7）either和neithereither是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：Herearetwopens.Youmaytakeeitherofthem.(宾语)NeitherboyknowsFrench.(定语)注意：①either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。Hedoesn’liketea,andIdon’teither.（状语）②either与or构成连词，意为“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。HeiseitherJapaneseorChinese.③neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“not…either”。Hecan’tdoit,neithercanI.④neither可与nor构成连词，意为“既不……也不”。Neitherhenoryouareastudent.（8）other和another,theothers和otherstheother表示“两者中的另一个”；“theother+复数可数名词”表示“其余（他）的……”；theothers表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other+复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：Hegottwobooks;oneistextbook,theotherisanovel.Fiveofthepencilsarered,theothers(theotherpens)areyellow.Somearesinging,othersaredancing.another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。Thiscoatistoodark.Pleaseshowmeanother.(宾语)Pleasegivemeanotherbook.（定语）注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Pleasegivemeanotherten-159- minutes.one…another(asecond)…athird…theother…意为“一个……一个……一个……一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some…others…others…，意为“一些……一些……一些”。二、精典名题导解选择填空1.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut__________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.(NMET2001)A.theyB.itC.oneD.which解析：答案为B。分析题意可知，they显然不合，which多引导从句，从此为并列句式，one表示泛指，而此处空格内容指代前面提到的thenewhouse。要仔细区别代词的所指范围，是人还是物，单数还是复数，另应注意句式。2．Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou’llhavetopay_________$15.（NMET2000）A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each解析：答案为A。本题考查不定代词用于表示数量附加的用法。“another+数字+复数名词”结构通常用来表示在原有数量上的附加。若选C，正确结构是“数词+more+复数名词”。掌握another和more与数字搭配的位置是此题关键。another放在数字前，more放在数字后。NMET1995中第25小题命题思路与此题一致。3.Fewpleasurescanequal___________ofacooldrinkonahotday.(NMET1999)A.someB.anyC.thatD.those解析：答案为C。本题考查替代词that的用法。that通常在句中替代同类的、特定的但不是同一的事物。本句中that替代thepleasure。句意为“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能与饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比”。that指代单数或不可数名词，复数用those，表示特指，以避免重复，在比较句型中较为常用，代替可数名词时可换用theone。4.Ilikeintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one解析：答案为C。本句考惯用法及代词。Like是及物动词，需要宾语。此处“it”指模糊的情形或环境，无具体指代，其余项均不可。又如：Ilikeithere（我喜欢这儿）。5.That’sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafterhe’sdoneforyou.A.somethingB.anythingC.allD.that解析：答案为C。本题考代词及定语从句。整句意思；在你父亲为你做了所有一切之后再说你父亲（的坏话）是件令人不愉快的事。-159- 6.Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermadefromsomewoodwehad.A.itB.oneC.himselfD.another解析：答案为B。考代词。全句意为：我们需要为厨房填个橱柜，所以Peter用我们所拥有的木头做了一个。代词one替代上文的名词acupboard,非特指的指代，正合题意。it应指代上文提到的同一事物，为特指，故不可。C项离题意太远，D项指“又”，“再”的意思，亦不可。语法复习专题四——形容词和副词一、考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。alanguagedifficulttomaster,aleaningtowerabout180feethigh（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如amanalive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：WehadagoodtimetogetheroutdoorslastSunday.（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：-159- Thepersonthereiswaitingforyou.（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+描绘性形容词+size（大小）+shape（形状）+age（年龄、时间）+color（颜色）+origin（国籍、来源）+material（材料）+purpose（目的）+名词。如：aheavyblackChinesesteelumbrella,theman’sfirsttowinterestinglittleredFrenchoilpaitings（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。②表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep深wide宽广high高low位置低deeply深入地widely广泛地highly高度地lowly地位卑微③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对bedeadasleepdeadly非常bedeadlytiredpretty相当beprettycertainthat…prettily漂亮地beprettilydressedclose近Don’tsitclose.closely密切地Watchclosely!late晚、迟arrivelate,comelatelately最近Ihaven’tseenhimlately(recently).2、复合形容词的构成（1）形容词+名词+edkind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的(2)形容词+形容词red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的（3）形容词+现在分词good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的（4）副词+现在分词-159- hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的（5）副词+过去分词hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的（6）名词+形容词life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的（7）名词+现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的（8）名词+过去分词snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的（9）数词+名词+edfour-storeyed4层楼的，three-legged3条腿的（10）数词+名词（名词用单数）ten-year10年的,two-man两人的3、形容词和副词的比较等级（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“notso(as)+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。如：XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu.Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.（2）比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。（3）比较级的用法。①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构表示。如：Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。如：Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.-159- ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、alot、abit、alittle、still、much、far、yet、byfay等修饰。如：Heworksevenharderthanbefore.注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：SheisbetterthanshewasyesterdayPleasecomeearliertomorrow.另注意：byfar通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the+比较级（主语+谓语），the+比较级（主语+谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如：Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。如：Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.Thegirlbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。HeissuperiortoMr.Zhanginchemistry.⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.⑧倍数表达法。（A）Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。Thenewbui9ldingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,-159- longer,etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.(4)最高级的用法。①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.②最高级可被序数词以及much、byfar、nearly、almost、bynomeans、notquite、notreally、nothinglike等词语所修饰。如：Thishatisbyfar/much/nearly/almost/notnearly/bynomeans/notquite/nothinglikethebiggest.Howmuchdidtheseconmostexpensivehatcost?③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：Heisamostcleveryoungpoliceman.(amost=very)Thefilmismostinteresting.(most=very)③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。如：whoistheolderofthetowboys?④在“the+比较级…，the+比较级…”结构中。⑤在same前一般要加the。⑥有些形容词前加the成为名词。如thepoor、therich等。（6）由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语。①asmuchas+不可数名词数量。-159- Eachstoneweighsasmuchasfifteentons.Shecouldearnasmuchastendollarsaweek.②asmanyas+可数名词数量多达Ihaveasamanyassixteenreferrencebooks.③asearlyas早在AsearlyasthetwelfthcenturytheEnglishbegantoinvadetheisland.④asfaras远到；就……而知（论）Wemightgoasfaras(走到)thechurchandback.AsfarasIknow（就我所知），hehasbeentherebefore.⑤may(might,could)aswell不妨、不如Thenyoumightaswellstaywithushere.⑥as…ascanbe到了最……的程度，极其Theyareasunreliableastheycanbe.他们极其不可信。⑦as…asonecanHebegantorun,asfastashecould.⑧as…aspossibleJustgetthemtofinishupasquicklyaspossible.(7)几组重要的词语辨析。①very和much的区别。（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。averyfrightenedboy,averytiredchild,averycomplicatedproblem,一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、verymuch/greatly等修饰。如：WeweregreatlyshockedbythenewsaboutTom.IwasmuchamusedbyJack’sattitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：veryinteresting/worrying/exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。Youaremuch/far/alottoonice.另外，在toomany/much,toofew/little前用far。There’sfartoolittleopportunityforadventuethesedays.We’vegotfartoomanyeggsandfartoofeweggcups.（E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quitecompletely、well、entirely。如：quitewrong(mistaken,sure)、completelydead、quiteimpossible、quiteperfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quitealone,verymuchalone,wideawake,fastasleep,verymuchafraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：bewellworth,muchthesame,freezingcold,quitedifferent,terriblycold/frightening。-159- ②so…that…与such…that…的区别。so+形容词/副词+ that…so+形容词+a（n）+单数可数名词+that…so+many/much/little/few+名词+that…such+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+that…such+形容词+不可数名词+that…such+形容词+复数名词+that…注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如somuchprogress、somanypeople、solittlefood、sofewapples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：Thesearesuchlittleboysthattheycan’tdressthemselves.下列so的用法是错误的：soadiffcultproblem,sodifficultproblems,sohotweather。③其他几组词的辨析。（A）ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。(F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis___________itisascience.（NMET2001）A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas解析：答案为D。本题可从考查形容词的同级比较点入手。在同级比较as…as句式中，如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成“as+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+as”-159- 结构。这道题在名词专题中也有解析，不同的是观察视角不同，应注意培养发散思维。2.Itisalwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,__________ifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.(NMET2000)A.extremelyB.naturallyC.basicallyD.especially解析：答案为D。本题考查副词的词义辨析。注意掌握词语的准确含义，结合语境进行分析。A项意为“极端地”；B项意为“自然地”；C项“基本上”；D项“尤其，特别地”。根据句意“如果你不会讲（它的）语言，在国外你就总会困难重重”可知答案。3.ProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheis______knownforhisplays.(NMET1998)A.thebestB.moreC.betterD.themost解析：答案为C。本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握句式之间的联系，抓住句子的隐藏信息，结合语境进行分析。根据句意，句中but后应有一词组bewellknownfor…。同时，应注意到前后两个分句把professorWhite的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比，故应用well的比较级。4.Imustbegettingfat—Icandomytrousersup.A.fairlyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.seldom解析：答案为D。本题考副词，且继续使用了破折号，对前句解释说明。句中的“doup”指“系上、扣上、包扎上”等意，故全句合理的意思是：我几乎系不上裤子了，（因此）我一定在发胖。B项hardly是“几乎不”的意思，正合题意。5.Thehousesmellsasifithasn’tbeenlivedinforyears.A.littlewhitewoodenB.littlewoodenwhiteC.whitewoodenlittleD.woodenwhitelittle解析：答案为A。本题考名词前置定事的排序。多个词同时作前置定语时，排列规律一般是：代词性定语+冠/指示/物主/所有格+数词（先序后基）+形容词+国籍/材料/用途形容词或名词或动名词+被修饰的名词，其中数个形容词同时出现时，多用下列顺序：性质+大小+形状+新旧+颜色，有时也要看与名词的密切关系，越密切，越靠近名词。按上文所述，wooden表材料，放在最后，white表颜色，放在little之后，故选A。6.Thatdoesn’tsoundveryfrightening,Paul.I’veseen.Whatdidyoulikemostaboutthefilm?A.betterB.worseC.bestD.worst-159- 解析：答案为B。考查比较级的用法，由句意可知，我还见过比frightening更糟的，故选B。语法复习专题五——介词和连词一、考点聚焦1、介词的分类与语法功能（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如accordingto、outof、becauseof、bymeansof、inspiteof、insteadof等。双重介词，如frombehind/above/under、untilafter等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from/by)等。常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如：①Itisgoingtorainthisafternoonaccordingtotheweatherforecast.②Hequarrelledwithheryesterday.③Hesucceededinpassingthefinalexam.④I’mstillthinkingofhowIcanfulfilthetaskaheadoftime.⑤TheprofessorwillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwell.（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：①Thismachineisingoodcondition.(表语)②Whereisthekeytomybike?(定语)③Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.(状语)④Shealwaysthinksherselfaboveothers.（宾补）2、介词搭配（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。①robsb.ofsth./cleartheroadofsnow(“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of连用)②supplyuswithfood/filltheglasswithwine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用）③makeadeskofwood/makebreadfromflour/makethematerialintoacoat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用）④介词+the+部位与动词的关系（=动词+sb.’s+部位，可换用）-159- strikehimonthehead(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)catchhimbythearm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)hittheboyintheface（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用）⑤prevent(stop,keep)sb.fromdoingsth.(“阻止，禁止”意义与from连用)⑥persuade(advise,warn)sb.intodoingsth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用）⑦buysb.forsth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)⑧tellsth.tosb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)⑨givesth.tosb.（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用）注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buysb.sth.双宾结构。⑩saytosb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggestsb.sth.。同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。for（寻找）tosth.of(听说)on(拜访)lookto(眺望)agreewithsb.hearcallfor(需要)at（看）onsth.from(收到信)in(请)同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。replytotheletter回信，sing(dance)tothemusic和……唱（跳），amountto达到，加起来有……，devoteto把……贡献给，drinkto为……干杯，objectto反对，lookforwardto渴望，cometo苏醒，belongto属于，searchfor搜……，ask…for…寻找，use…for用作，leavefor前往，take…for误以为，callof倡导，waitfor等待，carefor喜欢，makeupfor弥补损失，turnto求助（救）于，helponeselfto随意，agreeto同意，compare…to把……比作，sendfor派人去请（拿）……，sailfor驶向，航向，setoutfor动身去，goinfor爱好……。（2）常见“形容词+介词”搭配。of担心……about/atsth.afraidangryfor替……而担心withsb.forsth.渴望……from与……不同amxiousdifferentaboutsth./sb担心……to…不关心……of讨厌withsb.-159- tiredstrictfrom/with因……疲倦insth.要求严格at擅长withsb.受……欢迎goodfor对……有益popularinsomeplace流行在……ofsb.todoso友好for…因……而流行with+名词或what从句pleasedhelpfulto对……有帮助at+抽象名词（听/看到……而高兴）tosb.为人所知befamiliarwith熟悉knownfor因……而出名as作为……出名befamiliarto为……熟知（悉）sorryfor…替……后悔disappointedatsth.失望from缺席richin富有……absentin离开此地去了……worthyof值得的，gladaboutsth.forsb.为某人某事高兴，farfrom离……远，gratefulforsth.tosb.为某事感激某人，freefrom没有……（免除……），proudof(takepridein)自豪，satisfiedwith(by)满意，sureof/about确信，fondof喜欢，fitfor适合，busywithsth.(indoingsth.)忙着干某事，fullof充满，readyfor准备，similarto相似，wrongwith不对；有毛病……（3）“名词+介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。theabsenceofwater缺水thehopeofsuccess成功的希望haveachanceof(for)enteringcollege上大学的机会takeprideinthem为他们感到骄傲thekeytothequestion问题的答案amedicineforcough治咳嗽的药theticketfortomorrow明天的票inBeijing去了北京hisabesencefromBeijing不在北京-159- tostudy学习方法thewayofstudyingmaths学习教学的方法3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，如：inthe1990s,intheyear,inJanuary,in(the)winter/summer/fall/spring,inthefirstweekofMay。还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：inawhile,innotime,inthedaytime,inashortwhile,intime,inthemorning(afternoon,evening)。但要注意：①atnight/atnoon,intheday(在白天),inthenight（大夜间）。②infivedays（weeks,months,years）中in意思是“在……以后”。③in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：inthenight,duringthenight,inthewar,duringthewar。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：duringthediscussionindiscussingtheproblemduringherstayinHubeiinplayingbasketballduringthecourseofindiggingthetunnel（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。onSunday(s).onTuesdaymorningonChristmasDay(但atChrismas),onChristmasEve,onChildren’sDayonMarch8,onthemorning(afternoon,evening)ofOct.1earlyonthemorningofOct.1(区别：inthelate/earlymorningofOct.1)onarainynight,onwarmwinterdays(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。atbreakfast(supper,lunch),atsixatnoon(sunrise,sunset,midday,night,midnight,dawn)attheageof15,atthetimeofwar,但intimeofdanger/trouble。注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如：-159- nextday、lastSunday、thatmorning、theseyearsone、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如somedayoneday、yesterday/afternoon,thenightbefore（4）till、until、to的用法。①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如：Hewaitedformetilltwelveo’clock.Hedidn’tgetuptill(until)10a.m.(不可用to).但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如：Notuntil9a.m.didMr.Smithcomebacktoschool.②to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如：fromJulytoSeptember,fromsixto(till)eight（从……到……为止），但frommorningtillnight（从早到晚），不能用to。from…to常构成习惯搭配，不可换用其他介词。（A）表持久连续、传递、转移的含义。fromtimetotime(不时，有时)，fromdaytoday (天天),fromhandtohand(不断传下去)，fromplacetoplace（处处，到处），fromsidetoside(左右摇摆)，fromdoortodoor（家家户户），fromhousetohouse（挨家挨户），fromshoptoshop（一个商店接一个商店）。(B)表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化。frombeginningtoend(从头到尾，自始至终)（fromthebeginningtotheendof…）;fromhandtomouth(仅能糊口)，frombadtoworse(越来越糟)，fromheadtofoot(从头到脚),fromtoptobottom（整个地，彻底地），fromtoptotoe(全身)，fromstarttofinish（自始至终，从头到尾）。（C）fromone+名词+toanother表示“依次”。如fromonecartoanother（顺着车厢依次地）。（D）名词+by+同一单数名词，表示“一个一个地”，要与from…to短语区别开：onebyone一个一个地；littlebylittle(bit)一点一点地；stepbystep一步一步地，逐渐地（但byandby不久以后）；sentencebysentence逐句地；daybyday一天一天地；sidebyside(with…)(和……)并肩，一起；shouldertoshoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力；handinhand手拉手，紧紧地;facetoface面对面。（5）in、after、later①in+一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，用于各种时态。②一段时间+later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。③after+一段时间表示：“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,-159- 即after+点时间，用于各种时态。Thedoctorwillbewithusinsixminutes.Shegraduatedin1981,andeightyearslatershebecamethemanagerofthefactory.Hereceivedherletterafterfourweeks.另外，in+一段时间+’s+time与within+一段时间的用法如下：inaweek’stime=inaweekTheywillarriveinthreedays’time.(与将来时连用)Mybrother’sbirthdayisintwoweeks’time.（作表语）I’llfinishthebookwithintwoweeks.(within=inlessthan…用于各种时态，不超出，在……之内)（6）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。①at在较小的场所，in在较大的场所，on在……的平面上。如atthedoor、attheairport、atthestation、at55ParkStreet、inChina、inthenorth、inAsia、onthedesk、onthewall等。②on、at、in还可以表示两地相对位置。若A地属于B地，用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on；无边缘的衔接有to。如：JapanliestotheeastofChina.(范围之外)TaiwanliesinthesoutheastofChina.（范围之外）HunanprovinceliesonthewestofHubeiprovince.(毗邻)TheislandliesoffthecoastofChina.(相隔一定距离)③地点介词的引申、比喻意义：inthesun在阳光下，inthedark(ness)在黑暗中，inthedark不知道，infreezingweather在严寒天气中，inthemud在泥中，intheearth在地下,inthedesert在沙漠中,inaheavyrain在大雨中，inthesnow/wind在雪/风中,inpublic当众，introuble在困境中，getintotrouble陷入困境，outoftrouble摆脱困难，beyondhope绝望。④across在物体表面“穿过”；through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。如：Theywalkedacrosstheplayground.Iwalkedthroughtheforest.⑤over/under/above/below。over、above译作“在……之上”；under、below译作“在……的下面”，其区别在于over、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above、below则表示一般的“高于”或-159- “低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如：Alittleboatisnowunderthebridge.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Thesunsinksbelowthehorizon(地平线)Thewindowiswellabovethetree.⑥表示地点介词的静态性和动态性Hewalkedtothestation（静态，表示方向和目的地）Hewalkedtowardsthestation.(动态，只表示方向)Heiskindto(towards)us.（两者通用）Heisatthestation.(静态，表示地点)Theyarrivedatthestation.(动态，表示地点)Heswamawayfromtheship.(动态“离开”)Hestoodawayfromtheshop.(静态“远离”)Hefellontothefloor.(动态“到地面”)ThecityisontheChangjiangRiver.(静态“平面”)Goofftheroad.偏离了道路（动态“离去”）Comealongtheriver.沿着河过来（线）acrossthefields跨过田野……，overthedesert跨越沙漠acrosstheriver横跨这条河……，overthehill翻过这座山beinthehouse(静态，在这里……)stayoutofthecar(静态，在……外)gointothehouse(动态，进入)flyoutofthecountry(动态，离开)（7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词①bytheyear/hour/day按年/小时/天。如Herentahousebytheyear(day,hour).(按by+the+单位名称)但tothepound按磅算，totheton按吨计。②表泛指的方式、手段bypost/mail邮寄，bytelephone(radio),但onthephone/ontheradio/onTV(电讯器材)，byelectricity用电，bymachinery用电器，byhardwork,learnsth.byheart,throughthesatellite,throughpractice,throughhisownefforts,throughexperience,throughthetelescop①交通工具类-159- bybus/train/car/taxi(road)bybike/bicycle,onhorseback/onfootbyplane/jet/spaceship,byairbyship/boat/lifeboat,bysea/bywater另外：bymeansof用……方法，bywayof经由，取道于，用……方法，withthehelp(permission)ofsb./withsb.’shelp(permis-sion)。④表方式、手段的其他用法Hebeatthedogwithawhip.(with+工具机器)Onesmellswithhisnose.(with+人体器官，但byhand“手工，用手”)Hestoodupwithpride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如inEnglish(ink,pencil)。另外如：inhigh(good,low)spirits,inanger,injoy,incomfort,insorrow,insafety,indanger,inneed,indebt,inlove,infun,inpain,intears,insurprise,ingood(poor)health,ingoodorder,inflower,inaway,inalowvoice,insilence,in(with)satisfaction,inahurry,in(with)words,live/feedonfood,kneelonone’sknee,take(catch)sb.bysurprise(出其不意)（8）表示“除……之外”的几组常用介绍比较。①besides除……以外，（还有）。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。WellallwenttothecinemabesidesShaw.除了肖外，我们都去了电影院。Itwastoolatetoseeafilm,andbesides,Iwastired.②except除去，除……之外（不再有）。WeallwentexceptJohn.我们都去了，约翰没有。在否定句中，两词可以换用，如：Hehasnootherhatsexcept/besidesthisone.③exceptfor除了……（对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与exceptthat+句子意思相同。Hewasverycleverexceptforcarelessness.④exceptthat…除了……一点以外。Hehasnotchangedexceptthatheiswearingdarkglasses.⑤but与except-159- but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：①前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。Allbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesmakingmodelships.②后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。Hehasnothingtodobutwait.（前有do,后省to）③but与一些固定结构连用。havenochoicebuttodosth.只得做某事，cannotbutdosth.不得不,cannothelpbutdosth.不得不……，butfor…如不是……（9）between与among.between通常指两者之间。也可以用于三者以上的两者之间。如：AnnisbetweenTomandBill.SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustraliaandItaly.Theysoonfinishedtheworkbetweenthemselves.(共同，合作)Shewasbusybetweencooking,washing,sewingandlookingafterthebaby.(表示接连不断地，一个接一个地忙这忙那)Ahorsecanbeseenbetweentreesnow.among表示三者以上之间。如：Thestoryissaidtohavehappenedinavillageamongthehills.Hewashappytobeamongfriendsagain.Wemustagreeamongourselves.(一起，共同)我们必须达成共识。Londonisamongthelargestcities.(=oneof与最高级连用)（10）表原因的介词for、becauseof、dueto。Hedidn’tcometothemeetingbecauseofhisillness.Thereasonforhiscominglateisthathewasill.Hewaspraisedforhisbraveryandcourage.Theaccidentisduetoyourcarelessdriving.(11)不定式复合结构中的for、of。这里所说的不定式复合结构形式指的是for或of加上人或事，作动词不定式逻辑主语的结构。-159- ①Itiscleverofyoutoansweritlikethat.②Itisquitehardformetoexplainwhy.注意：两句中的of和for的使用，表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征与面貌时用of,如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用for。（12）兼作连词和副词的介词。①after、since、till/still、before这些词既是介词，又是连词。Thechildrenwenthomeatonceafterschool.Theywenttobedaftertheyhadfinishedthejob.②in、on、along、down、up、after、before、along、beyond等介词可兼作副词。Herandownthehill.（介词）Canyouliftthatboxdownfromtheshelfforme?(副词)③有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。Allthestudentsgottoschoolbeforeme.(before为介词)Wedowanttobuysomethingnowbeforepricesgoup.(连词)Haven’tIseenyoubefore?(before为副词)（13）介词的省略。①表示时间的介词on、at、in的省略。在next、last、yesterday、tomorrow、each、one、any、every、all等词之前，可以省略，也可以不省略。如（at）lastweekend、（on）thatday等。②介词for表示时间的省略要求。（A）以all开头的名词短语，for要省略。如：Istayedwithherallhemorning.（B）表示一段时间的短语之前，for可以省略，也可以不省略。如：IhavebeenwaitinghereI(for)morethanthreehours.（C）否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如：Ihaven’tseenyouforthirtyyears.(D)时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。如：Forthewholemorning,theoldmankeptreading.③某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。Nothingcanpreventme(from)doingthejob.Shespentnearlytwohours(in)translatingit.（14）某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。①要求接to的名词有：key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、road等。②要求接in的名词有：interest、satisfaction、expert等。-159- Heisexpertinteachingsmallchildren.(15)几个常用的并列连词。①both…and,either…or,neither…norboth…and“双方都”，连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式。either…or与neither…nor注意采取“就近原则”。②notonly…butalso,aswellas注意：两者强调对象不同，notonly…butalso强调的是butalso之后部分，而aswellas则强调其前面的部分。notonly…butalso采取“就近原则”，而aswellas只是一个插入语，采取“就远原则”。如：Mr.Smith,aswellashiswifeandchildren,hascometoNanjingforavisit.notonly…butalso结构中的notonly可用于句首，连接两个分句时，第一个从句主谓要倒装。Notonlyisheclever,butalsoheishardworking.（16）几个常用的从属连词。①when、while、as都表示“当……时候”，when引导的从句的动作与主句的动词可同时发生，也可先后发生；as、while引导的从句则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。如：WhenIgotothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Hesangmerrilyashewasworking.②till、until均表示“到……时候止”，肯定句中的谓语必须是延续性动作。如：Iworkedtilllateatnight.若主句谓语是终止性动词，则主句要用否定形式，意为动作“到……才……”开始发生。如：Shedidn’tgetupuntilhermothercamein.注意：till和until通常情况下可以互换，只是在句首时until比till更常用。③though、although均引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……”，although较正式，though最常用。如：Thouth(Although)hewastired,hekeptonworking.注意：though、although引导的从句不能与but、however连用，但可以与yet、still连用。though还可以与别的词结合使用，如eventhough、asthough,而although则不能这样搭配。④nosooner…than、hardly…when、assoonas三者都表示“一……就”，“刚刚……就”-159- 的意思。（A）assoonas置于主句前后都可以，而且有备各种时态。如：AssoonasshegetshereI’lltellheraboutit.Maryleftassoonasthefinishedthework.(B)hardly…when、nosooner…than不能表示将来的事，其主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若将hardly或nosooner放在句首，句子要倒装。如：Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.⑤某些表示时间的名词（词组）也可用作从属连词。它们是：themoment,theminute,theinstant,theday,thetime,thefirst(second,third…)time,thespring(summer,autumn,winter),every(each,next,any)time(day),bythetime,都可引导时间状语从句。如：Hismotherdiedthespringhereturned.Callmeuptheminutehearrives.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Thehomeimprovementshavetakenwhatlittlethereis_________mysparetime.(NMET2001)A.fromB.inC.ofD.at解析：答案为C。本题考查句子结构中介词of的有法。what引导的从句作谓语havetaken的宾语，而从句中的基本句型为“thereislittleof…”,表示“……有很少”，what修饰little提到了从句句首。注意正确把握句子结构和介词用法，要明白ofmysparetime和inmysparetime的区别。2.____________productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.(NMET2000)A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through解析：答案为C。本题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。“with+名词+不定式/分词/名词/形容词/介词短语等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因、条件等状语。本题中with的复合结构作伴随状语。3.Thechangesinthecitywillcostquitealot,___________theywillsaveusmoneyinthelongrun.（2000春季高考题）A.orB.sinceC.forD.but解析：答案为D。本题考查并列连词or、for、but和从属连词的意义和用法。并列连词or通常表示选择关系；for表示因果关系；but表示转折关系；从属连词since表示原因。通过比较前后两个分句意思可知，它们是转折关系。-159- 4.Aftersheconsideredtheproblem,shegotatallboxtostand________.A.onB.upC.aboveD.by解析：答案为A。不定式“tostand+介词”作定语修饰atallbox,其中被修饰词在逻辑意义上是不及物动词，只有加上吊尾介词，句子意思才完整。吊尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少，吊尾介词使用的场合有：（1）定语从句中，先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰，不及物动词后要接介词，先行词被“动词+介词”组成的短语动词所修饰，介词常在句尾。HeisthemanIjustspoketo.(2)what、whose、who、whatever等引导的宾语从句，宾语从句出现吊尾介词。Ican’timaginewhatitislike.(3)强调句型，特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更，常出现吊尾介词。Itwasthepoorboythatwegavethebooksto.Whatfor?Whereto?Whowith?(4)不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场合、工具、方式、材料”等意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。aroomtolivein,abenchtositonThereisnothingtoworryabout.Sheisagoodgirltoworkwith.(5)某些形容词后接不定式或“动词+介词”型短语，动词的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介词。①fit、easy、hard、comfortable、difficult、heavy等形容词后。②Theriverisgoodtoswimin.Theboxistooheavytocarry.③beworthdoingsth.,beworthyofbeingdone/tobedone,want/require/needdoing5.Rosesneedspecialcaretheycanlivethroughwinter.A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as解析：答案为B。本题考状语从句。全句意为：玫瑰花需要特殊关心，以便过冬（为了安全度过冬天）。其余选项不合逻辑。6.youcallmetosayyou’renotcoming,I’llseeyouatthetheatre.-159- A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless解析：答案为D。本题考状事从句，全句意为：我将在剧院门口等你，除非你打电话说你不来了。D项表条件，符合句意。A项表让步，意为尽管；B项表让步，意为“不管……（还是……）；”C项表时间，意为“直道……（才……）”，均不和逻辑。7.SeveralweekshadgonebyIrealizedthepaintingwasmissing.A.asB.beforeC.sinceD.when解析：答案为B。本题考查连词的用法。时间hadpassed(gone)bybeforeS+did…在不知不觉中过……（已过去了）。语法复习专题六——数词一、考点聚焦1、序号表示法（1）单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如：No.1第一号（2）事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同：①对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达，形式分别为：the+序数词+名词；名词+基数词。如：第一次世界大战可以表示为theFirstWorldWar或WorldWarOne。②对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词+数词。如：501号房间表示为Room501,538路公共汽车表示为Bus538。③可用a/the+number+基数词+名词。如：aNo.5bus一辆五路公共汽车，theNo.8bus那辆8路公共汽车。2、倍数的表达方式一般情况下我们用以下三种倍数表达方式：（1）倍数用在as+形容词/副词（原级）+as结构之前。如：Theyhavethreetimesasmanycowsaswedo.（2）倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前或by+倍数用在比较级之后。如：Thisropeisfourtimeslongerthanthatone.Theyproducedmoreproductsin2001thanthosein2000bytwice.（3）倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数+the+size/length/weight…+of+-159- 表示比较对象的名词，也可用于倍数+what引导的从句中。如：Thisroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.Thecollegeistwicewhatitwas5yearsage.Youcan’timaginethatratseat40to50timestheirweight.3、大约数的表示方法（1）用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。如：Thelittleboybuysdozensofpencilseveryterm.Thousandsofpeoplediedintheearthquake.EveryyeartensofthousandsofpeoplegotoworkinGuangdongProvince.（2）用、lessthan、under、below、almost、nearly、upto等来表示小于或接近某数目。如：HeisgoodatEnglish,sohecanfinishthepaperinlessthantwohours.（3）用morethan、over、above、beyond、ormore等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如：PekingUniversityhasahistoryofmorethan100years.（4）用or、orso、about、around、some、moreorless等表示在某一数目左右。如：About50peoplewerepresentatthattime.（5）用to、from…to…、between…and表示介于两数词。如：Hissalaryrisesfrom20dollarsaweekto35dollarsaweek.（6）注意事项：dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million作数词表示确切数量时，不用复数。如：threescore,fivedozen,sevenmillion等。4、分数的表达方式（1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：one-third三分之一，three-sevenths七分之三。（2）分子与分母之间加in,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：oneinten十分之一，fiveineight八分之五。（3）分子与分母之间加outof,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：oneoutoften十分之一，fiveoutofeight八分之五。5、百分数的表示法（1）表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可，如：twentypercent百分之二十。-159- （2）分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：分数/百分数＋of+冠词/限定词+名词/代词，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致，如：Two-thirdsofthemoneywasspentonfood.Aboutseventypercentoftheearthsurfaceiscoveredbywater.6、小数的表示法小数的表示法，小数点前的总值发同其他数词一样，小数点用point,小数点后面的数读成个位数，如：9.65表示为ninepointsixfive。218.39表示为twohundredandeighteenpointthreenine。二、精典名题导解选择填空1.____________peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbyE-maileveryday.(2001年上海春季高考卷)A.SeveralmillionB.ManymillionsC.SeveralmillionsD.Manymillion解析：答案为A。本题考查的是million表示确切数量的用法。million前需用数表确切数量，而不用many这类词，但可说manymillionsof（上百万的），故本题中用Severalmillion。2.Thenumberofpeopleinvited__________fifty,butanumberofthem__________absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET96)A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were解析：答案为C。本题考查的是thenumberof+名词与anumberof+名词作主语时谓语的单复数问题。thenumberof是“……的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，而anumberof后接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故此题最佳选项为C。3.Shortlyaftertheaccident,two___________policeweresenttothesporttokeeporder.(NMET92)A.dozensofB.dozensC.dozenD.dozenof解析：答案为C。此题考查的是数词dozen表示确切数量时的用法，dozen表示确切数量时用其单数形式，当dozens的复数后接of时则表示不确切数量，本题答案为C。-159- 语法复习专题七——动词时态和语态一、考点聚焦1、动词时态考查要点简述（1）一般现在时考点分析①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.Waterboilsat100oC.②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Icefeelscold.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belongseem等。如：Iknowwhatyoumean.Smithownsacarandahouse.AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.TomorrowisWednesday.（2）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。①-159- 一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：Imetherinthestreetyesterday.Ioncesawthefamousstarhere.Theyneverdrankwine.Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinteresting,butitisn’t.②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.④常用一般过去时的句型：Whydidn’tyou/Ithinkofthat?Ididn’tnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididn’trecognizehim.（3）一般将来时考点分析。①表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、nextweek等）。②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。We’lldiewithoutairorwater.③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。④begoingto与will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo用法及区别：begoingto表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/willdo表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。begoingto表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.(正确)Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.(错误)-159- betodosth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o’clockthisafternoon.beabouttodosth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.（4）现在进行时考点分析。①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：Itisrainingnow.HeisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.IammeetingMr.Wangtonight.WeareleavingonFriday.AtsixIambathingthebaby.(Istartbathingthebadybeforesix.)Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear,exist,lie,remain,seembelongto,dependon。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。（5）过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）。①常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A）在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.(B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/though/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned…+tohavedone。（C）“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.（D）表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly/Nosooner/Scarcelyhad+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebus-159- started.②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.（6）过去将来时考点分析。参照一般将来时对比：用woulddo、was/weregoingtodosth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was/weretodosth.和was/wereabouttodosth.表过去将来。（7）过去进行时考点分析。①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。（8）现在完成时考点分析。①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks)、inrecentyears等。②下列句型中常用现在完成时Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)timethat+完成时This(That/It)istheonly…+that+完成时This(that/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that从句+完成时③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.（9）注意几组时态的区别：①一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、lastyear、justnow、theotherday等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。②过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。-159- 2、被动语态考查要点简述被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语只也有用get/become+过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.④情态动词和begoingto、beto、besureto、usedto、haveto、hadbetter等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：Peoplesayheisasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.Heissaidtobeasmartboy.PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.类似句型有：Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、-159- last、looklike、consistto等。③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belongto等。④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。（3）主动形式表被动意义。①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布易洗。Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.这些小说不畅销。Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。Thedoorwon’tlock.门锁不上。Thefishsmellsgood.鱼闻起来香。②当breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.Thelampsonthewallturnoff.③want,require,need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。④beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。⑤在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。①beseated坐着Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）坐在凳子上。②behidden躲藏Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏在门后。-159- ③belost迷路④bedrunk喝醉⑤bedressed穿着Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.(被动语态)Thebookiswellsold.(系表结构)二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Visitors________nottotouchtheexhibits.(NMET2001)A.willrequestB.arerequestedC.arerequestingD.request解析：答案为B。此题的时态是不难判断的，因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般现在时，而visitor与request之间是动宾关系，即requestvisitorsnottotouchtheexhibits,究竟是谁要求他们这样做呢？不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被动语态。分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。2.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology__________sorapidly.(NMET2001)A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange解析：答案为A。此题考查现在进行时态的用法。句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事，因为科技发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况，而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态，不是在过去，也不是在将来，因此只能用现在进行时表达。3.Allthepreparationsforthetask___________,andwe’rereadytostart.（2000年春季高考）A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted解析：答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从andwe’rereadytostart句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete-159- 是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系；②结合语境选择正确时态。4.Mymindwasn’tonwhathewassayingsoI’mafraidIhalfofit.A.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmissD.missed解析：答案为D。本句考时态和语境。全句意思是；我的心没在他说的话上，所以恐怕他说的话我有一半没听到。整个事情是过去的事，且是做过的事，所以选一般过去时D。5.Thediscussionalivewhenaninterestingtopicwasbroughtin.A.wascomingB.hadcomeC.hascomeD.came解析：答案为D。comealive“变得活跃”。照顾时间状语从句时态一致时。6.—IhearJanehasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.—Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenshe?A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left解析：答案为D。考查动词时态，由现完成时的用法，可知动作发生在过去，故选D。语法复习专题八——情态动词一、考点聚焦1、情态动词的基本用法(1)can、beableto和could①can和beableto都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而beableto则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/wereableto来表示。这时was/wereableto相当于managedto，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。如：Canyouusechopsticks?Thewoundedmanstillwasabletogettothevillageandwassavedintheend.②can和couldcan和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。如：Couldyouhelpmecarrythebag?CanIhelpyou?-159- (2)may/might①may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：-Whyisn’theinclass?Hemaybesick.(生病的可能性较大)—Hemightbesick.(生病的可能性较小)②may/might表示“允许”，may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时，但might也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may。如：Hesayswemayleave.Hesaidwemightleave.③may/might表示建议或请求，但might比may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。Yes,youcan/may.—May/MightIuseyourbike?—No,youmustn’t（3）must①must表示必须，应该，没有时态变化。如：YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.②must表示肯定的推测。如：Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.③mustn’t表示禁止做某事。如：Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.（4）havetohaveto表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。haveto的否定形式表示不必。haveto可用于多种时态中。如：Youwillhavetocleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.（5）should/oughtto①should和oughtto表示应当、应该，前者比后者语气轻。如：Youshould/oughttoworkhard.-159- ②should/oughttoworkhard.Sincesheisnothere,wheshould/oughttobeintheclassroom.③should/oughtto的否定形式表示禁止之意。如：Childrenshouldn’tsmoke.④should可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而oughtto可以表示劝告之意。如：Yououghttorespectyourparents.Hesuggestedthattheyshouldleaveatonce.（6）will/would①will用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等，否定式won’t+动词。如：Iwilltellyouallaboutit.Tomwon’tdosuchathing.②will用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如：Willyoupleasetellherthenewswhenyouseeher?③will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如：Fishwilldieoutofwater.④would表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如：Wouldyoupleasebequiet?Wouldyoulikecoffee?⑤would表示过去反复发生的动作。如：WhenIpassedmyschoolIwouldseemyteacherswhotaughtme5yearsago.（7）needneed作“必要”讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。如：Ineedtothinkitover.—Needyougonow?—Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn’t（8）daredare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：Howdareyousaythat?Shedoesn’tdate(to)askherfather.-159- （9）usedtousedto表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。如：Heusedtosmoke.（10）shall①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如：Weshalldoasourteachersays.YoushallhavethebookassoonasIfinishit.②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：Whereshallhewaitforus?Shallwegooutforawalk?2、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合mustmust+动词原形musthavedone肯定句may/mightmay/might+动词原形May/mighthavedone肯定句、否定句can/couldcan/coulddoCan/couldhavedone否定句、疑问名（could可用于肯定句）should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”shoulddo/beshouldhavedone肯定句、否定句、疑问句例如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Shemaynotbeathome.=Itispossiblethatsheisnotathome.Shecan’tbeathome.=Itisimpossiblethatsheisathome.Theyshouldbethererightnow.3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：-159- （1）shouldhavedone表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn’thavedone则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Youshouldn’thavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.（2）oughttohavedone也表示“本应该……”而oughtnottohavedone则意为“本不应该……”。如：Yououghttohavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Yououghtnottohavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.（3）needn’thavedone表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如：Youneedn’thavewalkedsoquicklysincetimewasenough.（4）couldhavedone表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如：Icouldhavecomeontime,butmycarbrokeontheway.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You________homewithoutaword.(NMET2001)A.mustn’thaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn‘thaveleftD.needn’thave解析：答案为B。本题考查的是情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。题目给出的条件是“我确实非常担心你”，因此后面可知应是责备you不应该没说一句话就离开了。2.—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I__________gototheconcertinstead.(NMET2000)A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might解析：答案为D。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。由题目中“I’mnotsure”,表明我可能去Jeff’sparty，也可能去音乐会，故用might。3.—Willyoustayforlunch?—Sorry,____________.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.(NMET99)A.Imustn’tB.Ican’tC.Ineedn’tD.Iwon’t解析：答案为B。本题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表示一种请求和意愿，是用疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗”，对于这种问句的肯定回答是：Suree!Gertainly!Yes,ofcourse.I’dbegladto-159- 等；否定回答通常是：I’msorry,Ican’t.No,I’mafraidIcan’t.I’msorry,but…I’dliketo,but…等。注意情态动词表客气的用法及其在一般疑问句中的问与答。4.—Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?—No,itbehimI’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot解析：答案为A。本题考查情态动词表推测。问：那边的难道不是Ann的丈夫吗？答：不是。不可能是他，我确信他不戴眼镜。5.Youbetired－you’veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.won’tC.can’tD.maynot解析：答案为C。本题考查情态动词。句中破折号后的内容对前一句进行解释说明：你只工作了一个小时，所以你不可能累的。表否定推测时用can’t。A项表禁止（不许），B项表未来，D项表不允许。均不可用，故选C。6.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkIreportittothepolice？A.shouldB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever解析：答案为A。本题考情态动词。在空房子里看到灯光，是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事，故问：你是否认为我应当把这事儿报告给警察？应用A。语法复习专题九——非谓语动词一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be+todosth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。-159- Hisjobistoguard.(说明内容)be+todosth.(表示按计划要做的事)（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like+sb.todosth.③主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/consider/feel+sb.+tobe/tohavedone④主语+callon/upon/dependon/waitfor/askfor+sb.+todosth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、thefirst、thesecond、thelast、theonly等。②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。Thereisnoonetolookafterher.③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。onlytodo表示出人意料的结果。Wehurriedtotheclassroomonlytofindnonethere.inorder(not)to,soas(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too,so…astodo,such+名词…astodo作结果状语，如:Thegirlwassokindastohelptheoldmanoffthebus.I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.-159- （6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）shouldliketo/wouldliketo/wouldloveto+不定式的完成时。（B）was/wereto+不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish+不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。（7）不定式的省略。①同一结构并列由and或or连接。Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome.I’mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.特例：Tobeornottobe,thisisaquestion.Heisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示对比)②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。Whathedidwaslosethegame.③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、suchas等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。Don’tdoanythingsilly,suchasmarryhim.④主句含有不定式，后面有ratherthan,ratherthan后省to。⑤Whynot、hadbetter、wouldrather、can’tbut等词后省to。如：Hecouldnotbutwalkhome.（8）不定式的替代。-159- 多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：Susanisnotwhatsheusedtobe.—Youcamelatelastnight.Yououghttohavefinishedyourhomework.—IknowIoughttohave.常见的有：I’dlike/love/behappyto.3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题（1）动名词作宾语。①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,eacape,permit。②下列动词短语接动名词：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。③介词后要接动名词。whatabout、howabout、without、befondof、begoodat等介词后接动名词。注意on/upondoingsth.=assoonas引导的从中。作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。如onhisarrival…。④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin,start,continue,like,love,dislike,hate,prefer,can’tstand例句解析1.Itbegantorain.Itbeganraining.2.Itwasbeginningtosnow.3.Ilovelying(tolie)onmyback.4.Ilikelisteningtomusic,buttodayIdon’tliketo.5.Idon’tprefertoswimintherivernow.1.意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2.表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember,forget,regret,try例句解析1.Iremembertomeetheratthestation.Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.1.remembertodosth.记住要做的事rememberdoingsth.-159- 2.Iforgotgivingittoyouyesterday.Iforgottotellyouaboutit.Nowhereitis.3.Iregretnothavingworkinghard.Iregrettohearofyoursister’sdeath.4.Tryknockingatthebackdoor.Wemusttrytogeteverythingready.5.Thatwillmeanfloodingsomeland.IhadmeanttogoonMonday.回顾过去发生的事2.forgettodosth.忘记要做的事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过的事3.regrettodosth.对将要做的事抱歉regretdoingsth.对发生过的事后悔4.trytodosth.设法……，试图trydoingsth.试试看，试一试5.meantodosth.打算做……，想要meandoingsth.意味着，就是want,require,need例句解析Thesedesksneedrepairing.Thesedesksneedtoberepaired.ThepatientrequiredexaminedThepatientrequiredtobeexamined.1.needdoing需要被做needtobedone需要被做2.wantdoingwanttobedone3.requiredoingrequiretobedone4、分词复习应注意的几个问题（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when,while等）Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.Nothavingfinishedherworkintime,thebossfiredher.②原因状语Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote③伴随状语Thegirlscamein,followingtheirparents.④结果状语Thepooroldmandied,leavingnothingtohischildren.-159- 注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。（2）分词作表语。S.+be+动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S.+be+动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别：感官动词动词原形→做了某事S．++宾语+现在分词→正在做某事使役动词过去分词→做了或被做5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，有来说明原因、时间、条件等。（1）过去分词作原因状语Tiredbythetrip,hesoonfeelasleep.=Becausehewastiredbythetrip,hesoonfellasleep.Lostinthought,healmostranintoacar.=Ashewaslostinthought,healmostranintoacar.（2）作时间状语Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.=Whenthecityisseenfromthehill,itlookslikeagarden.（3）作条件状语Givenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.=IfIhavebeengivenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.（4）伴随状语Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.=Theteachercameinandwasfollowedbysomestudents.分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：-159- Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.__________suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(NMET2001)A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered解析：答案为A。本题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语forpeople，所以应用现在分词，又因already，应用完成时。2.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand_______them.(2001年春季高考)A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrect解析：答案为B。本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by意为“通过……，凭……”，后面常接动名词，形成“by+v.–ing”结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。本题中只有correcting符合。3.Thepicture_________onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(2000年春季高考)A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung解析：答案为B。本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的”，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。4.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked解析：答案为A。本句考非谓与动词作伴随状语。全句合理的句意是：Bob看着窗外说，“我们不能在这种天气出去”。Bob在说话的同时在看着窗外，应使用现在分词一般式，表主动和进行。A项正合语境。B项不定式表主动、将来的动作。C项表被动完成的动作（上处不是并列谓语）。D项表完成的主动动作，均不和语境。5.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepicturesinyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed-159- 解析：答案为C。全句意为：读书是一种与看电视相当不同的体验，有画面在你的心中，而不是在你的眼前形成。所以本题考非谓语动词，表主动且进行着的动作。人们看书时，读到什么情节或场面，这样的情节或场面便（同时）在心中形成。6.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told解析：答案为B。本题考查非谓语用法。only+todo常用此结构作结果状语，tell及物动词，tell之后常带双宾结构，故tell采用被动形式。语法复习专题十——虚拟语气一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。如：IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Ifthehadtime,sheshouldgowithyou.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。如：Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/couldmight+动词原形。如；Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形Would/should/cold/might+动词原形-159- 有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were/had/should+主语”。如：WereIaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoBritain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。①“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。如：Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形或是动词原形。如：Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.Thedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated.（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。如：Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.Myideaisthatthey(should)pay100dollars.（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.-159- 注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：Itispitythatyoucan’tswim.3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用（1）虚拟语气在asif/asthough、evenif/eventhough等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：Hediditasifhewereanexpert.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“Itis(high)time(that)…”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should+动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.It’shightimeweweregoing.（3）虚拟语气用在ifonly引导的感叹句中。如：IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.Wouldyoubekindenoughtoclosethedoor?②用于一些习惯表达法中。如：Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?Iwouldrathernottellyou.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______.(NMET95)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken解析：答案为C。本题考查的是asif引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，asif-159- 引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用werebroken。2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(NMET94)A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。3.—Ifhe___________,he________thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.(NMET93)A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。4.Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving解析：答案为A。本题考虚拟语气及责备的用法，全句意为：Mr.white8:30（原本）应该到会的，但他没露面。全句谈的是过去的事，故应使用shouldhavedone结构，表原本该做而没做的事。5.—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—Youherlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetold解析：答案为D。本题考查情态动词用法，should（oughtto）havedone表示说话人对发生的事性“责备”故选D。6.—Let’sgoandhaveagooddrinktonight.-159- —Haveyougotthefirstprizeinthecompetition?A.Whatfor?B.Thanksalot.C.Yes,I’dliketo.D.Whynot?解析：答案为A。考语境及交际用语。前句建议：今晚咱们出去好好喝一顿吧。喝一顿应有个来由和原因，且多是为了庆祝某事，所以后句问：为何事（庆祝）？你是不是在竞赛中得了一等奖？这样才能表示后者惊讶、疑问和兴奋，whatfor：为何而做某事？其余均不合语境。语法复习专题十一——名词性从句一、考点聚焦1、名词性从句中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。（1）that的用法。①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...（C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…（D）Itseems/happens-159- that。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.④that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如：It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.（定语从句）（2）whether和if的用法。①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.-159- Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.（3）疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.-159- Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.3、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)A.howB.afterC.whatD.when解析：答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分，故what最合适。2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where解析：答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问：“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗？”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)A.itB.thatC.theseD.them解析：答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义，而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句，所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how解析：答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法，由结构sb.beuptosth.可知，应选what作介词to的宾语。5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when-159- 解析：答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识，figureout为及物动词，故此句为宾语从句，从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语，故选why.6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how解析：答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句，全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的，并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语，故选what。语法复习专题十二——定语从句一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-,any-,every-和no与-boy,-thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit（them）inChina.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose,as。关系副词：when,where,why。that偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。-159- 6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?7、宜用which而不用that的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被such和thesame修饰，或句型asmany（much）中，从句都用as引导。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.注意：区别①such…that…引导的结果状语从句。Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelove-159- themmuch.②thesame…that…引导定语从句。Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：①意义上：as含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as从句可置句首，也可在另处。Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.11、关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen指时间=in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地点=in/at/from/whichwhy指原因=forwhich当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.12、必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。②强调it无意义，that/who不是引导词。③强调itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定语从句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位语)Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.(定语)（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。-159- ①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。②关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.（句中one为先行词）Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.（句中students为先行词）②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.（NMET2001）A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词thehours和关系词被介词短语tome所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours,并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。2.___________isknowntoeverybody,thenoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2001)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What解析：答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如……”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：asisknown、asissaid、asisreported、asisannounced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。3.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown___________hegrewupasachild.(NMET1996)A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when-159- 解析：答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语thesmalltown,且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。4.TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich解析：答案为C。考定语从句。主句部分应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.从句补全为独立句子应是mystudentsactedintheplay。所以应选inwhich，其余介词不妥。5.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousersshehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that解析：答案为A。本题考地点状语从句，用where引导。句意是“她的裤子上她擦过手的地方有脏痕”。此处不能用时间状语从句，排除C，本题易被误认为考定语从句，意为“在她擦过手的裤子上有脏痕”。定语从句修饰trousers，也只能用where。B和D可引导定语从句，但只作主、宾等成分。定语从句缺少状语，不缺主语、宾语，故不可用。6.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich解析：答案为A。本题考定语从句，关系代词which指代thejourney，定语从句恢复为独立句子应是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days,故选ofwhich。语法复习专题十三——状语从句一、考点聚焦1、时间状语从句（1）as、when、while用法一览表。类别作用例句asas表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/whileShecameupasIwascooking.(同时)Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(几乎同时)-159- 通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指时间点)Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段时间内)whilewhile意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示aperiodoftime时，两者可以互换。Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”)（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：①till,not…until…,until,before,sinceDon’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil(till)itwastwelveo’clock.ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnsfromEngland.②hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,assoonasonce表示“一……就”AssoonasIhavefinishedit,I’llgiveyuacall.Onceyoushowanyfear,hewillattackyou.Wehadhardlygot/Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadhearrived/Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedcomplaining.③directly,immediately,themoment,theminutethat…一……就Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock.④eachtime,everytime,bythetimeEachtimehecametomycity,hewouldcallonme.-159- 注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。2、让步状语从句（1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。Althoughtheyarepoor,(yet)theyarewarm-hearted.（2）evenif或eventhough引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。I’llgetthereevenif(though)Ihavetosellmyhousetogetenoughmoneytogobyair.（3）nomatter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。Don’ttrusthim,nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepublished.Nomatterhowhardtheworkis,you’dbettertrytodoitwell.（4）as也可以引导让步状语从句。要用倒装。Childas(though)heis,heknowsalot.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.3、原因状语从句：because,for,as,since,nowthat（1）表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。YouwanttoknowwhyI’mleaving?I’mleavingbecauseI’mfull.for虽然表示不知道的原因，但其语气较because要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置于主句之后，这时，for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。如：It’smorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）（2）表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。Seeingallofthechildrenalreadyseated,hesaid,“Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstart.”(3)下列情况下只能使用because:①在回答why的问句时；-159- ②在用于强调句型时；③被not所否定时。4、地点状语从句：where,whereverMakeamarkwhereveryouhaveanyquestions.WewillgowherethePartydirectsus.5、目的状语从句：that,sothat,inorderthat注意：目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。6、结果状语从句：that,sothat,so…that,such…that…注意：so+形容词/副词+that从句；such+　名词+that从句。7、方式状语从句：as,asif(though)I’lldoasIamtoldto.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.8、比较状语从句：than,as9、条件状语从句：if,unless,so(as)longas,incase,once,afaras,onconditionthat.注意if与unless的区别：不能用and连接两个unless从句，即不能有…unless…,andunless…。但if…notandif…not却不受此限。Youwon’tloseyourweightunlessyoueatlessandunlessyouexercisemore.(×)但可以说…unlessyoueatlessandexercisemore.10、注意状语从句中从句的省略现象（1）连接词+过去分词Don’tspeakuntilspokento.Pressurecanbeincrasedwhenneeded.Unlessrepaired,thewashingmachineisnouse.（2）连词+　现在分词Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet.（3）连词+形容词/其他常见的有itnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等。二、精典名题导解选择填空-159- 1.Idon’tthinkI’llneedanymoneybutI’llbringsome____________.(NMET2000)A.aslastB.incaseC.onceagainD.intime解析：答案为B。句意为“带些钱以防万一”，只能选择incase。引导的条件状语从句，后面省略了Ishouldneedit。2.TheWTOcan’tliveuptoitsname_________itdoesn’tincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.（NMET2000）A.aslongasB.whileC.ifD.eventhough解析：答案为C。本题考查状语从句的用法。句意为“假如世贸组织不包括占世界人口五分之一的中国的话，那它就名不副实”。aslongas语气过于强烈，while和eventhough不符合句意。3、Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup_________Icouldanswerthephone.(NMET2000)A.asB.sinceC.beforeD.until解析：答案为C。题意为：半夜里有人打来电话，我没来得及就挂了。but暗示在接话前就挂了。4.Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleepmuchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever解析：答案为A。此题考查连词用法，依据结构However+形/副+主语+谓语。故选A。5.HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenotanativespeaker.A.asfluentasB.morefluentthanC.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythan解析：答案为C。此题考查Soadj./adv.As和asadj./adv.As用法，前者主要用于否定句，在这里要修饰谓语动词，故选C。语法复习专题十四——主谓一致和倒装一、考点聚焦1、语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis1,700.-159- MaryandKellylookalike.2、意义上一致（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。Thecrowdwereruningfortheirlives.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。Thenewsisveryexciting.形复意单的单词有new、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、either…or、neither…nor、notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。EitheryouorIammad.4、应注意的若干问题（1）名词作主语。①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。Myfamilyisgoingoutforatrip.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.这类词常有audience、classclub、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。Population和“agroup(crowd)of+复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。③单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.④名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。Myuncle’sisnotforfromhere.常见的省略名词有thebaker’s、thebarbar’s、theZhang’s等。表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：Richardson’shavealotofoldgoodstosell.-159- ⑤当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。Thirtyyearshaspassed.Fiveminutesisenoughtofinishthetask.⑥不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclasshasadictionary.⑦如果主语有morethanone…或manya…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。Morethanonestudenthasseentheplay.Manyaboyhasboughtthatkindoftoy.但是，“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语用复数。⑧一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。但如果主语用akindof、apairof、aseriesof等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.⑨thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书)，其谓语动词；短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)（这一类人），但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数，menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数，allkindsof后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menoftheiskind/sortaredangerous.⑩复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有a、sucha、this、that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。Allofmystudentsworkhard.-159- Alloftheoilisgone.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsanoilpainting.（2）由连接词连接的名词作主语。①用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.②当主语后面跟有aswellas、asmuchas、nolessthan、alongwith、with、like、ratherthan、togetherwith、but、except、besides、including、inadditionto等引导的词组时，采取“就远原则”。③以or、either…or、neigher…nor、notonly…butalso等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。（3）代词作主语。①名词型物主代词连接的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Ours(OurParty)isagreatParty.Yourshoesarewhite,mine(=myshoes)areblack.②such、thesame起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Suchisourplan.Sucharehislastwords.③关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。④疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。Wholivesnextdoor?ItisXiaoLiu.Wholivesnextdoor?ItisWangandLi.⑤不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Nowallhasbeen-159- changed.Allarepresent.（B）其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。Do(es)anyofyouknowabouttheaccident?Noneofushas(have)seenthefilm.（4）分数、量词作主语。①“分数或百分数+　名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如：Lotsofdamagewascausedbyflood.Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountryside.Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.Quantitiesoffood(nuts)werestillonthetable.②agreatdealof、alargeamountof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；largeamountsof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。③表示数量的oneandahalf后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.④halfof、(a)partof修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。(5)名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语由“the+形容词（或分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有therich、thepoor、thebrave、theinjured、theliving、thewounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如theunknown、thebeautiful等。（6）从句作主语。①由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。Whatweneedismoremoney.Whatweneedaremorepeople/teachers.②在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which-159- 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如one前有theonly则用单数形式。Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthathavebeentoldbymyfather.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforclasstoday.（7）不定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式；Therebe句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。Thereisabook,twopensonthedesk.Therearetwopens,abookonthedesk.5、倒装句的要点复习（1）在以there、here、now、then、such引导的，引起人们注意的招呼句要倒装。Theregoesthebell.Herecomesthebus.（2）表示动态的状语，置于句首时，句子要倒装。Offwentthehorse.Incametheboss.Fromthespeakercomesthedoctor’svoice.（3）表示地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时。Southofthetownlietwosteelfactories.Betweenthetwobuildingsstandsatalltree.注意：句子的主语为人称代词时，句子不倒装。Hereitis.Awaytheywent.（4）否定词never、seldom、hardly、scarcely、barely、rarely、little、not、nowhere、bynomeans、atnotime、neither、nor等放在句首时，句子常倒装。如：Bynomeansshallwegiveup.NeverhaveIbeentotheUSA.Seldomdoesshegetuplateinthemorning.（5）在notonly…butalso…nosooner…than…、hardly…when…、scarcely…when…、notuntil…、so…that…、such…that…句型中，主句倒装，从句不倒装，但要注意：neither…nor…连接的句子前后两个分句都要倒装。Notonlyisshesmartbutalsosheisbeautiful.Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethathewaspraised.SoheavyistheboxthatIcan’tcarryit.-159- Neitherhasheapencil,norhasheapen.（6）Only+状语或状语从句+其他（only在句首时要倒装）。OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.（7）so、neither、nor放在句首时，表示前面的情况也适用于另一个人或物时，用部分倒装。（8）表语或状语或动词原形+as/though+主语+其他时，句子要倒装。（在让步状语从句中）（9）虚拟语气中用倒装代替if。WereIyou,Iwouldgothereatonce.Hadyoucomeyesterday,youcouldhavehelpedus.（10）在一些表示祝愿的句子中。LongliveChina!二、精典名题导解选择填空1.—Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,_________togotouniversity.—SodoI.(上海1998)A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped解析：答案为B。本题考查主谓一致中的意义一致原则，不定代词either、neither、each、one、theother、another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义一致的原则采用单数形式，排除A。选项C是非谓语动词的一种，不能单独作谓语，亦应排除。根据答语中的时态又可排除选项D。2.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_________fifty,butanumberofthem__________absentfordifferentreasons.（NMET1996）A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were解析：答案为C。本题考查thenumberof和anumberof的区别。“thenumberof+复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是number,“anumberof+复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是of后的复数名词或代词，故谓语动词分别用单、复数。解题关键在于仔细区分哪个是真正的主语。3.—Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.—_______,and__________.(上海1997)-159- A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave解析：答案为B。本题考查倒装知识。“So+主语+助动词”表“确实如此”，“So+助动词+主语”表“也一样。”4.—Iwouldneverevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!—.A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI解析：答案为B。本题主要考倒装，以so/nor/neither开头的倒装句子，在时态、语态、助动词、情态动词等谓语形式上，要尽可能与上文一致，故选B，排除A、D。如说“It’sthesamewithme”也可，但不能省略“the”。5.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe解析：答案为A。本题考查主谓一致及时态知识，句子的主语是theteacher,后面跟with结构表补充说明，谓语应该与最前面的主语，即theteacher一致，应用单数，又因事情发生在地震的时候，因此应该用过去进行时。6.snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicinforest.A.NotonlytheybroughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring解析：答案为B。此题考查倒装句的用法notonly…but等有否定意义的连词及副词位于句首，句子使用部分倒装，故选B。语法复习专题十五——it的用法一、考点聚焦1、it的基本用法（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。Thetrainhasarrived.Itarrivedhalfanhourago.-159- （2）用以代替提示代词this,that。—What’sthis?—It’saknife.—Whosewatchisthat?—It’smine.（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It’sme.（4）指环境情况等。Itwasverynoisy(quiet)attheverymoment.（5）指时间、季节等。—Whattimeisit?—It’seighto’clock.Itoftenrainsinsummerhere.（6）指距离。Itisalongwaytotheschool.（7）作形式主语。Itisnoteasytofinishtheworkintwodays.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisaspitythatyoudidn’treadthebook.（8）作形式宾语。Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthatsubject.（9）用于强调结构。ItwasXiaomingwhom(that)Imetinthestreetlastnight.ItwasinthestreetthatImetXiaominglastnight.ItwslastnightthatImetXiaominginthestreet.ItwasIwhometXiaominginthestreetlastnight.2、含有“Itis…”的句型（1）Itistime(forsb.)todosth.Itis(high)timethatsb.didsth.(虚拟语气)（2）Itis+形容词（+of/forsb.）+todosth.通常用 of的词有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、-159- stupid、foolish、wise等。（3）Itis+形容词+that+sb.+(should)dosth.（虚拟语气）能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。如：Itisimportantthatweshouldpaycloseattentiontograin.Itisnaturalthathe（should）sayso.（4）Itisnouse/good+doingsth.Itisnousetryingagain=Itisofnousetotryagain.（5）Itis+被强调部分+that/who+…Wasitinthestreetthatyoumether?Whowasitthatcalledhim“comrade”?ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatImetmyoldfriend.Itisinasmallfactorythatmybrotherisgoingtowork.（注意上述各句均为强调句型的“考点”）比较：Itisasmallfactorywheremybrotherisgoingtowork.（定语从句）（6）Itissaid/reported/announced/(well)known…that…（7）Itis/was+时间+since…从……已多久了。ItisthreeyearssinceImethiminBeijing.ItwasalongtimesinceI(had)livedinthatsmallmountainvillagewiththesefarmers.（注意两句中的时态）ItisfivemonthssinceIarrivedinNewYork.我到纽约已经五个月了。ItisfivemonthssinceIwasinNewYork.我离开纽约已经五个月了。（注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。）（8）Itis+时间+before…这个句型和上面句型中时间都是时间段，如long、years、months、weeks、fivedays、threehours、twentyminutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。Itwillbeseveralyearsbeforewemeetagain.我们要过好几年才能再见面。-159- Itwasnotlongbeforetheysetoutforthefront.不久他们就出发去了前线。（9）Itis/was/willbethefirst/second/third…timethat…ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.Itwasthesecondtimethathehadseenthefilm.（10）Itisuptosb.todosth…应由某人做某事。Itisuptoyoutodecidewhetherwestartornot.二、精典名题导解选择填空1._________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It解析：答案为D。本题考查作形式主语的用法。that引导的从句是真正的主语。为避免头重脚轻而平衡句子结构，将it置于句首作形式主语。2.Ihopethereareenoughglasseforeachguesttohave________.(NMET1995)A.itB.thoseC.themD.one解析：答案为D。本题考查替代词it和one的区别。it用于替代同类的、特定的、同一的事物；one替代同类的、泛指的人或物。根据题意“我希望有足够的杯子使每个客人有一个。”可知应用one泛指enoughglasses中的一个。3.Was__________thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself解析：答案为A。本题考查强调句型的疑问式。只须将句序变为陈述句便不难得出答案。4.Itwasbackhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn’tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn’tgo解析：答案为C。此题考查的是not…until句型的强调结构，其最根本结构是：Hedidnotgobackhomeaftertheexperiment.①,把①转变为Notuntilmidnightdidhegobackhomeaftertheexperiment.②,注意②中的倒装结构，把②中划线部分放在强调结构Itbe被强调部分that…中进行强调，但注意that从句后面不用倒装形式。-159- w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mwww.ks5u.com第一章名词一、基础练习1、Thereareonlytwelve______  inthehospital.A．womandoctors  B．womendoctorsC．womendoctor    D．womandoctor2、MrSmithhastwo_______  ,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.A．brothers-in-law  B．brother-in-lawsC．brothers-in-laws  D．brothers-inlaw3、——Howmany______  doesacowhave?——Four.A．stomachesB．stomach  C．stomachs  D．stomachies4、Some  ______  visitedourschoollastWednesday.A．German  B．Germen  C．Germans  D．Germens5、The  _______ofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof  .A．roofs;leavesB．rooves;leafsC．roof;leaf  D．roofs;leafs6、Whenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree  _______missing.A．sheeps  B．sheepes  C．sheep  D．sheepies7、Thatwasafifty  _______engine.A．horsepower    B．horsespowerC．horsepowers    D．horsespowers8、Myfatheroftengivesme______  .A．manyadviceB．muchadviceC．alotofadvicesD．afewadvice9、Marybrokea______  whileshewaswashingup.A．teacup  B．acupofteaC．tea’scup  D．cuptea10、Canyougiveussome______  aboutthewriter?A．informations    B．informationC．pieceofinformations  D．piecesinformation11、Ihadacupof_____  andtwopiecesof  _____thismorning.A．teas;bread    B．teas;breadsC．tea;breads    D．tea;bread12、Asisknowntousall,  ______travelsmuchfasterthan______  .A．lights;sounds    B．light;soundC．sound;light    D．sounds;lights13、Shetoldhimofallher___and____ -159-  .A．hope;fear    B．hopes;fearC．hopes;fears    D．hope;fears14、Therising_____  didalotof____  tothecrops.A．water;harm    B．water;harmsC．waters;harm    D．waters;harms15、Howfarawayisitfromheretoyourschool?  It’sabout______  .A．halfanhour’sdrive  B．halfhoursdrivesC．halfanhourdrives  D．halfanhourdrive16、Theshirtisn’tmine.It’s_____  .A．MrsSmith    B．Mrs’SmithC．MrsSmiths’    D．MrsSmith’s17、MissJohnsonisafriendof_______  .A．Mary’smother  B．Mary’smothers’C．Marymother’s  D．Mary’smother’s18、LastweekIcalledatmy_____  .A．aunt  B．aunts  C．aunt’s  D．auntes’19、Thebeachisa______  throw.A．stone  B．stones  C．stones’  D．stone’s20、Icanhardlyimagine  ____  sailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A．Peter’  B．Peter  C．Peters  D．Peters二、提高练习1.Itwon’tmakemuch________whetheryouagreeornot.A.difficultyB.troubleC.differenceD.matter2.Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingthe________ofhowlifebegan.A.causeB.problemC.reasonD.puzzle3.Youmustgettherewithinanhour.Thereshouldbeno___insendingthisinformationtohim.A.questionB.problemC.quarrelD.delay4.Ican’tgiveyouthecardwithoutSmith’s________.A.agreementB.allowingC.permissionD.perfomance5.Whatimpressedmemostwasthattheyneverlost________.A.-159- heartsB.heartC.theirheartD.theirhearts6.ThoughIspoketohimmanytimes,henevertookany________ofwhatIsaid.A.remarkB.observation　C.attentionD.notice7.Iwenttobuya________ofChinaDaily.A.pieceB.sheetC.lotD.copy8.ShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst________.A.intentionB.purposeC.attemptD.desire9.Thereareusuallyatleasttwo________oflookingateveryquestion.A.meansB.directionsC.viewsD.ways10.Wehaveworkedouttheplanandnowwemustputitinto________.A.factB.realityC.practiceD.deed11.Sheisyoungforthejob,butontheother________,sheiswelltrained.A.wayB.situationC.chanceD.hand12.Themostimportant________ofhisspeechwasthatweshouldallworkwhole-heartedlyforthepeople.A.pointB.senseC.spotD.view13.---I’dlike________informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.---Well,youcouldhave________wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.A.some;aB.an;-159- someC.some;someD.an;a14.Hetoldmehehadbeenofferedaverywell-paid________.A.businessB.serviceC.workD.position15.Eachplayermustobey________,whoistheleaderoftheteam.A.captainB.acaptain　C.thecaptainD.captains16.Itwas________thathehadtoaskforhelp.A.suchbigaworkB.asobigjobC.asobigworkD.suchabigjob17.Hedroppedthe________andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup18.What________!Wheredidyougetthem?A.bigfishB.abigfishC.apieceofbigfishD.bigafish19.Heleft________withmysecretarythathewouldcallagainintheafternoon.Hesaidhewouldkeep________.A.words;hiswordsB.word;hiswordC.word;wordD.theword;hiswords20.Thenewlawwillcomeinto________onthedayitispassed.A.effectB.useC.serviceD.existence21.Weheldapartyin________ofourAustralianteacher,Meggi.A.prizeB.honorC.praiseD.pride22.---Tom,willyouboysplaysoldiersoutside?There’snotenough________foryouboys-159- here.---Butwecanplayinthenext________,can’twe?A.places;placeB.room;roomC.rooms;spaceD.house;rooms23.---Isthisbridgemadeof________?---Yes,itismadeof2300huge________.A.stone;stoneB.stones;stonesC.stone;stonesD.stones;stone24.---Mum,I’mgoingtovisitmyaunt.Whataboutaweek?---Aweekistoolong.Trytobebackina________ofdays.A.numberB.dozenC.fewD.couple25.Mrs.Greentriedhardtofindajobbutshehadno________.A.luckB.timeC.hopeD.chance26.Hisdaughterisalwaysshyin________andsheneverdarestomakeaspeechto________.A.thepublic;thepublicB.public;thepublicC.thepublic;publicD.public;public27.Fast-foodrestaurantsare________tousall.A.ofmanyhelpsB.agreathelpC.greathelpsD.muchhelp28.Theseyoungpeoplearenowmakinganactive________tobeautify(美化)ourcity.A.partB.effortC.decisionD.plan29.---WhatyoulikemaynotbewhatIlike.---Yes,oneman’smealisanotherman’s________.A.poisonB.medicineC.-159- mealD.food30.Hesaidthattwo________wouldcometoourschoolthenextday.A.womanscientistB.womenscientistC.womanscientistsD.womenscientists31.My________all________hardforthepeople.A.family;workB.family;works　　C.families;workD.families;works32.Dr.Jonesordered________forthelaboratory.A.twoequipmentsB.twopiecesofequipmentsC.twopiecesofequipmentD.twoequipmentpieces33.---Wherehaveyoubeen?---I’vebeento________.A.theTurnersB.theTurner"s　C.Mr.Turners"D.theTurners"34.Manychildrenhavetoseethefilmsfor________．A.grown-upB.growns-up　C.grown-upsD.growns-ups35.Itoldaboutsomeoftheterrible________Ihadhadinthewar.A.experienceB.experiences　　C.experiencingD.experiencedthings36.Thetableisonly________high.A.two-footB.two-159- foot　C.two-feetD.twofeet37.ThesedaysIemployedtwo________inmyhouse.A.man-servantsB.men-servant　　C.man-servantD.men-servants38.That"s________.A.JamesandCharlesfatherB.JamesandCharles"sfatherC.James"sandCharles"sfatherD.James"sandCharlesfather39.________ispublisheddaily.A.TimeB.TimesC.TheTimeD.TheTimes40.Therearemany________inbig________.A.ladiesdriver;citysB.ladydrivers;citiesC.ladiesdrivers,citiesD.ladiesdriver;city参考答案：一、1、B  2、A3、C  stomach（胃）虽是“ch”结尾，但其发音为[k]，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。4、C    5、A  roof,chief,gulf,belief等词的复数形式，直接加“s”。6、C    7、A  名词作定语一般不用复数。8、B9、A  根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加“’s”。10、B  11、D  12、B  13、C  14、C  15、A16、D  根据上句，此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。17、D  18、C    19、D  astone’sthrow是固定短语，意为“近在咫尺”。20、B  此句中Peter作动名词sailing的所有格，本应用Peter’s，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此B为正确答案。二、1~20:-159- CADCBDDCDCDAADCDDABA21~40:BBCDABBBADACDCBDABDB第二章代词一、基础练习1.——Whichofthetwodictionarieswillyouborrow?——I’llborrow_____,forthedifferentuses.      A.all      B.both      C.either      D.neither2._____ofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.A.Each      B.Any      C.Noone      D.None3.Wecouldn’teatinarestaurantbecause_____ofushad_____moneyonus.      A.all;no    B.any;no    C.none;any    D.noone;any4.Theywereallverytired,but_____ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.  A.neither    B.none      C.some        D.any5.ThereisaNo.2trolleybusandaNo.24bus;_____willtakeyouthere.  A.both      B.either    C.all        D.any6.Aswewereasleep,_____ofusheardthesound.  A.both      B.none      C.either      D.any7.——WhichofthefivemayIuse?  ——Oh,____.  A.anyone    B.anyone    C.anything    D.nothing8.——Arethetwoanswerscorrect?  ——No,_____correct.    A.nooneis  B.botharenotC.neitheris    D.eitherisnot9.Iaskedhimforsomeoil,buthehadn’t  _____.    A.any      B.some      C.no        D.anything10.YouhavethreeEnglishdictionaries,butIhaveonlytwo_____.    A.ones      B.不填      C.theone      D.theones11.IhaveacolourTVset.Iwanttosell____.    A.one      B.theone    C.that        D.it12.Thisfilmisnotsogoodas_____wesawlastweek.    A.that      B.it        C.theone      D.one13._____ofusmustgothereandhelphimout.    A.Oneorother            B.Onebyone    C.Oneortheother        D.Oneoranother14.Weallfelt_____tobethehighestpraise.    A.it        B.that      C.thatone    D.theone15.Haven’tyouread_____Englishstorices?Pleasetellusaninterestingone.    A.any      B.all      C.either      D.some16.——Wouldyoulike_____dumplings?  ——No,thanks.    A.some      B.another    C.any        D.all17.Ifthereis_____chance,Iwilltry-159- another.    A.one      B.any        C.some      D.all18.——Are_____heretotakethecollegeentranceexam?  ——Yes,we_____.    A.allyou;areall        B.youall;allare    C.allofyou;areall      D.youofall;allare19.MrGreengavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadalready  takenthem.    A.one      B.theones      C.some      D.theothers20.——Haveyoueverseenasnakealive?  ——Yes,I’veseen_____.        A.that      B.so          C.one      D.it21.—Lily,doyouhaveanumbrella?Itisrainingoutside.—Yes,butit’s_____.      A.smallone  B.smallumbrella  C.onlyasmallone  D.thatone    22.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard,but_____didn’thelp      A.this      B.which        C.any      D.it23.——Haveyougot_____redink?    ——Sorry,Ihaven’tgot_____.    A.some;some  B.any;many    C.some;any  D.any;some24.Ipreferastreetinasmalltownto_____insuchalargecityasShanghai.    A.that      B.it          C.this      D.one25.SaradhasreadalotofstoriesbyAmericanwriters.Nowshewouldliketoread_____storiesbywritersfrom_____countries.        A.some;any  B.other;some    C.some;other  D.other;other26.——Is_____here?——No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.    A.anybody    B.somebody      C.everybody  D.nobody27.Ourheadmasteradvisedusthatinordertosucceedinlife,onehastobehonestwith_____friends.      D.our    A.their      B.her        C.one’s28.Iborrowedsomebooks_____myself,butwhenIwasgoingtoreadthem,thelampwentout_____itselfandIhadtositinthedark_____myself.    A.不填;for;by  B.by;for;of    C.for;of;by  D.of;不填；by29.WhenIfirstsawtheoldfarmer,Icouldhardlyimagine_____inventedthemachinetopickcotton.    A.himself    B.hehimself    C.heforhimselfD.hebyhimself30.Itisimpossibleforallthepeopletogetthejob,because_____ofthemarenotfitforit.    A.allof    B.noneof      C.eachof    D.everyoneof二、提高练习1.Let_____promisenottoquarrelaboutsuchanunimportantmatteranymore.A.youandI    B.Iandyou    C.yoursandme    D.youandme2.___is___familythatthevillagersalladmireit.A.It,suchanunited    B.His,suchaunited    C.Her’s,souniteda    D.Theirs,soanunited3.---Areyougoingtobuytheblueshoes?---No,Ilike___redonesoverthere.A.these    B.those    C.this    D.their4.---Ifeelabithungry?    ---Whydon’tyouhave___bread?A.any    B.little    C.some    D.a5.---HaveyouacolorTV?  ---Yes,Ihaveagood-159- ___.A.it    B.one    C.that    D.ones6.---Idislike____whenotherslaughatmeinpublicorspeakillofmebehind.---SodoI.A.them    B.those    C.it    D.that7.Isthisskirt___shelikesbest?A.one    B.that    C.theone    D.which8.---Howmanyelephantsdidyousee?    ---________.A.None    B.Noone    C.Notmanyones    D.Nomany9.I’dratherrideabikeasbikeridinghas____ofthetroubleoftakingbuses.A.much    B.all    C.neither    D.none10.Shewasleftalone,with___tolookafterher.A.someone    B.anyone    C.notone    D.noone11.___ofusknowsthereasonwhywinteriscolderthansummer.A.Everyone    B.Everyone    C.Someone    D.All12.Somepeopleareagainsttheplan,but___supportit.A.manymore    B.muchmore    C.nomore    D.anymore13.MaryandJoneshavearrived,but____studentsintheclassaren’thereyet.A.other    B.theother    C.theothers    D.others14.Thestreetisbeautiful,fortherearetreeson___.A.neitherside    B.eitherside    C.bothside    D.allsides15.---WhichofthetwoItalianfilmsdoyoulikebetter?---____,becausetheyaremeaningless.A.Both    B.Either    C.None    D.Neither16.Thethievesfledthetownseparately,____carryingabag.A.all    B.each    C.every    D.either17.____anEnglishChinesedictionary.A.Thestudentseachhave      B.ThestudentseachhasC.Eachthestudenthas    D.Eachofthestudenthas18.Hecomestoseehisaunt___threeweeks.A.every    B.each    C.any    D.per19.Whereshallwebein_____tenyears?A.other    B.that    C.another    D.nothing20.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar__hedied?A.that    B.while    C.inwhich    D.then21.Canadaislargerthan____countryinAsia.A.any    B.anyother    C.other    D.another22.Does___matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.this    B.that    C.he    D.it23.___wronggoinginbythebackdoor.A.I’m    B.It’s    C.That’s    D.We’re24.Weplayedseveralmatchesagainstthevisitors,butunfortunatelylost____.A.one’s    B.everyone    C.everyone    D.someone25.Iboughtthem_____.A.aneachicecream    B.aneveryicecream-159- C.eachanicecream    D.eachicecream26.Idon’tknowwhichbookisbetter,Ishallread___.A.all    B.both    C.more    D.none27.NewEnglish-ChineseDictionaryhasbeenrepublishedseveraltimes,____moreuptodatethanthelastedition.A.any    B.everyone    C.either    D.each28.Afterpaying1,000dollars____,you’llallbecomefullmembersofourclub.A.each    B.all    C.every    D.both29.____washercrueltythatweallhatedher.A.It    B.What    C.That    D.Such30.Maryhasbeenillinbedforaweek.Iwonderifsheis____betternow.A.much    B.some    C.any    D.very31.—Whichofthesetwotieswillyoutake?　—Idon"tlikethese.Doyouhaveany_____?A.one    B.other    C.ones    D.others32.Ineedsomeblueinktodaybutthereis____athand.A.not    B.nothing    C.alittle    D.none33.—Shallweintroduce____fire-fightingequipmentfromabroad?　—Goahead,ifnecessary.A.other    B.afewmore    C.another    D.someother34.I"vejustseennomorethanonecopyofGonewiththeWindinthebookshopopposite.Tom,goandbuy____back.A.one    B.any    C.it    D.some35.Cuttheappleintohalvessothatthetwinsmayeachget____half.A.every    B.each    C.another    D.either36.Thechildrenwerecatchingbutterfliesinthegarden.Somecaughtalot,andotherscaught____atall.A.nothing    B.none    C.noone    D.neither37.—Ishecontenttoacceptourofferedprice?　—Yes.Hecaresmoreaboutthequality.Moneyis____tohim.A.everything    B.anything    C.nothing    D.something38.—Iloveyoumorethanher,child.　—Youmeanmorethan___loveherormorethansheloves____?A.you,me    B.I.you    C.you,you    D.I,me39.Surelyit"s___withthebignoseyoumean,not____!A.he,I    B.him,me    C.him,I    D.he,me40.___ofuscandoeverything,butallofuscando___.A.None,something    B.Some,everything    C.Few,something    D.Few,nothing参考答案：一、1－5BDCBB    6－10  BACAB  11－15  DCABD  16－20ABBBC21－25  CDCDC      26－30CCCBA二、1-10:  DBBCB  CCADD  11-20:  AABBD  BAACA21-30:  ADBBC  BDADC  31-40:  DDDCD  BCABA-159- 第三章形容词和副词一、基础练习1.IfIhad＿＿＿,I’dvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.　　A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholiday　　C.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenough2.Theseorangestaste＿＿＿.  A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell3.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard＿＿＿.　　A.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoice  C.thebestvoiceD.abettervoice4.I’dbe＿＿＿,ifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.　　A.pleasantB.grateful  C.satisfiedD.helpful5.ThoseT-shirtsareusually＄35each,buttodaytheyhavea(an)＿＿＿priceof＄19intheshoppingcenter.　　A.regularB.specialC.cheapD.ordinary6.MrSmithboughta＿＿＿purseforhiswife.A.smallblackleatherB.blackleathersmallC.smallleatherblackD.blacksmallleather7.——Howwasyourjobinterview?——Oh,Icouldn’tfeel＿＿＿.Ihardlyfoundproperanswerstomostofthequestionstheyasked.　　A.betterB.easierC.worseD.happier8.Longjingtea,JasmineteaandWuyiteaareallfamous,butwhichdoyouthink＿＿＿＿＿?　　A.tastesbestB.smellsmost  C.soundsbestD.drinksmostly9.——CanLiHuahelpmewithmyEnglish?　——IregrettotellyouherEnglishis＿＿＿＿＿yours.A.asgoodasB.nomorethan  C.nobetterthanD.asmuchas10.Althoughhesometimesloseshistemper,hisstudentslikehim＿＿＿＿＿forit.　　A.notsomuchB.notsolittleC.nomoreD.noless11.Whentheycamein,MrHarris＿＿＿＿＿＿likeababy.　Nobodywouldliketowakehimfromagooddream,becauseheneededrest.　　A.fellasleepB.wassoundasleepC.gotasleepD.wenttosleep12.Thisyeartheyhaveproduced＿＿＿grain＿＿＿theydidlastyear.　　A.asless；asB.asfew；asC.less；thanD.fewer；than13.——CanIhelpyou?　——Well,I’mafraidtheboxis＿＿＿heavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too14.——Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum?　——Ithoroughlyenjoyit.Itwas＿＿＿＿＿thanIexpected.　　A.farmoreinterestingB.evenmuchinteresting　　C.sofarinterestingD.alotmuchinteresting15.——Wouldyoulikesomewine?——Yes,just＿＿＿＿＿.　　A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.littlebit16.Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain；it’s＿＿＿＿byroad.　　A.quickB.thequickest  C.muchquickD.quicker17.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave＿＿＿at-159- school.　A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime18.I’msurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)＿＿＿＿＿trick.　　A.ordinaryB.easyC.smartD.simple19.Thesalesmanshowedherseveralbagsandshechose＿＿＿oneasshedidn’twanttospendtoomuchmoneyonit.　　A.thelessexpensiveB.lessexpensive  C.theleastexpensiveD.leastexpensive20.＿＿＿＿＿boxcannotbeliftedbyaboyoffive.　　A.SoaheavyB.Soheavya  C.AsuchheavyD.Suchheavya21.Ifthemanagerhadtochoosebetweenthetwo,hewouldsayJohnwas＿＿＿choice.　　A.goodB.thebestC.betterD.thebetter22.Itwas＿＿＿＿＿latetocatchabusaftertheparty,thereforewecalledataxi.　　A.tooveryB.muchtoo  C.toomuchD.far23.Greenland,＿＿＿＿＿islandintheworld,coverseventwomillionsquarekilometers.　　A.itisthelargestB.thatisthelargestC.isthelargestD.thelargest24.——Mum,IthinkI’m＿＿＿＿＿togetbacktoschool.　　——Notreally,mydear.You’dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.　　A.sowellB.sogood  C.wellenoughD.goodenough25.DraculaandFrankensteinare＿＿＿＿＿filmcharacters.　　A.frightenB.frightened  C.frighteningD.frightenly26.Whentheyheardthebadnews,theyalllooked＿＿atthemasterandfeltquite＿＿.　　A.sad；sadB.sadly；sadly  C.sad；sadlyD.sadly；sad27.Thestormkeptme＿＿＿＿＿allthroughthenight.　　A.awakeB.awokeC.awakedD.awoken28.——Whatdoyouthinkoftheconcert?——Oh,itwas＿＿＿＿＿success.　　A.averyB.quiteaC.soD.really29.My＿＿＿＿＿brotheristwoyears＿＿＿＿＿thanI.　　A.older；olderB.elder；older  C.older；elderD.elder；elder30.Ihaven’tseen＿＿＿＿＿thissinceIcollectedstamps.　A.asoldastampasB.soanoldstampasC.stampasoldasD.asanoldstampas二、提高练习1.Toplantthetree,wemustdig_____.    A.athreefeetdeephole        B.three-foot-deepahole    C.aholethreefeetdeep        D.athree-feet-deephole2.Ithinkheisoneofthebestmenyou"ve____found.A,never    B.already    C.ever    D.once3.____theboy’sgrown!Heisalmost___hisfather.A.What,astallas    B.What,tallerthan    C.How,astallas    D.How,tallerthan4.Ihaven’tgot____nailstomendthecupboard.Ineedanotherthreeofthem.A.enoughbig    B.bigenough    C.muchbigger    D.manyenough5.Henryknowslittleofphysics_________ofchemistry.A.aswellas    B.nolessthan    C.andstillmore    D.andstillless6.—Thedishis-159- delicious!　—Well,atleastit"s___theoneIcookedyesterday.A.asbadas    B.noworsethan    C.aswellas    D.nobetterthan7.—Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforapicnic?　—Yes.Youcouldn"thopefor____atthistimeoftheyear.A.aniceday    B.theniceday    C.anicerday    D.thenicestday8.ItmakesThomasnobetter,anditmakesyou____A.best    B.good    C.well    D.worse9.Withthehelpofthenewequipment,ourfactoriesproduced___VCDplayersin2000astheyearbefore.A.asmanyastwice    B.twicemorethan    C.astwicemany    D.twiceasmany10.Ihadinvited50gueststotheparty,butactuallytwice____came.A.morethan    B.asmany    C.asmuch    D.lessthan11.—Whydidn"tyougotothecinemalastnight?　—Itwassomething____interesting.A.farless    B.moreorless    C.muchmore    D.anyfurther12.ThepopulationofmanyAlaskancitieshas_____doubledinthepastfiveyears.A.largerthan    B.morethan    C.asgreatlyas    D.asmuchas13.—Thisisagoodplaceforapicnic.　—Yes,itcouldn"tbe____.A.better    B.best    C.worst    D.worse14.—HowdoyoulikeyourteacherofEnglish?　—Well,nooneteaches_____here.A.well    B.poorly    C.best    D.better15.InthepoorpartsofAmerica"sbigcitiesthereisalotofcrime,_____.A.andmuchofitisserious    B.muchofitisseriousC.andmanymoreisserious    D.moreofitisserious16.—Doyoulikecats?—Ofcourse.Theyare____akindofpet.Theycandomuchgoodfortheirmasters.A.betterthan    B.morethan    C.nomorethan    D.nobetterthan17.Thenewly-builttheatreis____theoldone.A.astwicebigas        B.twicemorebiggerthanC.twicethesizeof        D.twicesobigas18.I"mafraidthatyourconclusionis____fromcorrect.A.far    B.free    C.different    D.short19.Thankyouverymuch.It"s____ofyou.A.kindest    B.amostkind    C.themostkind    D.mostkind20.Whoeverisnever_____withtheprogresshehasmadewillbeasuccess.A.content    B.proud    C.praised    D.enough21.Myteacherhasthreebrothers,all_____thanhe.  George,_____,isanofficer.A.elder,theeldest    B.old,theoldest    C.elder,theoldone    D.older,theeldest22.Youshouldn"tbetoo___aboutthingsyouarenotsupposedtoknow.A.strange    B.amusing    C.curious    D.-159- conscious23.Thenewresearchteamwasledbythe____engineer.A.main    B.major    C.chief    D.primary24.TheseT-shirtsareusually$35eachbuttodaytheyhavea___priceof$19intheshoppingcentre.A.regular    B.special    C.cheap    D.particular25.Itisagoodwayforustomemorizenewwordsbyseeingthem_____.A.properly    B.repeatedly    C.clearly    D.usually26.—Whydidshespendsomuchtimesearchingshopaftershopforablouse?　—Oh,shewasvery____aboutherclothes,A.special    B.particular    C.especial    D.unusual27.Footballfansare_____youngpeoplebetweentheagesoffifteenandtwenty.A.most    B.almost    C.mostly    D.atmost28.It’svery_____tolettheoldhaveseatsonthebus.A.thoughtful    B.useful    C.careful    D.funny29.—Mr.Zhang,canItalktoyou____aboutmycomposition?　—Sure.HowaboutThursdayafternoon?A.somewhere    B.somehow    C.sometime    D.sometimes30.Theearlytrainis____toleaveatfiveinthemorning.A.possible    B.due    C.probable    D.sure31.Heenjoysacupofcoffeesometimes,but____hedrinkstea.A.most    B.almost    C.nearly    D.mostly32.It’s_____necessaryforpeopletoknowtheimportanceofprotectingallthewildlife.A.very    B.rather    C.quite    D.too33.Theseplasticflowerslookso___thatmanypeoplethinktheyarereal.A.natural    B.similar    C.splendid    D.fresh34.—HowcanIgettotheisland?　—Youcan"tgetthere___byswimming.A.morethan    B.otherthan    C.ratherthan    D.lessthan35.    Ofthetwopictures,theleftonelooks______atadistance.    A.thebetter    B.thebest    C.alittlegood    D.better36.    Ifyouwishtostudyhard,youmustseefilms_____.    A.moreoften    B.oftener    C.lessoften    D.feweroften37.—Let"stakeawalkbeforelunch.  —Oh,Ithinkit"s_____forwalking.    A.muchtoohot    B.toomuchhot    C.verymuchhot    D.verymuchheat38.Iboughta_____tablethedaybeforeyesterday.    A.smallroundwooden        B.smallwoodenround    C.roundwoodensmall        D.roundsmallwooden39.Itwasawonderthat_____littlefoodsaved_____manylivesduringthewar.    A.so,such    B.such,so    C.so,so    D.such,such40.Nursesarerequiredtolookafter_____.    A.sickandwound        B.sickandwounded    C.thesickandwound    D.thesickandwounded参考答案：一、1.A2.A-159- 3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.A9.C10.D　　11.B12.C13.D14.A　　15.C。用alittle表示“少许”。　　16.D。题意为“乘火车去那儿要花很长时间；乘汽车更快些。”　　17.D。题意为“假如没有考试的话，我们在学校就会更快乐。”暗含比较的意味，故选D。　　18.D。题意为“你竟然被这么一个简单的花招所骗，真令我吃惊。”trick“计谋，花招，诡计”。　　19.C。题意为“因为她不想花太多的钱买袋子，故挑了一个最便宜的。”　　20.B。表示“如此重的箱子”可以用“soheavyabox”或“suchaheavybox”。　　21.D。两者中较好的一个应用the＋better。　　22.B。本题为“too...to”结构；muchtoo修饰形容词、副词，而toomuch修饰不可数名词或单独使用。　　23.D。thelargestislandintheworld为Greenland的同位语。　　24.C。表示“身体健康的”用well。　　25.C。表示“令人感到恐怖的”，用frightening；表示“（人）感到恐怖的”，用frightened。26.D。修饰lookat用sadly；feel为系动词，用sad作表语。　　27.A。awake是形容词作宾补。　　28.B。quitea,quitesome用以指人或物不寻常，如Wehadquiteaparty.（我们的聚会不一般。）Itmustbequitesomecar.（那辆车可不比寻常。）29.B。指兄弟姐妹中“年长的、年龄较大的”用elder；而表示“年龄比……大”则用older。30.A。表示“象这么旧的邮票”可用以下形式表达：asoldastampasthis；astampasoldasthis；否定句中前一个as可用so。二、1-10:CCCAD  BCDDB  11-20:ABADA  BCADA21-30:DCCBB  BCACB  31-40:DCABA  CAACD第四章数词选择填空1.265is____________.A.twohundredsandsixty–five        B.twohundredandsixty–fiveC.twoandsixty–five                D.twohundredssixtyfive2.______,therewillbe_______onthestreets,takingpartinthecelebration.A.October1;millionspeople        B.InOctoberfirst;millionspeopleC.OnOctoberthefirst;millionsofpeople    D.OnOctoberone;millionpeople3.Hehasbeenherefor_______.A.oneandahalfmonths            B.oneandthehalfmonthsC.oneandahalfmonth            D.oneandahalfofmonth4.Theredshoescost___________.A.onepoundandahalfofpound    B.oneandahalfpoundC.onepoundandahalf            D.onepoundandhalfapound5.Thistookplacein______.A.a1030’s      B.1930s          C.the1930s’        D.the1930s6.Theheroofthestoryisanartistinhis______.A.thirtieth        B.thirty          C.thirty’s          D.thirties7.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced_______tractorsin1988astheyear-159- before.A.astwicemany    B.asmanytwice    C.twiceasmany    D.twicemanyas8.Thisriveris_____thatone.A.asthreetimeslongas            B.thethirdtimeasC.threetimesthelengthof            D.threetimeslonger9.WearrivedinLondonon_____.A.Juneseventeen                    B.JunetheseventeenC.TheseventeenthofJune            D.seventeenthofJune10.Wearetotakeup(开始学习)______today.A.theEleventhLesson                B.EleventhLessonC.TheLessonEleven                D.LessontheEleven11.Wearegoingtolearn________nextweek.A.LessonTwelveB.LessonTwelfth    C.TwelfthLesson    D.TheLessonTwelfth12._______wereblowndowninthestorm.A.Scoreoftree  B.Scoresoftrees    C.Scoreoftrees        D.Scoresoftree13.Hesold_____ofthemagazinethisafternoon.A.threedozencopy            B.threedozenscopyC.threedozencopies        D.threedozenscopies14.Thelibrarianaskedhimtoreturnthebook_______.A.inonedayortwo                B.foroneortwodaysC.withinonedayortwodays        D.inadayortwo15.Weheardthathecouldswim______underthewater.A.oneminuteortwo                B.oneortwominutesC.twominutesorone                D.twooroneminute16.Two_____diedofcoldlastwinter.A.hundredsoldpeople            B.hundredoldpeopleC.hundredsoldpeoples        D.hundredoldpeoples17.--“Howmanychairsarethereintheroom?”  --“_______”A.Arefour      B.Arefivechairsthere    C.There’sone    D.There’sachair19.Heisastudentof_______.A.ClassFirst        B.theClassOne    C.ClassOne        D.FirstClass20.About______oftheworkersinthesteelworkersareyoungpeople.A.third–fifths        B.three–fifths    C.three–fives        D.three–fifth21.“The______Night”isawell–knownplaybyShakespeare.A.Twelve        B.Twelveth    C.Twelfth            D.Twelvth22.Oct.1,1989is______anniversary(周年纪念)ofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.  A.theforth    B.thefourtieth    C.thefortiethD.fourty23.One–fourthofanhouris______.A.25.minutes    B.15minute        C.30minutes        D.aquarter24.Three–fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth______sea.A.is        B.are      C.were        D.hasbeen25.AboutelevenpercentofthepopulationintheUnitedStates_____black.A.is        B.are          C.were          D.willbe26.Several______ago,ourcountrywascoveredbythickforestes.A.millionofyear    B.millionyear    C.millionsyears        D.millionsof-159- years27.Therewereseven______Negroesworkingonthefarm.A.hundreds        B.hundredof    C.hundredsof        D.hundred28.Anew____buildingwillbecompletedsoon.A.twenty–storey’s    B.twenty–storeys’  C.twenty–stories  D.twenty–storeyed29.MygrandpaisstudyingJapanese,thoughheis______.A.inhiseighty    B.overeighty    C.morethaneighties    D.ineighties30.Arethereseatsforus____?A.thethird      B.three  C.third        D.thethree31.Isupposeyou’llhavetodoita______time.A.three      B.thethird      C.third        D.three32.Haveyoueverbeentothat______book-store?A.asecond–hand    B.two–hand    C.thesecond–handD.second–hand33.Beijingis____largestcityinChina.A.thesecond      B.asecond      C.second          D.thetwo34.Thisisa____factory.A.five–hundred–worker            B.five–hundred–workersC.five–hundreds–workers            D.five–hundred–worker’s35.Myson’sbirthdayisin______time.A.three–weeds    B.threeweek’s    C.three-week        D.threeweeks’36.Hemadea_____table.A.fourleg’s        B.four–leg        C.four–legged        D.four–leggs37.Idon’tknow_______numberofhishouseis.A.howmuch      B.howmany      C.how            D.what38.______isfivetimesfour?A.Howmuch        B.Howmany        C.What                D.How39.Ifyouwanttogotothepostoffice,take_______.A.BusNumbertheSix    B.BusNumberSix  C.NumberSixBus    D.SixNumberBus40.I’veseenit_______.A.hundredtimes  B.hundredsoftimeC.hundredsoftimes    D.hundredoftimes41.1/18writteninEnglishis________.A.one–eighteens    B.one–eighteenth    C.eighteenths–one    D.one-eighteenths42.Thereare______studentsinourclass.A.fortieth            B.fourty            C.fiftieth                D.fifty43.Choosethewrongone:A.afour–hourtripB.twofive–yearplanC.afour–actplay    D.amillion–poundnote44.Choosethewrongone:A.everytwodays    B.everyseconddays  C.everyfewdays    D.everyotherday45.______workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.A.Many            B.Agreatmany    C.Alargenumberof    D.Agreatdealof46.We’ve______oftimetodothework.A.verymuch        B.enough      C.greatdeal        D.plenty47.Squirrelshave_____secretfoodforthewinter.Theyhide______nutsinsidetrees.A.lotsof;plentyof                B.alargenumberof;-159- manyC.alargeamountof;agreatdealof        D.quantitiesof;much48.Youcan’thavehimgotothepartywithyou.Hehas______thingstodo.A.goodmany        B.alot          C.manya          D.agoodmany49.I’veacquired(获得)______knowledgefromthisreferencebook.A.much            B.many            C.agreatnumberof    D.lotof50.Hehasbeenwaitingforhismotherfor_______.A.anhourandahalf      B.oneandahalfhour  C.oneandhalfanhour      D.oneandhalfhours答案：1~5BCACD    6~10DCCCA      11~15ABCDB      16~20    BCACB21~25CCDAB          26~30DDDBB      31~35    CDAAD      36~40    CDABC41~45BDBBD          46~50DADAA第五章情态动词一、基础练习1.He___havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn"tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.  A.should    B.must      C.wouldn"t    D.can"t  2.I_____havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.  A.shouldn"t    B.couldn"t    C.mustn"t    D.needn"t3.Thiscakeisverysweet.You____alotofsugarinit.    A.shouldput    B.couldhaveput    C.mightput  D.musthaveput4.Hepaidforaseat,whenhe____haveenteredfree.  A.could      B.would      C.must      D.need5.Iwasonthehighwaywhenhiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They____atleast150kilometersanhour.  A.shouldhavebeendoing          B.musthavebeendoing  C.couldhavedone              D.wouldhavedone  6.-Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisheabsenttoday?  --Something__________tohim.  A.musthappen          B.shouldhavehappened    C.couldhavehappened      D.musthavehappened7.-DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn"tfindhimanywhere.  --Well.He_______havegonefar-hiscoatisstillhere.  A.shouldn"t    B.mustn"t    C.can"t    D.wouldn"t8.-Lucydoesn"tmindlendingyouherdictionary.  --She__________.I"vealreadyborrowedone.  A.can"t      B.mustn"t    C.needn"t    D.shouldn"t9.---Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.  ---Thanks.You_____it.Icouldmanageitmyself.  A.needn"tdo            B.needn"thavedone      C.mustn"tdo            D.shouldn"thavedone10.There________beanydifficultyinpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.-159-   A.mustn"t      B.shan"t      C.shouldn"t    D.needn"t11.----ThewomanbiologiststayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.  ----Oh,dear!She________alotofdifficulties!  A.maygothough            B.mightgothrough  C.oughttohavegonethrough      D.musthavegonethough12.----I"vetakensomeoneelse"sgreensweaterbymistake.  ----It______Harry"s.Healwayswearsgreen.  A.hastobe      B.willbe      C.mustn"tbe      D.couldbe  13.Helen_______goonthetripwithus,butsheisn"tquitesureyet.  A.shall    B.must    C.may      D.can14.IfI________plantodoanythingIwantedto,I"dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.  A.would      B.could    Chaveto      D.oughtto  15.Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers_____notlikethedesignofthefurniture.  A.must        B.shall      C.may        D.need16.----Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?  ----Well,ifyou______know,hernameisMabel.  A.may        B.can      C.must        D.shall17.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry______beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.  A.must        B.may      C.can        D.need18."Theinterest______bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,"declaredthejudge.  A.may        B.should      C.must        D.shall19.----I"lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.  ----You_______herlastweek.  A.oughttotell      B.wouldhavetold  C.musttell        D.shouldhavetold  20.I______payTomavisit,butI"mnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.  A.should      B.might      C.would      D.could21.----Idon"tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.  ----You________.I"mnotaskingyouforit.  A.mustn"t      B.maynot      C.can"t      D.needn"t22.----Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.  ----You________havemycomputerifyoudon"ttakecareofit.  A.shan"t      B.mightnot    C.needn"t    D.shouldn"t23.----Excuseme.IsthattherightwaytotheSummerPalace?  ----Sorry,I"mnotsure,butit______be.  A.might      B.will        C.must      D.can24.----Mum,I"vebeenstudyingEnglishsince8o"clock.________IgooutandplaywithTomforawhile?  ----No,I"mafraidnot.Besides,it"srainingoutsidenow.-159-   A.can"t        B.wouldn"t      C.maynot      D.won"t25.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_____reportittothepolice?  A.should      B.may        C.will      D.can  26.Mr.White_______at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn"tshowup.  A.shouldhavearrived          B.shouldarrive  C.shouldhavehadarrived        D.shouldbearriving27.You________betired-you"veonlybeenworkingforanhour.  A.mustnot      B.won"t      C.can"t      D.maynot二、提高练习1．---ShallItellJohnaboutit?---No,you______.I’vetoldhimalready.A.needn’t      B.wouldn’t      C.mustn’t        D.shouldn’t2.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.  ---It______acomfortablejourney.  A.can’tbe                      B.shouldn’tbe  C.mustn’thavebeen                D.couldn’thavebeen3.---Whydidn’tyoucometoseeme?  ---I______,butIwastoobusyyesterday.  A.liketo                        B.shouldliketo  C.wouldliketohave                D.amgoingto4.Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman______besorudetoalady.  A.might          B.need            C.should          D.would5.Therewasplentyoftime;she______.  A.mustn’thavehurried              B.needn’thavehurried  C.maynothavehurried              D.wouldn’thavehurried6.---IsJohncomingbyair?  ---Heshould,but______not.Helikestakingtrains.  A.must          B.can            C.need          D.may7.---______itbeLiPingwhobroketheglass?  ---No.It______beWangHaiwhodidit.  A.Could;may    B.Can;can        C.May;must      D.Can;must8.Whentheoldmanwasalive,he______sitforhoursatthedoor.  A.would        B.could          C.must        D.might9.Jack,you______playwiththeknife;you______hurtyourself.  A.won’t;can’t      B.mustn’t;may      C.shouldn’t;must    D.can’t;should10.I’vedecidedtotakethejobandI______changemymind.  A.mustn’t      B.can’t          C.won’t        D.maynot11.She______intothethickforestaloneonsuchadarknight.  A.daresnotgo                    B.daresnottogo  C.darenottogo                  D.doesn’tdaretogo12.Myparentsneverremembermytelephonenumber,andtheyalways______lookitup.  A.must        B.can      C.should        D.haveto13.---WhereisJack?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.  ---He______hishomework-159- upstairs.  A.mighthavedone    B.musthavedone      C.mightbedoing    D.mustdo14.He______youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.  A.mighthavegiven    B.mightgive      C.mayhavegiven    D.maygive15.---Ifhe______,he______thatfood.  ---Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.  A.waswarned;wouldnottake          B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken  C.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken      D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken16.---Ihearyou"vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins.____Ihavealook?　　  ---Yes,certainly.A.Do    B.May    C.Shall    D.Should17.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.　—They      bereadyby12:00.A.can        B.should        C.might        D.need18.I___suchamistakeagain.A.willnevermake                B.shallnevermakeC.canneverdo                      D.needneverdo19.Hebegantowritetwohoursago.He______havefinishedthearticlenow.  A.must          B.ought            C.would      D.hadto20.Lookingatmydeterminedface,thebigboy______pickupthefight.  A.daresnot    B.darenot    C.doesn"tdare    D.daresnotto21.—Youknowthatyouweredriving100kmanhour,don"tyou?—Noofficer,I____.Thiscardoesn"tdomorethan80.A.maynothavebeen    B.couldn"thavebeenC.mustn"thavebeen    D.shouldn"thavebeen22.Ithinkhecouldhavejoinedus,buthe____A.doesn"t    B.did    C.didn"t    D.couldn"t23.—Why____itrainnow?I____gototheconcertat7.　—Whatapity!A.can,mightnot    B.should,needn"t    C.must,can"t    D.need,mustn"t24.Hewascaughtintherainlastnight.That_____hiscold.A.canbringabout        B.oughttobringaboutC.shouldhavebroughtabout    D.mayhavebroughtabout25.—Didyouvisitthefamousmuseum?　—No,we___,butwespenttoomuchtimeshopping.A.couldhavevisited    B.musthavevisitedC.can"thavevisited    D.shouldn"thavevisited26.—Youmustphoneuseveryweek.　—Yes,I_____.A.must    B.haveto    C.will    D.should27.Don"tthrowthebottlesaway.They____inthefuture.A.mayneed    B.areneeded    C.canbeneeding    D.mightbeneeded28.Englishisalanguagethatmanypeoplearoundtheworld____notspeakperfectlybut___atleastunderstand.A.may,can    B.would,might    C.will,must    D.could,-159- might29.—IwonderwhyMr.Wangdidn"tattendthelecture.　—He____anotherone.A.couldhave    B.musthave    C.mighthavehad    D.shouldhavehad30.Hewastakenawaybythepolice.He___forarobber.A.mustbemistaken    B.wasbeingmistaken    C.mustmistake    D.musthavebeenmistaken31.—IwonderifI____smokehere.　—No,you_______.Couldyouseethesign"NoSmoking"there?A.can,needn"t    B.shall,won’t    C.must,can"t    D.may,mustn"t32.—Ihaven"tseenMr.Whiteforweeks.　—What_____tohim?A.musthavehappened    B.mayhavehappenedC.canhavehappened    D.mayhappen33.—Ididn"tgotoworkyesterdayafternoonbecausemycarbrokedown.　—You________mine.Iwasn"tusingit.A.mightborrow        B.couldhaveborrowedC.canhaveborrowed    D.oughttoborrow34.—Amanansweredthephone.Isupposeitwasherhusband.—It___herhusband.Hehasbeendeadforages.A.mustn"tbe    B.couldn"thavebeen    C.maynothavebeen    D.mustn"thavebeen35.ConsideringthatTomalwaysdidwellinallhissubjects,he____inthefinalexam.A.mustn"tfail    B.couldn"thavefailed    C.oughtnottofail    D.mustn"thavefailed36.She___thehospitalsosoon,forshehasnotyetrecovered.A.wouldn"thaveleft    B.shouldn"thaveleftC.mustn"thaveleft        D.didn"thavetoleave37.—Ipromiseherdaughter____getanicepresentonherbirthday.　—Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?A.should    B.must    C.would    D.shall38.—What"swrongwithyourpen"?　—Theink____comeout.A.can"t    B.doesn"t    C.hasn"t    D.won"t39."Whateveryouwant,you_____haveitonconditionthatyougetthebestresult."saidtheboss.A.would    B.oughtto    C.shall    D.could40.Tom,youaresolazy!Thiswork___hoursago.A.shouldfinish        B.musthavefinishedC.shouldhavebeenfinished    D.mighthavefinished参考答案：一、1-5BBDAB        6-10DCCBC        11-15DDCBC  16-20CADDA      21-25DAAAA      26-27-159- AC二、1–20：ADCCB  DDABC  DDCAB  BBAAB21–40:  BCCDA  CDACD  DCBBB  BDDCC第六章动词的时态用所给单词的适当时态形式填空1.He__________backamonthago.(come)2.Mymotheroftentellsme__________inbed.(notread)3.Imusttakeitbackthedayaftertomorrow.Youcanonly__________itfor24hours.(保存)4.Whyhaveyoukeptme__________hereforsolongatime?(wait)5.Pleasecometoourmeetingifyou__________freetomorrow.(be)6.She__________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(goes)7.Inhisletter,hesaidthathe__________usverymuch.(miss)8.Thefilm__________fornearlyfifteenminuteswhenIgottothecinema.(be)9.Hesaidhebecame__________inphysics.(interest)10.Thisfilmisworth__________.(see)11.Hewenttoschoolinsteadof__________home.(go)12.Intheolddaysitwasdifficultforthepoorto__________ajob.(找)13.It"scoldoutside,soyou"dbetter__________yourcoat.(穿上)14.Heishungry.Pleasegivehimsomething__________.(eat)15.Pleasedon"twastetime__________TVeveryevening.YoushouldwordhardatEnglish.(watch)16.Wefoundthewindow__________.(break)17.Youhavedroppedyourpencil.__________.(拾起来)18.Motheroftentellsme__________toolate.(notcomehome)19.Youhadbetter__________bybus,oryouwillbelate.(go)20.Iwill__________LiMingthegoodnewsassoonasIseehim.(告诉)21.Greatchanges__________inourcountrysince1978.(takeplace)22.I__________mydaughtersincelastmonth.(hearfrom)23.It__________metwodaystowritethearticle.(花费)24.Don"ttouchthat__________child.(sleep)25.Everytimehetriedtostartthecar,thewheels__________deepersintosthemud.(sink)26.WhenIgothome,Ifoundthatmyroom__________breaksintosandalotofthings__________.(steal)27.IfIhadarrivedthereearlier,I__________him.(meet)28.Ididn"tremember__________herthebookbefore.(give)29.Hecalledateverydoor,__________peopletheexcitingnews.(tell)30.YesterdayMarycouldn"tfinishherhomework,soshehastogoon__________itthisafternoon.(do)31.We__________footballwhenitbegantorain.Wehadtostopandgohome.(play)32.XiaoLin__________fromhereforabouttwohours.(beaway)33.swheres__________?Canyoufindyourbirthplaceonthemap?Sorry,Ican"t.(beborn)34.Lastnightwe__________backhomeuntiltheteacherleftschool.(notgo)-159- 35.ComradeLiDazhao__________inprisonin1927.(put)36.swheresisprofessorLee?He__________tothelibrary.He"llcomebacksoon.(go)37.Wecouldnothelp__________afterweheardthestory.(laugh)38.Wouldyouplease__________meanEnglish-Chinesedictionarywhenyoucome?(bring)39.Hetoldmethathe__________theGreatWalltheyearbefore.(visit)40.I"lltellhimthenewsassoonashe__________back.(come)41.Theboy__________bythedoorismybrother.(stand)42.Doyouremember__________thefilmlastyear?(see)43.There__________aphysicstestnextMonday.(be)44.__________Ifinishmyhomeworkinclass?(必须)No,youneedn"t.45.I"msorryyou"vemissedthelastbus.It__________tenminutesago.(leave)46.WeiFangisheard__________Englisheverymorning.(hear)47.Johnstopped__________arest(have)becausehe__________forthreehours.(work)48.I"msorrytohavekeptyou__________.(wait)49.Anewtheatre__________now.(build)50.Theboys__________basketballontheplaygroundaremyclassmates.(play)51.Iregrettedansweringlikethat,Iwassorry__________so.(do)52.Can"tyouseeI"mbusy__________?(cook)53.He__________worriedwhencomingsintostheteacher"soffice.(look)54.__________  somebeef!(随便吃点)55.It"sagreatshameforme__________infrontofsomanypeople.(laughat)答案：1.came2.nottoread3.keep4.waiting5.are6.hasbeen7.missed8.hadbeenon9.interested10.seeing11.going12.find13.puton14.toeat15.watching16.broken17.Pickitup18.nottocomehome19.go20.tell21.havetakenplace22.haveheardfrom23.took24.sleeping25.sank26.hadbeenbrokeninto/stolen27.wouldhavemet28.giving/shavingsgiven29.telling30.doing31.wereplaying32.hasbeenaway33.wereyouborn34.didn"tgo35.wasput36.hasgone37.laughing38.bring39.hadvisited40.comes41.standing42.seeing43.isgoingtobe44.Must45.left46.toread47.tohave…hadworked48.waiting49.isbeingbuilt50.playing51.todo/tohavedone52.cooking53.looked54.Helpyourselfto55.tobelaughedat第七章动词的语态一、基础练习1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．　　A．arenotkept；willhaveto  B．arenotkept；have　　C．donotkeep；willhaveto  D．donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.　　A.developed    B.havedeveloped　　C.arebeingdeveloped  D.willhavebeen-159- developed3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．　　A．I"vebeentold  B．I"vetold  C．I"mtoldD．Itold4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.　　A.hascompletedB.completes  C.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.　　A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.　　A.hasbeendesigned  B.hadbeendesigned　　C.wasdesigned  　D.wouldbedesigned7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.　　A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.　　A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup  B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup　　C.havetakenplace;havesetup  D.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.　　A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?　　A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuilt  C.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.---Doyoulikethematerial?  ---Yes,it___verysoft.　　A.isfeelingB.felt  C.feelsD.isfelt12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．　　A．writeB．towrite  C．tobewrittenD．written13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．  A．totypeB．typing  C．tobetypedD．typed14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.　　A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedout  C.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.　　A.beputupB.givein  C.beturnedonD.goout16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.　　A.belongsB.arebelongedto　　C.belongstoD.belongto17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?　　---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.　　A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaught　　C.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded___again.　　A.beingcheckedB.checked　　C.tocheckD.tobechecked20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises　　A.HavingtaughtB.Havingbeentaught　　C.taughtD.Teaching二、时态、语态通练1.Themathsproblemcanbe______.  A.easyworkedout      B.easytobeworkedout  C.easilyworkedout    D.easilytowork-159- out2.Everypossiblemeans______,butnoneprovessuccessful.  A.hasbeentried  B.tried  C.isbeingtried  D.hastried3.Thegirlisto______arichman.  A.marrywith  B.bemarried  C.marryto  D.bemarriedto4.Hereceivedatelegramthat______“Mothersick”.  A.wrote  B.says  C.reads  D.read5.Whocanyouimagine______tohisweddingparty?  A.inviting  B.beinginvited  C.wasinvited  D.tobeinvited6.I______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.(NMET)  A.gave  B.wasgiven  C.wasgiving  D.hadgiven7.——WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?  ——He´salreadybeen______.(NMET)  A.askedfor  B.sentfor  C.calledfor  D.lookedfor8.Aconductor______tokeepusintimeinthesingingyesterday.  A.needs  B.isneeding  C.wasneeded  D.hasbeenneeded9.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______yet.  A.isnotdecided  B.arenotdecided  C.hasnotdecided  D.havenotdecided10.Ways______tostoppollutionbynow.  A.mustfind  B.willbefound  C.arefound  D.havebeenfound11.I´twantanything______aboutit.don  A.tosay  B.said  C.saying  D.havingsaid12.——______thatthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.——Yes,italldependsontheweather.vebeen´vetold  C.I´  A.Imtold  D.Itold´told  B.I13.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks______tothenationasagift.(NMET)  A.isoffered  B.hasoffered  C.areoffered  D.haveoffered14.Bettyhasneverbeenheard_______illofothers.  A.speak  B.spoken  C.tospeak  D.wassaid15.Tom______tohavedeliveredthespeechintheirtheatreroom.  A.said  B.says  C.issaid  D.wassaid16.——Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?——Oh,excellent.It´  sworth______asecondtime.(NMET)  A.toread  B.toberead  C.reading  D.beingread17.LittleJimshouldlove______tothetheatrethisevening.(NMET)  A.tobetaken  B.totake  C.beingtaken  D.taking.18.______moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.(NMET)  A.Given  B.togive  C.Giving  D.Havinggiven19.——where______thebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.  ——I______itrightherebutnowit’sgone.  A.didyouput;haveput    B.haveyouput;put  C.hadyouput;wasputting  D.wereyouputting;haveput20.Hewouldnotfailsolongashe______hardthenextterm.  A.studied  B.wouldstudy  C.hadstudied  D.studies21.Howlong______theEnglishparty______?  A.has;beenlasted  B.did;last  C.was;lasted  D.will;be-159- lasted22.What______you______thistimenextFriday?  A.will;do  B.have;beendoing  C.are;doing  D.will;bedoing23.Hardly______thebell______whentheteachercamein.  A.did;ring  B.would;ring  C.has;rung  D.had;rung24.It______andthestreetswerestillwet.  A.hadbeenraining  B.rained  C.hadbeenrained  D.wouldrain25.Thebook______onthegroundfortenminutesbutnonoehaspickeditup.  A.islying  B.haslain  C.lay  D.hasbeenlying26.We______therewhenit______torain.  A.weregetting;wouldbegin  B.wereabouttoget;began  C.hadgot;hadbegun        D.wouldget;began27.Theteachersaidwe______tenlessonsbytheendofthisterm.  A.shouldhavestudied  B.weregoingtostudy  C.havestudied        D.shouldstudy28.——shetoldmeshehadmetyouinLondonlastyear.——______you______hersince?  A.Had;met  B.Did;see  C.Would;meet  D.Have;seen29.——When______again?——Whenhe______,I’llletyouknow.  A.willhecome;willcome  B.willhecome;come  C.hecomes;comes        D.willhecome;comes30.Tom______formorethanaweek.  A.hasleft  B.hadgoneaway  C.wentaway  D.hasbeenaway31.——Whathappenedtoherteeth?——She______theapplemorethanshecouldchew.  A.hasbitten  B.bit  C.hadbeenbitting  D.bites32.Shakespearewassaid______37famousplaysinhislifetime.  A.finishingwriting  B.tofinishwriting  C.havingwritten    D.tohavewritten33.——You’veagreedtogo.Sowhyaren’tyougettingready?  ——ButI______thatyou______metostartatonce.  A.don’trealize;want    B.don’trealize;wanted  C.haven’trealized;want  D.didn’trealize;wanted34.——Imissedthelecturelastnight.  ——Oh,whatapity!Iwish______.  A.youhearedit        B.youhadheardit  C.youneverheardit    D.youhadn’theardit35.I’llreturnthebooktothelibraryassoonasI______it.  A.finished  B.amgoingtofinish  C.willfinish  D.havefinished36.——Yourphonenumberagain?I______quitecatchit.——It’s9586442.(NMET)  A.didn’t  B.couldn’t  C.don’t  D.can’t37.——I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.——Oh,notatall.I______hereonlyafewminutes.  A.havebeen  B.hadbeen  C.was  D.willbe38.WhenIwasatcollege.I______threeforeignlanguages,butI______allexceptafewwordsofeach.  A.spoke;hadforgotten      B.spoke;haveforgotten  C.hadspoedn;hadforgotten  D.hadspoken;haveforgotten39.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonas-159- she______.  A.willarrive  B.arrives  C.isgoingtoarrive  D.isarriving(NMET)40.——WhoisJerryCooper?  ——______?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.(NMET)  A.Don’tyoumeethimyet    B.Hadn’tyoumethimyet  C.Didn’tyoumeethimyet    D.Haven’tyoumethimyet41.——Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.——Yes,ataxi______atallnecessary.(NMET)  A.wasn’t  B.hadn’tbeen  C.wouldn’tbe  D.won’tbe42.Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose______toher?(NEMT)  A.washappening  B.tohappen  C.hashaqqend  D.havinghappened43.OnSaturdayafternoon,MrsGreenwenttothemarket,______somebananasandvisitedhercousin.(NMET)  A.bought  B.buying  C.tobuy  D.buy44.Asshe______thenewspaper,Granny______asleep.(NMET)  A.read;wasfalling        B.wasreading;fell    C.wasreading;wasfalling  D.read;fell45.I______thebadcoldforaweek,stillIcan’tgetridofit.  A.caught  B.havecaught  C.have  D.havehad46.I______thetime______soquickly.  A.didn’trealize;hadpassed  B.don’trealize;passed    C.haven’trealized;passed    D.hadn’trealized;hadpassed47.——Mywatch______twelveo’clock.It’ssolate.——Let’shurryup.  A.issaid  B.says  C.istold  D.tells48.Helen______herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaitherhusband_____home.(NMET)  A.hasleft;comes  B.left;hadcome  C.hadleft;came  D.hadleft;wouldcome49.ThepenI______I______isonmydesk,rightundermynose.(NMET)  A.think;lost  B.thought;hadlost  C.think;hadlost  D.thought;havelost50.——Janehasjustarrived.——Ididn’tknowshe______.  A.iscoming  B.wascoming  C.hadbeencoming  D.willcome三、提高练习1.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You＿＿yoursweaterinsideout.A.hadworn      B.wore        C.werewearing      D.arewearing2.—We＿＿thatyouwouldfixtheTVsetthisweek.  —I’msorry.I＿＿to,butI’vebeentoobusy.A.hadexpected；hadintended      B.areexpecting；hadintendedC.expect；intend              D.expected；intend3.Hewillstopshowingoff,ifnonotice＿＿ofhim.A.istaken        B.willbetaken      C.takes        D.hastaken4.—Itissaidthatanothernewcarfactory＿＿now.  —Yeah.It＿＿oneandahalfyears.A.isbuilding；takes        B.isbeingbuilt；willtakeC.isbuilt；willtake        D.isbeingbuilt；takes5.—I’msorry,butIshouldn’thavebeensorudetoyou.  —You＿＿yourtemperbutthat’s-159- OK.A.havelost      B.hadlost        C.didlose        D.werelosing6.—Why?Tom,yourshirtissodirty!  —Mum,I＿＿mystoreroomdownstairs。A.cleaned        B.haveworked      C.wascleaning      D.havebeencleaning7.Theywon’tbuynewclothesbecausethey＿＿moneytobuyacolorTVset.A.save    B.aresaving    C.hassaved    D.weresaving8.Goodheavens!Thereyouare!We＿＿anxiousaboutyou,andwe＿＿youbackthroughoutthenight.A.are；expect                B.were；hadexpectedC.havebeen；wereexpecting        D.are；wereexpecting9.I’vefinallyfinishedmypaperandit＿＿meanentiremonth.A.takes        B.took            C.wastaken      D.hadtaken10.Thetrafficinourcityisalreadygoodandit＿＿evenbetter.A.gets        B.got            C.hasgot        D.isgetting11.—HasJackfinishedhishomeworkyet?  —Ihavenoidea；he＿＿itthismorning.A.wasdoing      B.hadbeendoing      C.hasdone        D.did12.—Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.  —I’msorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI＿＿myguestsinmyoffice.A.isbeingmet      B.willmeet        C.willbemeeting    D.willhavemet13.—Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.  —Really?Where＿＿?A.hasshebeen      B.hadshebeen      C.hasshegone      D.hadshegone14.JohnandI＿＿friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmas  party.Butwe＿＿eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen；havemet          B.havebeen；havemetC.hadbeen；hadmet          D.havebeen；hadmet15.I＿＿ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplay        B.haveplayed      C.played        D.play16.I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.I＿＿mymum.A.take            B.amtaking      C.havetaken        D.willhavetaken17.—Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?  —I’msorryI＿＿anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.A.wasn’tsaying      B.don’tsay        C.won’tsay        D.didn’tsay18.—Where＿＿?  —Igotstuckintheheavytraffic.I＿＿hereearlier.A.didyougo；hadarrived          B.haveyoubeen；wouldhavebeenC.wereyou；wouldcome        D.areyou；was19.IknowMrBrown；we＿＿toeachotherataninternationalconference.A.areintroduced                  B.havebeenintroducedC.wereintroduced                  D.hadbeenintroduced20.—Wheredoyouthink＿＿he＿＿thecomputer?  —Sorry.Ihavenoidea.A.has；bought      B.／；bought        C.did；buy      D.had；bought-159- 21.—I＿＿toaparty,butI’vegotnothingtowear.  —Whydon’tyouhaveadressmadefortheparty?A.wasasked        B.willask        C.haveasked      D.havebeenasked22.Ididn’tlikeAuntLucy,who＿＿withoutwarningandbringinguspresents.A.alwaysturnedup                  B.hasalwaysturnedupC.wasalwaysturningup              D.wasalwaysturnedup23.—WhatdoyouthinkofthiskindofTVset,which＿＿inShanghai?  —Well,Idon’tcaresuchthings.A.wasmade      B.ismade      C.hasbeenmade    D.hadbeenmade24.—Tom,didMr.Lijoinyouinyourdiscussion?  —No,he＿＿,buthehappenedtohavefallenill.A.wouldliketo      B.will          C.wastohave      D.wasgoingtojoin25.—Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?  —Idon’tthinkso.He＿＿totheradiowithhiseyesshut.A.listened          B.waslistening      C.haslistened      D.hadlistened26.Theplane＿＿at7:00p.m.,soIhavetobeattheairportby6:40atthelatest.A.hasleft          B.istoleave      C.willhaveleft    D.leaves27.Thetrain＿＿＿＿＿atthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofthemountainataboutnineo’clocktonight.A.went        B.isgoing      C.goes      D.willbegoing28.Lookatthis!I＿＿somemagazinesand＿＿thisletter.A.waslookingthrough；found          B.amlookingthrough；findC.lookedthrough；hadfound          D.hadlookedthrough；finding29.—＿＿you＿＿theeditorattheairport?  —No,he＿＿awaybeforemyarrival.A.Have...met；hasdriven          B.Had...met；wasdrivenC.Did...meet；hadbeendriven        D.Have...met；haddriven30.—Canyougivemetherightanswer?  —Sorry,I＿＿.Wouldyourepeatthatquestion?A.hadn’tlistened    B.haven’tlistened    C.don’tlisten    D.wasn’tlistening31.IusedtodrinkalotofteabutthesedaysI＿＿coffee.A.prefer        B.preferred          C.havepreferred    D.ampreferring32.—WasthedrivingpleasantwhenyouwenttoMexicolastsummer?  —No,it＿＿forfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.A.wasraining      B.hadbeenraining    C.wouldberaining    D.rained33.Thevegetablesdidn’ttasteverygood.They＿＿toolong.A.hadbeencooked    B.werecooked      C.hadcooked      D.cooked34.—Rememberthefirsttimewemet,Jim?  —OfcourseIdo.You＿＿inthelibrary.A.werereading      B.hadread        C.haveread      D.read35.IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseI＿＿thecloth＿＿well.A.havetold；washes    B.havebeentold；washesC.wastold；washed    D.havebeentold；iswashed36.—Whatwereyouuptowhenyourparentscame-159- in?  —I＿＿forawhileand＿＿somereading.A.wasplaying；wasgoingtodo      B.played；didC.hadplayed；wasgoingtodo        D.hadplayed；did37.—Sorry,Iforgettoposttheletterforyou.  —Nevermind,＿＿itmyselftonight.A.I’mgoingtopost    B.I’vedecidedtopost    C.I’llpost    D.I’dratherpost38.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetothatpartyoftheirs,but＿＿.A.I’mnotinvited        B.IwasnotinvitedC.Ihavenotbeeninvited    D.Ihadnotbeeninvited39.—IsTomstillsmoking?  —No.BynextSaturdayhe＿＿forawholemonthwithoutsmokingasinglecigarette.A.willgo      B.willhavegone    C.willhavebeen    D.hasbeengoing40.Allbutone＿＿takepartintheconference＿＿tomorrow.A.isgoingto；thatistotakeplace        B.aregoingto；thatisabouttotakeplaceC.aregoingto；thatistobetakenplace    D.aregoingto；whichistobeheld41.—Areyouavisitorhere?  —That’sright.I＿＿roundtheworldandnowmydreamofcomingtoChina＿＿true.A.havetraveled；hascome        B.wastraveling；hadbeencomeC.amtraveling；hascome        D.havetraveled；hasbeencome42.—＿＿Bettythismorning?  —Notyet,butsheissuretobeherebeforenoon.A.Haveyouseen    B.Willyousee      C.Doyousee      D.Didyousee43.Jimtalkedforabouthalfanhouryesterday.Never＿＿himtalksomuch.A.Iheard        B.didIhear      C.Ihadheard      D.hadIheard44.Thechildren＿＿veryquiet；Iwonderwhatthey＿＿upto.A.were；arebeing  B.arebeing；are    C.are；do    D.arebeing；do45.—Lookattheblackclouds.It＿＿soon.  —Sure.Ifonlywe＿＿out.A.israining；didn’tcome          B.istorain；won’tstartC.willrain；haven’tstarted        D.isgoingtorain；hadn’tcome46.He＿＿articlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andhe＿＿aboutfortyarticles.A.hasbeenwriting；haswritten        B.hasbeenwriting；wroteC.iswriting；hasbeenwriting        D.haswritten；haswritten47.She＿＿totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.A.hasnosoonergot            B.hadhardlygotC.nosoonergot              D.hadnosoonergot48.Whenhewasalive,theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge＿＿frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.A.wascoming      B.hadcome      C.comes        D.wouldcome49.Inthisexperiment,theyarewokenupseveraltimesduringthenight,andaskedtoreportwhatthey＿＿.A.hadjustbeendreaming            B.arejustdreamingC.havejustbeendreaming            D.hadjustdreamt50.—What’sthematter?-159-   —Theshoesdon’tfitproperly.They＿＿＿＿myfeet.A.arehurting  B.willhurt    C.havehurt      D.arehurt参考答案：　　一、key1--5ACADC6--10BCBDA　　11--15CBCAD16--20DCCDB二、1－5  CADDC  6－10  BBCAD  11－15  BAACC  16－20  CAABA21－25  BDDAD  26－30BADDD  31－35  BDDBD  36－40  AABBD41－45  ACABD  46－50ABCBB三、1~20:  DAABC  DBCBD  ACBDD  BDBCB21~40:  DCBCB  DDACD  ABAAB  CCBBD41~50:  CADBD  ADCCA第八章动词的语气一、基础练习1.---I’veboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter.  ---Oh,howgoodadad!Butshedoesn’tlikesweetthings,_____that?A.Don’tyouknow          B.Haven’tyouknown  C.Didn’tyouknow          D.Hadn’tyouknown2.---Haveyoudecidedalready?---Yes,I____atonce.A.havedecided  B.decided  C.willdecide  D.haddecided3.Gladtoseeyouback.Howlong_____inRussia?A.didyoustay  B.haveyoustayed  C.wereyoustaying  D.haveyoubeenstaying4.Heworksinafactorynow,buthe_____onafarmfor20years.A.worked  B.hasworked    C.hadworked  D.hadbeenworking5.Whereonearthhaveyoubeen?We_____youbackmuchearlier.A.wereexpecting  B.areexpecting  C.hadexpected  D.expect6.---Ibegyourpardon!---Oh,you_____tomecarefully.(justnow)A.didn’t  B.haven’tlistened  C.don’tlisten  D.weren’tlistening7.---Mr.Whitedidn’tcomelastnight,didhe?---No.We______.A.hadwaited  B.havebeenwaiting  C.werewaiting  D,hadbeenwaiting8.---CouldyoutakeamessageforMr.Green?  ---Certainly.I_____himaboutsomethingatanycase,soit_____mayother.A.maysee;isn’t  B.see;won’tbe  C.willsee;isn’t  D.willbeseeing;won’tbe9.---Whoistheoldmantalkingwithyourteacher?---Idon’tknow.I_____himbefore.A.wasneverseeing  B.hadneverseen  C.neversaw  D.wouldn’tsee10.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You______yoursweaterinsideout.A.hadworn  B.wore  C.arewearing  D.werewearing11.Goingoutforteawithfriends_____increasinglypopularduringthepasttwentyyears.A.becomes  B.became  C.hasbecome  D.hadbecome12.Asfarasweknow,TomspendsatleastasmuchtimewatchingTVashe______.A.doeswriting  B.writes  C.writing  D.doesto-159- write13.---Ihopeyouenjoyedthefilmlastnight.  ---HowonearthdoyouknowIwenttoafilm?I______you.A.won’ttell  B.didn’t  C.haven’ttold  D.don’ttell14.Turnoffthetapplease.Thewater_______  .A.waswasted  B.wastes  C.iswasting  D.iswasted15.---IthoughtIaskedyoutofixtheradio.---Oh,I’msorry.I______itrightaway.A.amtodo  B.willdo  C.wasabouttodo  D.amgoingtodo.16.---Thefarmerpresidentwascaughtatlast.---Really?Where  _____himself?A.hadhidden  B.hashehidden  C.washehidden  D.hashebeenhiding二、提高练习1．Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we__________allright.A.wouldbe    B.wouldhavebeen    C.were    D.maybe2.________morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.Ifthecaptainwere    B.HadthecaptainbeenC.Shouldthecaptainbe    D.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhe_________metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcall        B.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotable        D.arenotable4.Ifyouaskedyourfather,you______________permission.A.mayget    B.mightget    C.shouldhavecalled    D.maybeget5._____________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.Wouldheleave        B.WasheleavingC.Werehetoleave        D.Ifheleaves6.______Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.Was    B.Hadbeen    C.Willbe    D.Were7.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he____________ourchairmannow.A.musthavebeen    B.wouldhavebeen    C.were    D.wouldbe8.____________theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSundayA.Inspiteof    B.Butfor    C.Becauseof    D.Asfor9.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI_____________youradviceA.follow    B.wouldfollow    C.hadfollowed    D.havefollowed10.Ifthehorsewontoday,it_____________thirtyracesinfiveyears.A.wouldhavewon    B.won    C.musthavewon    D.didhavewon11.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_______asuddenloudnoise.A.beingthere    B.shouldtherebe    C.therewas    D.therehavingbeen12.Ifyouhadn’ttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we’d______________therebynow.A.be    B.circles    C.iscircling    D.becircling13.IwishI___________withher.A.wouldbe    B.am    C.was    D.were14.Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI_______________toit.-159- A.hadnotgone    B.havenotgone    C.didnotgo    D.cannothavegone15.Georgewouldcertainlyhaveattendedthemeeting,____________________.A.ifhedidn’tgetaflattire    B.iftheflattirehadn’thappenedC.hadhenothadaflattire    D.hadthetirenotflatteneditself16.Theteachersuggestedthatherstudents_____________experienceswithESP.A.writeacompositionontheir    B.towritecompositionabouttheC.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorher    D.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis17.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe______________aChinese.A.were    B.hadbeen    C.is    D.hasbeen18.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe______________awayforages.A.hasbeen    B.was    C.is    D.hadbeen19.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou___________anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.do    B.don’t    C.didn’t    D.didn’tdo20.ItisimportantthattheTOEFLoffice________yourregistration.A.willconfirm    B.confirm    C.confirms    D.mustconfirm21.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology__________.A.willnothavebeenachieved    B.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachieved    D.hadnotbeenachieved22.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe____________aChinese.A.were    B.hadbeen    C.is    D.hasbeen23.Itistimethatthegovernment______________measurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.A.takes    B.took    C.hastaken    D.taking24.Somepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicant________alldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity.A.has    B.willhave    C.shouldhave    D.musthave25.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe_____tothemeeting.A.wouldcome    B.came    C.wouldhavecome    D.hadcome26.IfIhadseenthemovie,I______________youallaboutitnow.A.wouldtell    B.willtell    C.havetold    D.wouldhavetold27.IhadhopedthatJohn_______ayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.A.spends    B.spent    C.wouldspend    D.willspend28.It’shightimethey____________thisroad.A.mend    B.mended    C.musthavemended    D.willmend29.It’sabouttimepeople______noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.take    B.took    C.havetaken    D.willtake30.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____________.A.shouldfallbehind    B.fellbehindC.mayfallbehind        D.wouldfallbehind31.Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwives_______________inthehome.A.worked    B.wouldwork    C.work    D.wereworking32.Forachildtogiveuphislessmatureideaforamorematureone,itrequiresthatthe-159- child_____psychologicallyreadyforthenewidea.A.is    B.were    C.be    D.wouldbe33.Youradvicethat_____________tillnextweekisreasonable.A.shewaits    B.shewait    C.waitshe    D.shewaited34.Itwasessentialthatweleasebeforetheendofthemonth.A.sing    B.singed    C.hadsigned    D.weresigning35.Iadvisedthatthesickchild________ahospitalassoonaspossible.A.shouldsendto        B.shouldbesentC.bewentto          D.mustbesentto36.Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay________be20percent.  A.beraised      B.wouldberaised    C.raised        D.raise37.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody________therules.  A.obeys        B.obey        C.willobey        D.wouldobey38.Mysuggestionisthatshe________moreexercise,whichwilldoalotof  goodtoher.  A.takes      B.musttake        C.take        D.took39.IfonlyI________drivingbefore.  A.learn        B.learned      C.hadlearned        D.wouldlearn40.________she________yesterday,shewouldmeetthefamoussingertoday.A.If,didn’tleave    B.Hadnot,left    C.Hadn’t,left    D.Didn’t,leave答案一、1---5CBAAC  6---10DDDCC  CABCBA二、1~20:  ABABC  DDBCA  BADAC  AADDB21~40:  CDBCC  ACBBA  CCBAC  ABCCC第九章冠词一、基础练习1.Hetakes___activepartin____sports.A.the;the    B.the;/    C.an;/      D./;the2.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,______dictionaryunder_____arm.A.a;a        B.an;a    C.the;the    D./;/3.Adoctortoldmetotake____medicinethreetimesaday,stayin___bed,thenIwouldbebettersoon.A.a;the      B.a;/    C.the;/      D./;a4.Thesouthernersusuallyhave_____ricefor_____lunch.A.the；the    B./;a    C./;/      D.the;／5.______Einsteinsdidmanagetosend______Einsteintoatechnicalschool.A./;/        B.An;an    C.The;/      D.The;an6.______snowiswhite.Thesnowthatcoversthetopofthemountainis_____beautifulsight.A.The;the    B./;/    C./;a      D./;the7.We"llwaitforyouatthegateof____schoolon_____National-159- Day.A.the;the    B.the；/    C.a;/      D.a;a8.______studentsinourschoolaremostlyfrom_____north．A.The;/      B.The;a    C．/;the      D.The;the9.TheoverseasChinesehave_____greatlovefor______theirmotherland.A.a;the      B.an;/    C.the;/      D.a;/10.Wewalkedtogether____armin______arm.A.a;a        B.an;an    C.the;the    D./;/11.____singerand_____dancerhasacceptedtheinvitation.A.A;a        B.The;the  C.The;a      D.The;/12.Youcanwritealetterin_____inkor______pencil.A./;a        B./;/    C.a;/        D.an;a13.Theyusedtogoswimmingintheseain____summer,butduring___summerof2004theyweretoobusytogoswimmingatall.A.the;/      B./;the    C./;/        D.the;the14.Theyhadtoworkfrommorningtill____nightinordertopayoff___debts.A.the;the    B.the;/    C./;the      D./;/15._____YellowRiveristheprideof_____People"sRepublicoffChina.A.The;a      B.A;a    C.The;the    D．/;the16.Allof____sudden,wewerecaughtin_____rain.A./;/      B.a;the      C./;the      D.a;a17.___hadbeencommittedwasnotrealizeduntillater.A.Howseriousacrime      B.HowseriouscrimeC.Howaseriouscrime      D.Howcrimeserious18.Wehaveneverseen______man.A.sohandsome  B.sohandsomea  C.asohandsome  D.soahandsome19.Youcanhardlyhopetosucceedwhere_____hasfailed.A.  manygreaterman        B.amanygreatermanC.  manyagreaterman        D.manygreateraman20.Howdidyoupaytheworkers?Asarule,theywerepaid______.A.byanhour              B.byhoursC.byahour              D.bythehour21．It"s____greatpleasuretogoto___cinemaafteraweek"shardwork.A.a;the      B.the;a      C.a.a      D.the;the22.As____unemploymentisveryhighatthemoment,it"sverydifficultforpeopletofind_____work.A.the；/      B./;/        C.the;a    D.an;the23.-Doyoulikeyourschoollife?-It"shardtosay.Iftherewereno____examinations,Ishouldhave____muchhappiertimeatschool.A.an;a      B./;a      C.a;the    D．/；/24.Aseriousaccidenthappenedat___crossroad,notfarfrom_____NewWorldSupermarket.A./;the      B.a;a      C.the;/      D.a;the25.Mr.Smithtoldusthat_____goldmedalhissonhadgotwasconsidered____great-159- honortothewholefamily.A.the;/      B.a;a      C.the;a    D.a;the26._____computerisreally_____mostusefulinventioninthetwentiethcentury.A.The;a      B.The;/      C.A;/      D./;a27.Allthesechangeswillleadto_____strongerandpowerfulChina,____countrythatcansurpriseandenrichourplanet.A.a;a      B.a;the      C.the;a    D.the;the28．-Really?Whowillgive_____lecture?Whatisitabout?-ProfessorChen,____presidentofBeijingUniversity.Aboutpollution.A.the;a      B.the；/      C.a;the    D.a;/29.-Hey,Mr.Smith,youarewantedon______phone.-whoiscalling?-____Mr.Green.Idon"tknowwhoheis.A./;A      B.the;/      C.the;A    D./;/30.Asisknowntoall,______tigerisin______dangerofdyingout.A.a;a      B.the;/      C.a;/      D．the;the二、提高练习1.Jumpingoutof________airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite________excitingexperience.  A./;the　　    B./;an　    C.an;an　　    D.the;the2.There’s________dictionaryon________deskbyyourside.A.a;the        B.a;a        C.the;a            D.the;the3.Anaccidenthappenedat________crossroadsafewmetersawayfrom________bank.    A.a;a    B./;a    C./;the        D.the;/4.Thewarmthof________sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof________woolused.  A.the;the    B.the;/        C./;the        D./;/5.Mr.Liwillgiveus________talk.________talkwillbeginat8:00.A.a;The    B.the;A    C./;/　        D.a;A6.Thesungivesus________heatand________light.A.the;the            B.a;a            C.a;the                D./;/7.—Whatdoyouneedindinner?    —Ineed________.A.aknifeandafork      B.aknifeandforkC.theknifeandfork    D.theknifeandthefork8.________Mrs.Smithiswaitingforyouinyouroffice.  A.The    B.A      C.One  D./9.She’son________People’sDaily.      A.the    B.an    C.a        D./10._____Einsteinscouldnotpayfor_____advancededucationthatyoungAlbertneeded.    A.The;the    B.A;a    C.An;the    D.The;an11.Sheis________newcomerto________chemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.  A.the;the    B.the;a      C.a;/    D.a;the12.—WhereisJack?—Ithinkheisstillin________bed，buthemightbein________bathroom.A./;/    B.the;the    C.the;/        D./;the13.Idon’tliketalkingon________telephone;Ipreferwriting________letters.A.a;the        B.a;/    C.the;the    D.the;/14.Manypeoplearestillin________habitofwritingsillythingsin________public-159- places.    A.the;the    B./;/    C.the;/        D./;the15.—Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat，taketheblueone.—OK，butdoyouhave________sizeinblue?Thisoneisabittightforme.A.abig        B.abigger        C.thebig        D.thebigger16.Iheardsomebodyplaying________pianoin________nextroom.A.a;a        B.the;the        C.a;the        D.the;an17.________PacificOceanis________largestofall.A.the;a    B./;the    C.the;the    D.a;/18.Greatchangeshavetakenplacein________1990’s.A./        B.a        C.the        D.an19.Wouldn’titbe____wonderfulworldifallnationslivedin_____peacewithoneanother?    A.a;/    B.the;/      C.a;the    D.the;the20.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented________telephonein1876.A./        B.a        C.the        D.one21.In1864，Lincolnwaselected_____Presidentof____UnitedStatesforthesecondtime.    A.the;the    B.a;a        C./;the        D./;/22.Johnis________universitystudent.    A./    B.any    C.a        D.an23.Thetableismadeof____.  A.awood  B.somewood      C.thewood      D.wood24.Wearegoingtolearn________nextweek.A.TwelfthLesson    B.TheTwelfthLessonC.TwelveLesson    D.TheTwelveLesson25.—I’dlike________informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel，please.—Well，youcouldhave________wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.A.some;a            B.an;some        C.some;some　    D.an;a26.Papermoneywasin_______useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin______thirteenthcentury.  A.the;/        B.the;the    C./;the        D./;/27.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith________animalsof________differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.A.the;a            B./;a            C.the;the            D./;the28.Aliceisfondofplaying_____pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto_____music.  A./;the    B./;/    C.the;/        D.the;the29.Oh，John.________yougaveus!A.Howapleasantsurprise            B.HowpleasantsurpriseC.Whatapleasantsurprise            D.Whatpleasantsurprise30.________terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!A.Howa            B.Whata        C.How                D.What31.Manypeopleagreethat_____knowledgeofEnglishisamustin____internationaltradetoday.  A.a;/        B.the;an        C.the;the    D./;the32.Beyond________stars，theastronautsawnothingbut________space.A.the;/            B./;the            C./;/                D.the;the33.—Haveyouseen________pen?Ileftitherethismorning.—Isit________blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;the            B.the;the        C.a;a                D.the;a34.Afterwatching________TV，sheplayed________violinforanhour.A./;/                B.the;the        C.the;/                D./;-159- the35.—Areyousuretohelpmefind________bedformynewhouse?—Sure，butnotnow.I’mheadingfor________bedandagoodsleep.A.a;/                B.a;a            C.the;a                D.the;/36.CharlieChaplinwasconsideredoneofthegreatestactorsin___historyof___cinema.A./;/                B.a;the            C.the;the            D.the;a37.—Whatabout________book?  —It’stoodifficult________book.A.a;a                B.a;the            C.the;the            D.the;a38.Towards________evening________coldrainbegantofall.A.an;the            B.the;a            C.the;/                D./;a39.Shealwaysplays________footballafter________school.A.a;the            B.the;the        C./;a                D./;/40._____wheelisthoughttobe_____inventionof_____firstimportanceinhumanhistory.    A.A;the;the    B.The;an;the    C.A;an;the        D.A;an;/41.Ifeltsomeonepattedmeon________shoulder.  A.a        B.the    C.my    D./42.—Soyouarerunning________restaurant?—Yes，butIdon’twanttomakeit________restaurantonlyforrichpeople.A.the;/        B.the;the    C.a;the        D.a;a43.Xi’anwas________startingpointof________worldfamous“SilkRoad”.A./;/        B.a;a        C.the;/        D.the;the44.Itisteno’clockinthemorningbutheisstill________.A.inthebed        B.atthebed        C.inbed                D.onbed45.Morethanhalfof________waterusedfordrinking，washingandirrigatingcropscomesfromunder________ground.    A.the;/    B./;the      C./;/    D.the;the46.Atnoonwereached________smallvillage________eastof________SummerPalace.    A.the;the;the    B.a;/;the    C.a;the;the    D.a;/;/47.Thechildhadonly________slighttemperature，butthedoctorregarded________illnessasseriousenoughfor________hospitaltreatment.A./;/;the    B.a;/;/        C.a;the;/        D./;the;the48.Ihad________lunchatafriend’shouseyesterday.________foodwasgood.A.the;/        B./;/        C.the;the        D./;The49.—WhatisJackgoingtodowithallhismoney?—Hesayshehasalwaysdreamedoftaking________triparound________world.A.a;the        B.the;the        C.a;/        D.a;a50.Qingdaois________mostbeautifulcityinsummer.  A.the    B./      C.a        D.one51.Justnowyousaidyoualwaysgottoworkon_______8o’clocktrain.Butwould_______latertraingetyoutoworkontime?  A.a;a    B.a;the    C.the;the    D.the;a52.Thebuildingwascompletedin______Septemberof1956notin______October,1955.    A./;the        B.the;the    C./;/    D.the;/53.Iwouldliketohave_______room，_______windowofwhichopensto_______south.A.a;the;a    B.a;the;the        C.a;/;/        D.a;the;/54.Thereis_______houseinthepicture.Thereis_______oldwomannear_______-159- house.    A.an;a;the  B.a;an;the        C.the;a;an        D.a;the;an55.________Europeand________Americaareseparatedby________AtlanticOcean.A./;/;the    B.the;the;the    C./;/;/        D.the;the;/56.Thereis________“h”intheword“honest”.  A.a        B.the    C./        D.an57.________terriblelifepeopleinthesmallislandlivedatthattime!A.What        B.How        C.Whata        D.Howa58.Fatheroftensaystome,“Be_____honestboytodayand_____usefulmantomorrow.”  A.a;a    B.an;an    C.a;an        D.an;a59.Thingsof______kindcometogether;peopleof_____kindfallinto_____samegroup.  A.the;the;the    B.a;a;the        C.the;the;a    D.a;the;the60.________SuezCanalbrought________eastand________westcloser.A.The;the;the        B./;the;the        C.The;/;/    D./;/;/参考答案一、1.C2.D  3.C4.C  5.C  6.C7.B  8.D  9.D10.D11.D12.B13.B14.C  15.C  16.B  17.A  18.B  19.C  20.D  21.A  22.B  23.B  24.D25.C26.A  27.A28.B29.C30.B二、1~5CAABA    6~10DBBAA        11~15CDDCB        16~20BCCAC21~25CCDBA        26~30CBCCD        31~35AACDA        36~40CDDDB41~45BDDCD        46~50BCDAC        51~55DDBBA        56~60DCDBA第十章介词一、基础练习1.Henry,＿＿＿MaryandTom,iscomingtoChinaforavisit?WhichisWRONG?A.togetherwithB.like  C.besidesD.butinadditionto2.HisfatherwillbebackfromLondon＿＿＿＿afewdays.A.sinceB.inC.onD.after3.Heusuallygoestoworkontime＿＿＿＿＿＿.A.exceptforrainingdaysB.besidesitrainsC.butthatitrainsD.exceptonrainydays4.Didyouhavetrouble＿＿＿＿＿＿＿thepostoffice?A.tohavefoundB.withfinding  C.tofindD.infinding5.Ifyoukeepon,you’llsucceed＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.A.intimeB.atonetime　C.atthesametimeD.ontime6.Thetrainleaves＿＿＿6：00pm,soIhavetobeatthestation＿＿＿5：40pmatthelatest?　A.at；untilB.for；after　C.at；byD.before；around7.＿＿＿thegateandyou’llfindtheentrance＿＿＿thepark＿＿＿theotherside.A.Through；to；onB.Along；of；on　C.Down；to；atD.Up；of；by8.One＿＿＿fivewillhavethechancetojoininthegame.　A.withinB.amongC.inD.from9.——Doyougothere＿＿＿bus?——No,wegothere＿＿＿atrain.　A.in；onB.on；onC.by；inD.by；-159- with10.Imadethecoat＿＿＿myownhands.Itwasmade＿＿＿hand,notwithamachine.A.in；inB.in；with  C.with；byD.with；with11.Thetrees＿＿＿frontofthehouseare＿＿＿thechargeofMr.Li.A.in；inB.at；inC.in；byD.from；in12.Theoldmandied＿＿＿＿＿＿cold＿＿＿＿＿＿＿acoldnight.A.from；atB.of；in　C.of；onD.for；during13.Myunclelives＿＿＿＿116ChangheStreet.Hisroomis＿＿＿＿thesixthfloor.A.at；onB.to；atC.on；inD.of；to14.Idon’tthinkyoucanworkoutthemathsproblem＿＿＿＿herhelp.A.sinceB.unlessC.withD.without15.Heisrunning＿＿thewindtowardsthestation＿＿Tomrunning＿＿theright.　A.down；and；onB.against；with；on　C.for；with；inD.with；while；to16.InHangzhouMr.Blackwassostruck＿＿thebeautyofnaturethathestayed＿＿anothernight.　　A.at；onB.with；atC.for；inD.by；for17.——Howlonghasthebookshopbeeninbusiness?　——＿＿＿＿＿＿1987.　A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since18.Weofferedhimourcongratulations＿＿＿＿＿hispassingthecollegeentranceexams.A.atB.onC.forD.of19.Guangdonglies＿＿＿thesouthofChinaandFujianis＿＿＿theeastofit.Hainanis＿＿thecoastofthemainland.A.in；in；onB.in；on；off　C.on；to；onD.in；to；away20.Thestudent,＿whomalltheteachersarepleased,isverystrict＿himself＿everything.　A.to；with；inB.with；with；in　C.with；at；withD.at；with；at21.Somedoctorsweresentt?thefrontwheremedicalworkerswere＿＿＿.　A.ingreatneedB.ingreatneedof　C.neededgreatD.neededin22.＿＿＿＿＿hearingthegoodnews,theyjumpedwithjoy.A.ForB.ToC.OnD.At23.Sheiswell-known＿＿＿＿herpoemsandsheisalsofamous＿＿＿anactress.　A.for；forB.as；forC.for；asD.by；for24.Heclimbedsilently＿＿＿＿＿＿seizingthethief＿＿＿＿＿＿.　A.inthepurpose；bysurprise　　B.withpurposeof；surprisingly　C.withpurposeof；surprisedly　D.withthepurposeof；bysurprise25.Thetouchtheyhadbothkeptin＿＿＿manyyearsbroke.　A.forB.onC.intoD.with26.Thepianistbegantoplayandthegirlinredbegantosing＿＿＿＿themusic.　A.withB.alongC.throughD.to27.Hedividedthesweets＿＿＿thechildrenwhoweredivided＿＿＿threegroups.A.in；inB.into；into　C.between；inD.among；into28.Early＿＿＿themorningofMay1,westartedoff＿＿＿themountainvillage.　A.in；forB.in；t?C.on；／D.on；for29.Tedhasbeenabsent＿＿＿＿＿classforquitesometime.A.forB.withC.ofD.from30.Therailwaywasopened＿＿＿＿＿＿traffic＿＿＿＿＿＿＿April4,1985.　A.to；onB.to；inC.by；onD.for；-159- on答案及简析1.D。“名词＋介词短语”作主语时，谓语动词要与前面的名词保持一致。D项表达错误。2.B。表示“从现在起多长时间之后”用in。3.D。except后接动词不定式可与but连用，但except后还可接that,when,where等从句或介词短语，在表示对细节加以纠正之意时用exceptfor。4.D。havetrouble／difficultyindoingsth.／withsth.是一个习惯用法，表示“做某事吃力、费劲”。5.A。intime除平时熟悉的“及时”之意外，还有“迟早”的意思，相当于soonerorlater。6.C。具体时间即点时间前常用介词at,表示“到……为止”用by。7.A。through指“从某事物的内部空间穿过”；entrance后习惯接to；表示“在……边”用on。8.C。“oneinfive”指“五人中有一个”，即“oneoutoffive”。9.C。“乘坐交通工具”时，用by＋抽象名词（无冠词的名词）或用in／on加冠词再加交通工具。10.C。“由手工制作”用固定词组withone’shands或byhand。11.A。infrontof表示“在……前面”；inthechargeof表示“在……掌管／控制下”。12.C。dieof用于疾病、情感、饥饿、寒冷等原因造成的死亡，diefrom指除了疾病、情感、饥饿、寒冷以外的原因造成的死亡，onacoldnight为特定时间。13.A。在相对小的地点或门牌前用at；房间“在第几层”用“on...floor”。14.D。“在……帮助下”用with,“没有……帮助”用without。15.B。“逆／顶风而跑”用against；“with＋宾＋宾补”表示伴随；表示“在左／右边”用on。16.D。“bestruckby”意为“被……迷住／打动”，stayforthenight表示“留下来过夜”。17.D。since常与现在完成时连用。18.B。offersb.congratulationsonsth.ordoingsth.＝congratulatesb.onsth.ordoingsth.19.B。inthesouth表示在“一个范围之内的南部”，ontheeast表示“在东边接壤”，offthecoast表示“离开海岸”。20.B。表示“对……感到满意”，用bepleasedwith。此句为定语从句；主句中用了bestrictwithsb.insth.句型。21.A。如果选C，great应改为greatly。22.C。on(one’s)doing意为“当……时”，相当于when引导的时间状语从句。如：On(my)askingforinformation,Iheardaloudnoiseoutside.23.C。bewell-known／famousfor意为“因……而著名”，bewell-known／famousas意为“作为……而著名”。24.D。withthepurposeof是一个固定词组，意为“怀着……意图”；bysurprise相当于suddenly。25.A。keepintouch为固定短语，for...表示一段时间。26.D。singtothemusic意为“伴随着音乐而唱”。27.D。介词between指“两者之间”；among用于“三者或三者以上之间”。根据定语从句可知children应是三者以上。28.D。表示在“某一天的早晨”常说“onthemorningof...”；后面用for表示去的目的地。29.D。beabsentfrom是一个固定短语，意思是“缺席”。30.A。beopenedtotraffic的意思是“通车”；在具体的某一天之前通常用on。二、提高练习1.ThespeechbythemayorofShanghaibeforethefinalvotingforExpo2010isstronglyimpressed_______mymemory.  A.to  B.over  C.by  D.on2.Thetreesinthatthickforestaresodosetogetherthatthereishardlyanyroomto-159- move  ______them.  A.between  B.in  C.among  D.across3.Sofar,severalshipshavebeenreportedmissing_____thecoastofBermudaIsland.A.off  B.along  C.on  D.around4.Itwaseasiertomoveabout______thefringeofthecrowd.A.at  B.in  C.on  D.to5.Formilesaroundmethereisnothingbutadesert,withoutasingleplantoftree_____.A.insight  B.  ontheearth  C.atadistance  D.inaplace6.Iwantedtwoseats______MadameGurieforFridaynight,soIrangthecinematoseeifIcouldbooktwotickets.  A.of  B.about  C.to  D.for7.---Hasthetrainarrived?  ---No,itallwillbelate______halfanhour.A.at  B.for  C.in  D.by8.Iliketravelingbysea______itisnotrough.A.unless  B.incase  C.aslongas  D.although9.---PoorTom!Hewillhavetoworkallthenextmonth.---Luckily,_______thebasketballgamesareheld.A.except  B.exceptthat  C.exceptwhen  D.exceptfor10.______sickorwell,mygrandfatherisalwayscheerful.A.Either  B.Nomatter  C.Evenif  D.whether11.Theoilmustbeusedup,_______thelightwentout.A.for  B.because  C.since  D.as12.Thetwocountrieswere______between1989and1992.A.peace  B.atnowar  C.atpeace  D.atpeaceful13.Thebridgeis1000meters_______length.A.with  B.in  C.at  D.on14.Lookout_______thetrafficwhencrossingtheroad.A.at  B.of  C.for  D.with15.WeoftencallMartinLutherKingM.L.King_______  .A.inshort  B.forshort  C.atshort  D.toshort16.______theendoflastterm,everystudentintheschool,Ithink,hastakenatleastfivemathstests.  A.By  B.Since  C.From  D.In17.---HowcanIgettotheislandyoumentioned?---Youcan’tgetthere_____byswimming.A.otherthan  B.morethan  C.ratherthan  D.lessthan18.---Ifindreadingcomprehensionthehardestinlearningaforeignlanguage.  ---Well,______you’dbetterpractisereadingshortpassageeveryday.A.sothat  B.nowthat  C.forthat  D.withthat19.---Doyoulikecoffeeormilk?---Both.ButIprefercoffee______milk.A.to  B.for  C.with  D.from20.Spiderwasupandstandingatthedoor,witheveryhairofherbody_____.A.stoodup  B.onitsend  C.onend  D.ontheend答案：1---5DBACA  6---10DDCCD  11---15ACBCB  16---20BACCC第十一章-159- 连词选择填空1．—Theplacesabittoocrowded.¢ttoobad,isit?—______it¢isn  A.No,but    B.Yes,though    C.No,because    D.Yes,yet2．Fiveminutesearlier,_____wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.  A.but      B.and        C.so          D.or3．TheymaygotoLondon,buttheyarenotcertain______.  A.still      B.yet        C.already      D.however4．Thiswordmaybeusedbothasanoun_____asaverb.  A.aswellas  B.nor        C.and        D.or5．Ihavereadoneofhisplays______alotofhispoems.  A.but      B.while        C.aswellas    D.aswelltseeair,______,itdoesexist.¢6．Wecan  A.and      B.but        C.however      D.still7．Dowhatyouhavebeentold,____youwillbepunished.  A.and      B.but        C.or          D.afteralltcome.¢8．Shewasill,_____shecan  A.for      B.therefore    C.but        D.or9．—IthoughthehatedTV.—Youareright,_____hestillwatchestheprogram.  A.besides    B.also        C.then        D.yet10．_____youaredismissed.  A.Eitheryougoor      B.Whetheryougoor  C.Bothyougoand      D.Notonlyyougobutalso11．Itisstrange,______itistrue.  A.if        B.or          C.so          D.and12．Iaskedhertostayfortea,_____Ihadsomethingtotellher.  A.but      B.for        C.or          D.and13．Iremember_____thisusedtoheaquietvillage.(NMET)  A.when      B.how        C.where        D.what14．Itwillbehours______shecomesback.  A.before    B.since        C.after        D.by15．Ihadnoideaaboutit______hetoldme.  A.until      B.there        C.that        D.where16．Airtousis_____watertofish.  A.what      B.that        C.which        D.ofwhichdbettermakeamark____youhave¢17．Whenyoureadthebook,youquestions.  A.where      B.atwhich      C.atwhere      D.theplacewhere18．Ihadnoideawherehehadbeen_____hetoldme.  A.when      B.until        C.except      D.because19．_____,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.(NMET)  A.Howeverlateishe    B.Howeverheislate  C.However            D.Howeverlateheis20．Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.(NMET)  A.while    B.that      C.if      D.fortdoubt_____hecan¢21．Idonpasstheentranceexamination.  A.whether    B.when      C.that   -159-  D.how22．Neverbelieveanything____anyotherpersonhasbelievedit.Useyourownmind.  A.that      B.when      C.because  D.nort¢23．Dontunderstand.¢stop_____youmeetwithawordyoudon  A.atthattime    B.eachtime    C.sometimes    D.before24．Takeanumbrella______itrains.  A.incase    B.inanycase  C.because  D.for25．_____theteacherfoundgoodness,hepraisedit.  A.Wherever  B.However    C.As      D.Because答案：1－5  A  B  B  C  C    6－10  C  C  B  D  A  11－15D  B  A  A  A        16－20  B  A  B  D  B  21－25C  C  B  A  A第十二章非谓语动词一、基础练习1.Theheadmasterwantedthenewclassroombuilding___assoonaspos-sible.A.toputup          B.tobeputupC.tohavebeenputup    D.beingputup2.Attheshopping-centre,hedidn’tknowwhat____and____withanemptybag.A.tobuy;leave    B.tobeboughtC.tobuy;left      D.wassobuy;leave3.Thepolicemanputdownthephone,____withasmileonhisface.A.satisfied    B.satisfying  C.tobesatisfied  D.havingsatisfied4.____,yourcompositionisfullofmistakes.  A.Writingcarelessly        B.Writtencarelessly  C.Havingwrittencarelessly    D.Beingwrittencarelessly5.Shemadeacandle_____uslight.A.give    B.gave  C.togive  D.given6.Thestrangeryousaw_____withabigtravelling-bagstayedinRoom104yesterday.  A.tocomein    B.comein  C.hascomein  D.whocamein7.——Whatdoyousupposemadeherworried?——_____agoldring.  A.Lose    B.Lost  C.Losing    D.Becauseoflosing8.Hefeftastone____hisback.  A.hitting    B.hit    C.hitted  D.tohit9.Iknowit’snotimportant,butIcan’thelp_____aboutit.  A.tothink  B.andthink  C.thinking  D.beingthought10._____severaltimestheyoungscientiststillkeptonmakinghisexperi-ments.  A.Havingbeenfailed    B.Havingfailed  C.Thoughfailed      D.Becauseoffailure11.InAustralia,hemadealotoffriends____averypracticalknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage.A.get    B.goget  C.getting    D.got12.——Whatdidyoumeanbysayingthat?——Imeannoharm.Ionly____.  A.meantheping  B.wanttohelp  C.meantofhelp  D.wanthelping13.Ineverexpectedtheshoes_____.  A.wearingout  B.tobewornout  C.tohavewornout  D.beingwornout14.Youmustlearn_____.  A.thatyourtimeneedsawiseuse  B.howtomakelestofyour-159- time  C.tomakewiseuseofyourtime    D.wisewaystouseyourtime15._____isbetter_____one’slifethan_____one’sspirit.  A.That;lost;youlose    B.It;tolose;loseC.This;losing;losing      D.It;tolose;tolose16.PeterwantedhisTV______,buthiswifewouldratherhaveit______off.A.fixed;thrown  B.tobefixed;bethrown  C.fixed;throwing  D.fixing;throwing17._____thenewsofhisfather"sdeath,heburstintotears.A.Afterhearing  B.Onhearing  C.Havingheard  D.Whilehearing18.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invited    B.toinvite  C.beinginvited    D.hadbeeninvited19.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_______losehisjob.A.sonotasto    B.soasnotto    C.soastonot  D.notsoasto20.Shesearchedthetopofthehillandstopped______onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverested    B.resting  C.torest    D.rest21.LastsummerItookacourseon_______.A.howtomakedress      B.howdressbemadeC.howtobemadedress    D.howdresstobemade22.Thesecretarywordedlateintothenight,______alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepare    B.preparing    C.prepared  D.waspreparing23.She"supstairs_______letters.A.writes    B.iswriting    C.write    D.writing24.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn"tmakehimself______.A.hear  B.tohear  C.hearing    D.heard25.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.A.beingtied  B.havingtied  C.tobetied  D.tied26.OnSaturdayafternoon,MrGreenwenttothemarket,_____someba-nanasandvisitedhiscousin.A.bought  B.buying  C.tobuy  D.buy27.Janewasmade______thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towash    B.washing    C.wash    D.tobewashing28.MrSmithwarnedhisdaughter_____afterdrinking.A.nevertodrive    B.toneverdrive  C.neverdriving  D.neverdrive29.——Thelightintheofficeisstillon.  ——Oh,Iforgot_______.A.turningitoff  B.turnitoff  C.toturnitoff  D.havingturneditoff30.IcanhardlyimaginePeter______acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail    B.tosail    C.sailing    D.tohavesailed31.——Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?  ——Which____doyourself?A.doyourather    B.wouldyouratherC.willyourather    D.shouldyourather32.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving      B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived  D.Havingnotreceived33.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught______andletheroff.A.tohavestolen      B.tobestealing  C.tosteal        D.-159- stealing34.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetaken    B.totake    C.beingtaken    D.taking35.——Iusuallygotherebytrain.——Whynot____byboatforachange?A.totrygoing    B.tryingtogo    C.totryandgo  D.trygoing36.Iwouldappreciate______backthisafternoon.A.youtocall    B.youcall    C.yourcalling    D.you"recalling37._____isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.Thewalk    B.Walking    C.Towalk    D.Walk38."Can"tyouread?"Marysaid_____tothenotice.A.angrilypointing      B.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointed      D.anangrilypointing39.Thecomputercentre,______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.open    B.opening    C.havingopened    D.opened40.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.A.toinvent    B.inventing    C.tohaveinvented  D.havinginvented41.Howaboutthetwoofus_____awalkdownthegarden?A.totake    B.take    C.taking    D.tobetaking42.______downtheradio—thebaby"sasleepinthenextroom.A.Turning    B.Toturn    C.Turned    D.Turn43.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,______thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingadded    B.toadd    C.adding    D.added44.Thefirsttextbooks______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwritten    B.tobewritten    C.beingwritten  D.andarrived45.Shesetoutsoonafterdark_____homeanhourlater.A.arriving    B.toarrive    C.havingarrived  D.andarrived46.Themissingboyswerelastseen______neartheriver.A.playing    B.tobeplaying    C.play    D.toplay47.Ratherthan______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers______abicy-cle.A.ride;ride    B.riding;ride    C.ride;toride    D.toride;riding48.——Imustapologizefor_____aheadtotime.  ——That"sallright.A.lettingyounotknow    B.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownot    D.lettingnotyouknow49.Pauldoesn"thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn    B.tolearn    C.learned    D.learning50.Weagreed_____herebutsofarshehasn"tturnedupyet.A.havingmet    B.meeting    C.tomeet    D.tohavemet51.——Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.  ——Well,nowIregret______that.A.todo    B.tobedoing    C.tohavedone    D.havingdone52.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.notto    B.nottodo    C.notdoit    D.donotto53.______inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.Losing  B.Havinglost    C.Lost    D.To-159- lose54.Thepatientwaswarned_____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnot    B.eatingnot    C.going    D.havinggone55.Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo    B.tohavegone    C.going    D.tobefirstplaying56.TheOlympicGames,______in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplaying    B.tobefirstplayed  C.firstplayed    D.tobefirstplaying57._____isknowtoall,Chinawillbean_____andpowerfulcountryin20or30years"time.A.That;advancing  B.This;advanced  C.As;advanced      D.It;advancing58.——Doyoufeellike_____thereorshallwetakeabus?  ——I"dliketowalk.Butsincethereisn"tmuchtimeleft.I"dratherwe_____ataxi.A.walking;hire  B.towalk;hire  C.towalk;hired  D.walking;hired【试题解析】1、选B。want一词表示“打算，想要”，通常构成wanttodo与wantsb./sth.todo两种形式，因为building与putup之间逻辑上是被动关系，故want复合宾语中的不定式使用了被动式。该句的含义是“校长打算让这座新教学楼尽快建成”。2、选C。注意该题中buy和leave不是两个并列动作，而是说“他在购物中的不知道该买什么，就带着空兜子离开了”。Whattobuy作didn"tknow的宾语，left与didn"tknow并列。3、选A。satisfy意为“满……，使……满意”，既然人作了主语则用它的过去分词形式作状语。该句的含义是“警察放下了电话，脸上露出满意的笑容”。4、选B。该句主语yourcomposition是write这一动作的承受者，故write应用过去分词。该句的含义为“因为写的太粗心了，你的作文到处是错误”。该句中过去分词短语作状语，相当于Yourcompositionisfullofmistakesbecauseitiswrittencarelessly.5、选C。不定式togiveuslight作目的状语。该句的含义是“她做了一个蜡烛来照明”。6、选B。7、选C。该题的前者问“你认为什么使他着急？”该题的答句是个省略句，这部分应在句中充当主语，故用名词或动名词。该句的完整形式是：Losingagoldringmadeherworried（丢失一枚金戒子使她着急），故C为正确答案。8、选B。该句中feel后面接的是一个宾语从句。hit应使用一般过去时，又因为hit过去式与原形相同，故B为正确答案。该句的含义是“他感到有块石头打在他后背上”。9、选C。can"thelpdoingsth.意为“忍不住，禁不住做某事”。该句的含义为“我知道这并不重要，但我忍不住总去想它”。10、选B。11、选B。该句的含义是“在澳大利亚他交了许多朋友，学到了英语语言的实用知识”。不定式togetaverypracticalknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage在该句中作结果状语。12、选C。高中学生应该知道mean的两个常见词义。该题问句中的mean表示“意思……，含……意思”，后面要接名词或动名词，答句中的mean表示“意欲，意指，企图”，后面要接不定式。该句的含义是“你那么说什么意思？”“我没有什么恶意，我只是想帮忙”。再如：I"msorry.Ididn"tmeantohurther.对不起，我没想伤害她（但事实上已造了伤害）。13、选B。expect意为“预料，想到”，常形成expectsb./sth.todo结构，因为shoes与wearour为被动关系，所以作为宾语补足语的不定式要用被动形式。该句的含义是“我没想到这双鞋会穿破”。14、选C。learntodosth.意为“学会做某事”。该句的含义为“你必须学会聪明地利用时间”。makeuseof-159- 意为“利用，使用”。15、选D。该句中it作形式主语，toloseone"slife不仅作it的真正主语，而且与toloseone"sspirit并列。该句的含义是一个人失去生命总比失去灵魂强”。16、选A。17、选B。Onhearingthenewsofhisfather"sdeath…意为Assoonasheheardthenewsofhisfather"sdeath…。该题也可以用现在分词的一般式hearing作状语，但不可以用现在分词的完成式（C项），因为“他突然哭了”这一动作与“听到爸爸去世”这一动作几乎是同时发生的。18、选A。句中的Mostoftheartists与invite之间为被动关系，而且表示的是完成的动作，所以答案应选择A。句子的意思是：“应邀参加晚会的大多数艺术家均来自于南非。过去分词invited在句子中作定语，其作用相当于MostoftheartiststhatwereinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.19、选B。soasto相当于inorderto,它的否定式应放在不定式to之前。注意：soasto不用于句首。20、选C。stoptodosth.=stopanddosth.是停下来正在做的事而去做另一件事。stopdoing是停止做某事。21、选A。疑问词how加不定式，可作介词的宾语。22、选B。用现在分词作伴随状语。A项是不定式，可以做目的状语，但目的状语前不用逗号。C、D项属语法错误。23、选D24、选D。makeoneselfdone是惯用法。在本句中的意思是：“使自己的声音被别人听到。”25、选D。在with结构中，hands与tie之间的关系是被动关系，故排除B项。tied不仅表示被动，还表示动作已完成，故排除A、C项。26、选A。27、选A。makesb.do这一句型变成被动语态时为：bemadetodosth.28、选A。warnsb.not(never)todosth.是惯用法。29、选C。forgettodosth.是“忘记去做某事”。forget与remember的用法类似。30、选C。imagine后接动名词作宾语。Peter是sailing的逻辑主语，也可写成Peter"s,它们合起来称为动名词的复合结构。31、答案选B。wouldratherdosth.是惯用法，变问句时,把would提前。32、选C。receive与主句的主语he之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。故用现在分词，但主句中的again又暗示考生，分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，因此用现在分词的完成式。not必须置于分词之前。此句可理解为：As/Sincehehadn"treceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.33、选D。考生如果掌握catchsb.doing(发现某人正在做某事)这一短语，便可知girl与catch之间是被动关系，因此用catch的过去分词形式作后置定语，相当于agirlwhowascaughtstealing.34、选A。shouldloveto=wouldliketo,句子Jim与take之间是被动关系。35、选D。抓住原题中的forachange便知whynot+do表示一种建议，而trytodo是“尽力设法做某事，trydoing是“试着做”。36、选C。appreciate需要动名词作宾语，yourcalling是动名词的复合结构。37、选B。动名词作主语通常表示习惯性、泛指经常性、不具体的动作。而不定式作主语则表示一次性、特指、未来、具体的动作。原题中的agoodform又暗示考生，这个动作是泛指的，经常性的。38、选A。“生气地”是用来说明说话时的表情，应放在被修饰词said的后面，选A或C;-159- “指着”这一动作的逻辑主语是Mary，应该用现在分词作伴随状语。全句意思是：“你不会看吗？”玛丽指着布告生气地说。39、选D。opened是过去分词作非限定性定语，与先行词thecomputercen-tre之间是被动关系，相当于whichwasopenedlastyear，意思是：“去年开业的”。40、选C。41、选C。what/howabout+doingsth.是“做某事怎样”，而thetwoofus是动名词的逻辑主语，它们合起来构成动名词的复合结构。42、选D。这是一个祈使句，意思是：“请把收音机的音量调小些。”原题中的破折号相当于一个连接词for,说明音量调小的原因。43、选C。现在分词作伴随状语。句子的意思是：“来访的部长对其双方会谈的结果表示满意，并补充到在逗留期间感到很愉快。”44、选D。“课本”被“写出”，此空白应该用表示被动的非谓语动词作定语，可排除A;tobewritten表示即将发生，与题意不符；beingwritten强调正在进行时，与题意不符；written表示已完成的动作。全句的意思是：“把英语作为外语来教的第一批课本，是在十六世纪出版的。”45、选D。46、选A。47、选C。prefer后可接不定式，也可接动名词，接动词不定式时通常与ratherthan连用，表示否定。故该题的正确答案为C。即正常语序是：Heal-wayspreferstorideabicycleratherthanrideonacrowdedbus.该句还可以这样来表达：Healwaysprefersridingabicycletoridingonacrowedbus.即prefer后接动名词时，常与介词to连用，表示否定，意为：“喜欢做……而不喜欢做……。”48、选B。letting是现在分词短语作介词for的宾语，且否定时，not置于动名词之前。49、选B。50、选C。51、选D。regret后接不定式表示没有发生的动作；接动名词则表示后悔做过某事。根据题意：“后悔提出了反对意见”，故答案选动名词的完成时。52、选A。53、选C。句中的主语he和lose之间为被动关系。所以应用过去分词短语作状语。54、选C。55、选B。wouldlovetohavedone表示“本想去做，而没做”。从下文“butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport”可知事情没有做。56、选C。57、选C。58、选D。该题问句中的feellikedoingsth.表示“愿意，打算”，like为介词；答句中wouldrather后面接的宾语从句中谓语动词要用一般过去时。该句的含义是“你愿意步行去还是乘车？”“我想步行去，但既然没有多少时间了，我们就叫辆出租车吧。”二、提高练习1.______thehouseonfire,hedialed119.　A.Tosee    B.Seeing    C.Havingseen    D.Beingseen2.Ifelldownandbrokethreeofmyteeth.IwonderhowmanytimesIhavetocomehereandgetmyfalseteeth　          .A.fix    B.fixing    C.fixed    D.tofix3.We"re_________tolistentoher________voice.It"s_________  tohearhersing.A.pleased;pleasing;pleasure      B.pleased;pleasant;apleasureC.pleasing;pleased;apleasure      D.pleasing;pleasant;-159- pleasure4._____apostoffice,Istopped_____somestamps.A.Passed,buying      B.Passing,tobuy    C.Havingpassed,buy      D.Pass,tobuy5._____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.　  A.Comparing      B.Tocompare      C.Compared　    D.Havingcompared6.Herearesomenewcomputerprograms_________forhomebuildings.A.designing　　    B.design      C.designed　　    D.todesign7._____alittlemoney,Jimmywasabletobuyhismotheralovelynewlamp　A.Tosave　    B.Saving      C.Saved　    D.Havingsaved8.Theteachercameintotheclassroom_____byhisstudents.　A.following　    B.tobefollowing      C.followed　    D.havingfollowed9.Withthemoney___,hecouldn"tbuyanyticket.A.tolose　    B.losing      C.lost　　    D.haslost10.Therewassomuchnoiseintheroomthatthespeakercouldn"tmakehimself_____.　　　　A.beingheard      B.hearing      C.heard　　　    D.hear11.Theresultofthetestwasrather_____.　　　A.disappointed　    B.disappointing　　    C.beingdisappointed　    D.disappoint12.I"veneverheardtheword_____inspokenEnglish.　　A.use　　　    B.used　　　    C.using　　　    D.useing13.____howtodothehomework,Iwenttoaskmyteacherforhelp.　A.Nottoknow　　    B.Notknowing　    C.Knowingnot　　    D.Notknown14.Deeply_____,Ithankedheragainandagain.　　　A.beingmoving　    B.moved　　　    C.moving　　　    D.tobemoved15.Withwinter____on,it"stimetobuywarmclothes.　　　A.came　　　    B.comes　　　    C.come　　　    D.coming16.____theoffice,theforeignvisitorswereshownroundtheteachingbuilding.　　A.Havingshown　    B.Showing  　    C.Hasshown　　    D.Havingbeenshown17.Hewentfromdoortodoor,____wastepapersandmagazines.　　A.gathering　　　    B.gathered  　    C.gather　　　    D.beinggathered18.Thestudentcorrectedhispapercarefully,　____theprofessor"ssuggestions.　　A.follow　　    B.following  　    C.followed　    D.beingfollowed19.The____pricewillsaveyouonedollarforeachdozen.　A.reduce　　　    B.reducing　　　    C.reduced　　　    D.reduces20.People____inthecitydonotknowthepleasureofcountrylife.　A.live　　　    B.tolive　　　    C.lived　　　    D.living21.Theforeignertriedhisbest,buthestillcouldn"tmakehispoint____　.　A.understand　　    B.understanding　    C.tounderstand　    D.understood22.Thescientistswerewaitingtoseetheproblem____　.　　A.settle　　　    B.settled　　　    C.tosettle　　　    D.settling23.Thelibrary"sstudyroomisfullofstudents____　fortheexam.-159- 　A.busilyprepared　    B.busypreparing　    C.busylyprepare　    D.arebusilypreparing24.Thegroundis____  with____　leaves.　　A.covering,falling    B.covered,falling　    C.covered,fallen　　    D.covering,fallen25.Lessons　____easilyweresoonforgotten.　　A.tolearn　　　　    B.learn　　    C.learned　　　　　    D.learning26.Thewallet____severaldaysagowasfound____  　inthedustbinoutsidethebuilding.　　A.stolen,hidden　    B.stealing,hiding　    C.stealing,hidden　    D.stolen,hiding27.Aperson____aforeignlanguagemustbeabletousetheforeignlanguage　　　　____allabouthisown.　　A.tolearn,toforget    B.learning,toforget　    C.tolearn,forgetting  　    D.learning,forgetting28.____differentkindsofpianos,theworkersfartherimprovedtheirquality　　A.Toproduce　    B.Beingproduced　    C.Produced　    D.Havingproduced29.Thestudentsintheuniversityarealltakingcourses____  adegree.　　　A.comingto　　    B.goingto　　    C.leadingto　　　　    D.turningto30.Manythingsi____mpossibleinthepastareverycommontoday.　A.consider　    B.considering　    C.considered　    D.beconsidered31.____manytimes,hestillcouldn"tunderstand.　　A.Havingbeentold    B.Havingtold　    C.Hehavingbeentold    D.Telling32.Theoldsickladyenteredthehospital,____hertwosons.　　A.tosupport　    B.supporting　    C.supportedby　　    D.havingsupported33.Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld,　____9.6millionsquare(平方)kilometres.A.tocover　　　    B.covered　　　    C.covers　　　    D.covering34."Wemustkeepasecretofthethings____here",thegeneralsaid,____　atthemaninchargeoftheinformationoffice.　　A.discussed,staredseriously　    B.beingdiscussed,seriouslystaring　C.tobediscussed,seriouslystared　    D.discussed,stared35.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,t____hathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.　A.havingadded　    B.toadd　　　    C.adding　　　    D.added36."Canyouread?"Marysaid____tothenotice.　　A.angrilypointing　    B.andpointangrily　    C.angrilypointed　    D.andangrilypointing37.____thecomposition,Johnhandedittotheteacherandwentoutoftheroom　　A.Writing　    B.Havingwritten　    C.Written　　　    D.Beingwritten38.Wereyou____whenyousawthatwildanimal?　　A.fright　　　    B.frightening　　　    C.frightened　　　    D.frighten39.Properly____withnumbers,thebookscanbeeasily-159- found.　A.marked　　　    B.mark　　　    C.tomark　　　    D.marking40.Thechildsatinthedentist"schair____.　　　A.tremble　　　    B.trembling　　　    C.trembled　　　    D.totrembled41.Atthismomentthebellrang　____theendofclass.　　A.announce　　　    B.announcing　　　    C.announced　　　    D.toannounce42.Hewalkeddownthehills,____softlytohimself.　　　A.sing　　　    B.singing　　　    C.sung　　　    D.tosing43.Ihadtoshouttomakemyself____abovethenoise.　　A.heared　　　    B.hearing　　　    C.heard　　　    D.tohear44.Thegraduatingstudentsarebusy____materialfortheirreports.　A.collect　　　    B.tocollect　　　    C.collected　　　    D.collecting45.Thecars____inBeijingareasgoodasthose____inShanghai.　　A.produce,produce　　    B.produced,produced　C.produced,producing　    D.producing,producing46.WhenIcamein,IsawDr.Li　____apatient.　　A.examine　　　    B.examining　　　    C.toexamine　　　    D.examined47.____asatisfactoryoperation,thepatientrecoveredfromillnessveryquickly.　　A.Havingbeengiven    B.Havinggiven　    C.Giving　　    D.Beinggiven48.　____asatisfactoryoperation,thedoctorbelievedthepatientwouldrecoverfromhisillnessverysoon.　　A.Havingbeengiven    B.Havinggiven　    C.Giving　　　    D.Beinggiven49.Hewrotealettertome____thathistriptoJapanhadbeenputoffbecauseofthebadweather　　A.inform　　　    B.informing　    C.informed　　    D.beinginformed50.Hereadsnewspaperseverydaytokeephimself____aboutwhat"sgoingonintheworld.　A.inform　　    B.informing　    C.informed　    D.beinginformed　Keys:1~20:  BCBBC　CDCCC　　BBBBD　DABCD　　21~40:  DBBCC　ADDCC　ACDBC　ABCAB　41~50:  BBCDB　BABBC第十三章主谓一致一、基础练习1．TheleagueSecretaryandmonitor______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting．  A．isB．areC．hasD．were  2．Eachmanandeachwoman______askedtoattend．  A．areB．isC．hasD．were  3．Manyastudent______seenthispainting．  A．hasB．haveC．isseenD．sees  4．Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates______invitedtotheparty．  A．WasB．wereC．hasD．have  5．Halfoftheapples______good．  A．IsB．areC．was-159- D．be  6．“All______presentandall______goingonwell．”ourmonitorsaid．  A．is,isB．are,are  C．is,areD．are,is  7．Maryaswellashersisters______ChineseinChina．  A．arestudyingB．havestudied  C．studiesD．study  8．I,who_______yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy．  A．beB．am,C．areD．is  9．Therich______notalwayshappy．  A．areB．isC．hasD．have  10．Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______elected．  A．areB．haveC．hasD．is  11．ChairmanMao’sworks______published．  A．hasbeenB．havebeen  C．wasD．is  12．Tenthousanddollars______morethanIcanafford．  A．hasbeenB．havebeenC．isD．are  keys:  1．A2．B3．A4．A5．B6．D  7．C8．B9．A10．D11．A12．C二、提高练习1.NobodybutJane____thesecret.(86)A.know　　　　B.knows　　　　　C.haveknown　　　D.isknown　　　　　　　　　　　　2.Allbutone_____herejustnow.(87)A.is　　　　　B.was　　　　　　C.hasbeen　　　　D.were　　　　　　　　　　　　　　3.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.(89)A.is　　　　　B.are　　　　　　C.am　　　　　　　　D.be　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　4.Alibrarywithfivethousndbooks_______tothenationasagift.(90)A.isoffered　B.haveoffered　C.areoffered　　　D.hasoffered　　　　　　　　　　　5.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.(91)A.isnotdecided　　B.arenotdecided    C.hasnotdecided　　D.havenotdecided　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　6.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.(96)A.were,was　B.was,was　　　C.was,were　　　　D.were,were　　　　　　　　　　　7._____ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(2000)A.Twofifth,is　　　B.Twofifth,are  C.Twofifths,is　　D.Twofifths,are　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　8.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.A.have　　　　B.has　　　　　　C.havebeen　　　　　　D.hasbeen　　　　　　　9.Betweenthentworowsoftrees_____theteachingbuilding.A.stand　　　B.stands　　　　C.standing　　　　　　D.are10.Allthatcanbedone______.A.hasbeendone　　　B.hasdone  C.havedone　　　　D.weredone11.Theyeach_____anew-159- dictionary.A.has　　　　　B.have　　　　　C.is　　　　　　　　　　D.are12.Thesingerandthedancer______cometothemeeting.A.has　　　　　B.have　　　　　C.are　　　　　　　　　D.is13.Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook;therest_____moredifficult.A.is　　　　　B.are　　　　　C.was　　　　　　　　　D.were14.Thewounded_______bythehospital.A.havebeentakenin　　　　　　C.hasbeentakeninC.havetakenin　　　　　　　　D.hastakenin答案：1-5BDBAA　　6-10CCCBA　　11-14BBAA第十四章反意疑问句及倒装句1.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____?A.hasn’the  B.isn’the  C.isn’tit  D.hasn’tit2.Let’stakearest,___________.A.willwe  B.shallwe  C.shan’twe  D.won’twe3.Letuspass,_________?A.shan’twe  B.shallwe  C.won’twe  D.willyou4.Waitaminute,__________?A.shallyouB.willyouC.doyouD.don’tyou5.Thesuit’sfinished,__________?A.doesn’tit  B.isn’tit  C.haven’tyou  D.hasn’tit6.He’spostedtheletter,_________he?A.isn’t  B.doesn’t  C.hasn’t  D.wasn’t7.They’dgowithus,__________?A.wouldn’tthey  B.didn’tthey  C.hadn’tthey  D.couldn’tthey8.Whatfreshair,________?A.isit  B.doesit  C.isn’tit  D.doesn’tit9.TheEmperor’sclothesbecamethetalkofthewholecity,_________?A.diditB.didn’titC.didtheyD.didn’tthey10.Mr.AndMrs.Turnerworkinthishospital,________?A.arethey  B.aren’tthey  C.dothey  D.don’tthey11.Shehasbreakfastatsixeveryday,________?A.hasshe  B.hasn’tshe  C.doesshe  D.doesn’tshe12.Nothingseemstopleaseher,_________?A.doesit  B.doesn’tit  C.isit  D.isn’tit13.Shenevertellsalie,________?A.doesshe  B.doesn’tshe  C.isit  D.isn’tit14.Youhardlyknoweachother,_________?A.doyouB.don’tyou  C.haveyouD.didn’tyou15.Themaninbluemustbeyourbrother,_____?A.mustn’the  B.needn’the  C.isn’the  D.ishe16.Idon’tthinkhewillcometoourparty,_____?A.willhe  B.won’the  C.doeshe  D.doI17.Isupposehe’sserious,-159- ___________?A.doIB.don’tIC.isheD.isn’the18.Wangsaidthathewasnottherethen,_____?A.didhe  B.didn’the  C.washe  D.wasn’the19.Youdaren’tsaythattohim,_________?A.dareyou  B.doyou  C.daren’tyou  D.don’tyou20.YoumusthavereadaboutDickenslongago,__________?A.mustn’tyou  B.haven’tyou  C.can’tyou  D.didn’tyou21.You’dbetternotsmokehere,________?A.willyou  B.shallyou  C.haveyou  D.hadyou22.Thereisn’tgoingtobeavolleyballmatchnextweek,__________?A.isit  B.isn’tit  C.isthere  D.isn’tthere23.Thereusedtobeachurchbehindthecemetery,_____________?A.didn’tthere  B.usedthere  C.usedn’tIt  D.didn’tit24.Whatalovelyday,_________?A.doesn’tit  B.hasn’tit  C.won’t  D.isn’tit25.Youmusthavebeenthere,____________?A.haveyou  B.didyou  C.haven’tyou  D.didn’tyou26.Thatisyourschool,___________?A.isn’tthat  B.mustn’tit  C.isn’tit  D.won’tit27.Shedislikesthisskirt,_________________?A.doesn’tshe  B.doesshe  C.isn’tshe  D.isshe28.Noonecanstopusfromgoingthere,______?A.can’tit  B.canthey  C.can’tthey  D.canone29．---Whereisyourfather?---Oh,__________.　A．herecomeshe　　　　　　B．heredoeshecomeC．heherecomes　　　　　　　D．herehecomes30．Look,_________.　A．herethebuscomes  B．hereisthebuscomingC．herecomesthebus  D．herethebusiscoming31．________,Iwouldhavephonedyou.　A．IfIknewit　B．HadIknownit  C．IfIknowit　　　D．DidIknowit32．_________intheriveryesterday,theboy_________.　A．WereMrBlacknot;wouldnotbedrowned  B．WereMrBlack;wouldbedrownedC．HadMrBlacknotbeen;wouldhavebeendrownedD．Hadn"tMrBlackbeen;wouldhavedrowned33．---Itwascoldyesterday.---__________.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A．Soitwas  B.Soisittoday  C．Sowasitthedaybefore  D．Soitdid34．---She"spassedtheentranceexamination.---____.　　A．SoamI　B．SohaveI  C．SoIhave　　D．AlsoIhave35．________thathefounditdifficulttostopattheredlight.A．SofasthewasdrivingB．SofasthedroveC．SofastwashedrivingD．Sofastdrivehe36．Hardly___________therailwaystationwhenthetrainstarted.　A．didreach　B．hadIreached  C．Ireached　　．Ihadreached37．Nosooner_________asleepthansheheardaknockatthe-159- door.　A．shehadfallen  B．hadshefallenC．shehadfell  　D．hadshefell38．Onlyafterhisdeath__________consideredcorrect.　A．washistheory  B．histheorywasC．didhistheory  　D．hadhistheory39．_________hisappearancethatnoonecouldrecognizehim.　　A．Sowasstrange  B．WassostrangeC．Sostrangewas　D．Strangesowas40．__________aboutherillnessandstillworkedveryhard.　　A．Sheknowslittle  B．LittledidsheknowC．Littledoessheknow  D．Shedidn"tknowsomething41．Onlywhenthelinewasfixed_________fromfloatingawayfromthespaceship.A．couldhekeepB．hecouldkeepC．hecouldbekeptD．couldhebekept42．__________,shewantedtobuyherhusbandaChristmasgift.　A．Asshewasshortofmoney  B．ThoughmoneyisshortC．Shewasshortofmoney  D．Shortofmoneyasshewas43．_________abouttheuniverseuptillnow.　A．WeknowquitealotB．OnlylittlewehaveknownC．VerylittlehaveweknownD．Somuchwedoknow44．_________,shewasverybrave.A．GirlasshewasB．AsshewasagirlC．Agirlasshewas　D．Girlaswasshe45．Such_________theresultsoftheexperiments.A．is  B．was  C．are　　D．asbe46．AlbertEinsteincaredlittleformoney.___________ProfessorWang.　A．Eitherdid  B．Sowas  C．Sodid　　D．Neitherdid47．____therenogravity,therewouldbenohumanbeingsontheearth.A．If　B．Ifwas  C．Ifnot　　D．Were48．Onlywhen________thepainting_________decidewhetherthepaintingisworthbuying.　A．thesees;hecan  B．doeshesee;canheC．hesees;canhe  D．seeshe;hecan49．Onthewall___________twolargeportraits.A．hangs　B．hang  C．hanged　　　D．arehanging50．_________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A．WereB．Should  C．Would　　D．Will参考答案：1~20:CBDBB  CACDD  DAAAC  ADBAD  21~40:DCADC  CABDC  BCDBC  BBACB41~50:DDCAC  DDCBB第十五章名词性从句1.Goandgetyourcoat.It"s_______youleftit.A.there      B.where      C.therewere      D.wherethere2._______thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.Whenever      B.If      C.Whether      D.That-159- 3.Theproblemis_______hehasenoughtime.A.if      B.whether      C./      D.that4.Hemadeapromise_______hewouldhelpme.A.what      B.when      C.that      D.which5.Iremember_______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.how      B.when      C.where      D.what6.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand_____mademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.A.that          B.this          C.what        D.which7.Hetoldmethenews____theQueenwouldvisitChinathenextmonth.  A.that          B.which        C.when        D.when8.Whentheholidaysweredrawingnear,IaskedmyAmericanfriends___wasthebestwaytotravelintheUnitedStates.  A.that          B.what        C.such        D.that9.Hewasluckyenoughtosellhiscarforexactly______.  A.wherehehadpaidforit      B.whathehadpaidforit  C.whathewaspaidforit        D.whichhehadpaidforit10.Sometimesweareasked______wethinkthelikelyresultofanactionwillbe.  A.that        B.what        C.which        D.whether11.Theyhavenotmadeanydecisionon______theyaregoingtodotodealwiththewasteandcontrolpollution.  A.that        B.which        C.if          D.what12.---Doyouknowhim?---Yes,butIcan’tremember________Imethimforthefirsttime.A.where        B.what        Cthat          D.if13.---Doyouknow_____Mr.Black’saddressis.  ---HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I"mnotsureof_____.  A.what;which      B.where;which      C.where;what      D.what;where14.Thisoldcomputermusthavebeenofgreatuseto_______didthescientificresearch.  A.those        B.when        C.whoever      D.whomever15._______alltheinventionshaveincommonis_____theyhavesucceeded.  A.What;what      B.That;that      C.What;that      DThat;what16.---Irangyouataboutten,buttherewasnoreply.  ---Oh,thatwasprobably____Iwasseeingthedoctor.  A.when          B.why          C.what        D.that17.Mariahastobaby-sit.That’s______shecan"tcomewithus.  A.why          B.how          C.when        D.what18.____surprisedmemostwas______theyhadfinisheditsoquickly.  A.What,what      B.That,that      C.What,that      D.That,what19.Thereasonwhyshecouldn’tcometothemeetingwas_____shehadnotbeeninvited.  A.because        B.which        C.that        D.why20.Insomecountries,____iscalled"equality"doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.  A.which        B.that          C.what          D.-159- one21.Althoughheknewlittleabouttheworkdoneinthefieldofphysics,hesucceeded______otherexperiencedexpertsfailed.  A.which        B.that        C.what        D.where22.Fathermadeapromise_______Ipassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeabicycle.                              A.that        B.if        C.whether        D.thatif                                23.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.that        B.if          C.whether        D.不填24.Hewantedtomakesure__________.        A.howwewenttherebybus        B.wheredidwegoC.whatdidwegothere          D.whenwewentthere                                        25._____theywonthegamewas______wehadexpected.  A.That;which      B.Whether;that      C.What;that      D.That;what26.Ireallydon"tmindmuch________theycametovisitmeornot.  A.because        B.why        C.when        D.whether27.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadnotenoughmoneytodotheresearch.  A.whether        B.that        C.if          D.what28.____wecan"tgetseemsbetterthan_____wehave.  A.What;what      B.What;that      C.That;that      D.That;what29.___surprisedmemostwas____hewastoolatefortheimportantmeeting,forhewaschairmanofit.A.What;why      B.That;how      C.What;how      D.That;why30.Althoughmostofthemhavenodoubt____hewillpasstheexam,Istillthinkthereissomethingabout_____hehasreallygoteverythingready.  A.whether;that      B.that;whether      C.that;that        D.whether;whether31._______beatXiaoWangblackandblueisnotknown.A.Whom      B.Whoever      C.Who      D.What32.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.A.however      B.whatever      C.whichever      D.wherever33.Hewasneversatisfiedwithorproudof____hehadachieved.A.what      B.that      C.which      D.allwhich34.Canyoutellme____gettotherailwaystation?A.howcanI      B.whatIcan      C.howIcan      D.whereIcan35.Wedon’tknow______.A.thisiswhosedictionary      B.whosedictionaryisthisC.whosedictionarythisis      D.whoseisthisdictionary36.Theproblemis____wecanfinishtheworkwithinsuchashorttime.A.that      B.why      C.how      D.when37.___theboydidn’ttakethemedicinemadehismotherveryangry.A.That      B.What      C.How      D.Which38.Eachblindmanbelieved____heknewjust____theelephantlookedlike.A.that;what      B.what;that      C.that;that      D.what;-159- what39.Itwasbytheroadside____thesixblindmensatquarrellingabouttheelephant.A.when      B.which      C.onwhich      D.that40.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgone            B.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehadhegone      D.wherehashegone41.Doyouknow____yourparentsarepleased____you’vedone?A.why;forwhat      B.how;withwhat      C.that;withwhich      D.how;forwhat42.Thereason____hehasn’tcomeis____hehastolookafterhisfather.A.that;because      B.why;because      C.why;that      D.which;because43.______isunfitfortheoffice.A.Itseemstomethat            B.ItseemstomethatheC.Thatseemshe            D.Thatseemstohimthat44.Thatis____papercameintouseinChina.A.how      B.that      C.what      D.which45.Itlooks____weshallhavetodotheworkourselves.A.that      B.like      C.seeming      D.asthough46.____isnotknownyet.A.Whenshehasgone            B.WhereshehasgoneC.Howdidsheleave            D.Whydidshego47.Hissuggestion____toseetheexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.A.thatwego            B.whichweshouldgoC.thatwewouldgo            D.whenweshouldgo48.I’vegottomake____hetoldalie.A.thatclear      B.itclearthat      C.quiteclear      D.thisclearthat49.Wordcame____hispoemwonthefirstprize.A.that      B.whether      C.as      D.because50.Somepeoplebelieve___iseasierforsmallcountriestobecomestrongandrichthanforlarge____.A.that;country      B.it;one      C.that;countries      D.it;onesKeys:1~20:  BCBCB  CABBB  DAACC  AACCC  21~40:  DDCDD  DBAAB  CBACC  CAADA  41~50:  BCBAD  BABAB第十六章定语从句1.Weshouldlearnfromthose______arealwaysreadytohelpothers.A.who  B.whom  C.they  D.that2.Mr.Herpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswho____inChina.A.works  B.isworkingC.areworkingD.hasbeenworking3Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______toShanghai..A.havegone  B.havebeen  C.hasbeen  D.hadgon4.I,______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whois  B.whoam  C.thatis  D.which-159- am5.Theoldmanhastwosons,______arelawyers.A.bothofthem  B.bothofwho  C.bothofwhom  D.bothofthey6.Heisamanofgreatknowledge,____muchcanbelearned.  A.inwhom  B.aboutwhom  C.fromwhom  D.ofwhom7Doyouknowtheman______justnow?A.towhoInodded      B.InoddedtoC.whomInoddedD.WhomInoddedtohim.8.Theman____hasgonetoJapan.A.whomItoldyou  B.thatItoldyou  C.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout9.Pleasepassmethedictionary______coverisblack.A.whichB.its  C.whoseD.whichof10.Theradioset______lastweekhasbeenoutoforder.A.IboughtB.Iboughtit  C.whichIboughtit  D.whatIbought11.Alltheapples______felldownfromthetreewereeatenupbythepigs.  A.which  B./  C.that      D.they12.Icantellyou______hetoldmelastweek.  A.allwhich  B.allwhat      C.thatall        D.allthat13.Thisisthebiggestlab______wehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity.A.which  B.what  C.that  D.where14.Isoxygentheonlygas______helpsfireburn?A.that      B./  C.which    D.what15.Air,______webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.  A.that  B./  C.which  D.it16.Thisisthemuseum______wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.that  B.which  C.where      D.inthat17.Thismuseumis______youvisitedtheotherday.A.that  B.which  C.where  D.theone18.Thisisthemuseum______yousawtheotherday.A.thatB.where  C.inwhich  D.inthat19.Itisthethirdtime__latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived20.Itwasin1969___theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.that  B.which  C.inwhich      D.when21.Weoftenthinkofthedays______wespenttogetherontheisland.A.whenB.whichC.inwhichD.duringwhich22.HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai,______Ilefttenyearsago?A.where  B.which  C.that  D.when23.HehasleftBeijing,______ameetingistobeheld.A.when  B.where  C.as  D.which24.Thisistheveryplace______I’mwishingtolivein.A.where  B.which  C.that  D.inwhich25.Isitinthatfactory______“RedFlag”carsaremade?A.inwhichB.where  C.that  D.which26.Ihaveboughtthesamedress______sheiswearing.A.as  B.that  C.which    D.-159- than27.Canyousolvesuchproblems______raisedbytheaudience?A.whatwere      B.aswereC.thatwere  D.whichwere28.Thereason______hedidn’tcomewas__hewasinjured.A.that,because  B.why,that      C.why,becauseD.that,that29.HemustbefromAfrica,______canbeseenfromhisskin.A.that  B.as  C.it  D.what30.Hisfatherdiedlastyear,______madeitimpossibleforhimtogoabroad.A.when  B.which  C.as  D.that31.______isnatural,hemarriedMary.A.It  B.What  C.Which  D.As32.Thebuses,__werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.mostofthem  B.mostofwhichC.whichmost  D.thatmost33.All______isneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.that  C.what  D.which34.Hepaidtheboy10dollarsforwashingtenwindows,mostof______hadnotbeencleanedforyears.A.theseB.those  C.that  D.which35.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.it  B.which  C.this  D.that36.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom37.Thisisoneofthemeans______theelectricenergyisconductedfromoneplacetoanother.A.bywhich          B.bythat          C.throughwhich        D.throughthat38.Theplace______youaregoingtovisitistheruinofaplace.  A.inwhichB.atwhichC.where  D.which39.Thelastriver______theycrossedistwomileswide.A.where  B.whichC.that  D.inwhich40.TheSummerPalaceisoneofthemostbeautifulparks______builtintheQingDynasty.A.wherewere  B.wherewas        C.thatwere        D.whichwas41.Thefactory______Iamgoingtoistheplace______mymotherusedtoworkmanyyearsago.A.where,where        B.where,which  C.which,where      D.that,which42.Don’ttrustsuchmen______overpraiseyoutoyourface.A.as  B.thatC.who  D.which43.Theprofessorhastwosons,______areteachinginthesameuniversity.A.neitherofthem  B.eitherofthem      C.bothofthem      D.bothofwhom44.Don’tdosuchthings______youarenotsureabout.A.that  B.which  C.asD.what45.Roberisgoodatlanguage,______weallknow.A.becauseB.for  C.as  D.since46.Chinahashundredsofislands,______weallknow.A.inwhich  B.atwhichC.ofwhich  D.which47.Shewrotealettertoherfather,______shemadehersecretknown.A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.where48.Oxygenisakindofgas,______wecouldn’tlive.A.withoutitB.withoutthatC.withoutwhich  D.if-159- not49.Matterisanything______A.hattakeupspaceandhaveweight      B.whichtakeupspaceandhaveweightC.thattakesupspaceandhasweight        D.thosetakeupspaceandhaveweight50.Ihavemanybooks,thebest______wasborrowedbyMary.A.aboutthem  B.ofwhich  C.amongthem  D.inwhich51.Sheshowedmethedictionary____shepaidalotofmoney.A.bywhich  B.towhich  C.forwhich  D.onwhich52.AbrahamLincolnisaman______Ihavethegreatestrespect.A.who  B.towhomC.whomD.forwhom53.Edisonhadonesuit______verylittlemoney,andwhichheworeuntilitwasthin.A.whichcost        B.whichcosts        C.whichwascost      D.whichhascosted54.Thepeople______inthepaperdidnotlikeit,butotherreaderslikeditverymuch.A.whowaswrittenB.whowerewritten    C.whowerewrittenabout              D.whomwerewrittenabout55.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything______hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whatever  D.that56.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose57.MayorwillmakeaninspectionofourschoolonMonday,______youcantellhimhowhardthesituationwearein.A.whereB.whichC.when  D.that58.I’llshowyouthemagazine______Iboughttheotherday.A.who  B.that  C.what  D.where59.Theperson______talkingtotheshopassistantisanengineer.A.whoisB.whatisC.whomisD.whoyouare60.Thatistheoffice______Lincolnonceworkedin.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.inwhich61.Thegirl______auntisafamoussingerisfondofmusic.A.whoB.whomC.that  D.whose62.TheskirtisAnn’s,______colorisblue.A.it’s  B.whose  C.who’s  D.that63.Thewashingmachine______lastWednesdayworkswell.A.Ibought  B.IboughtitC.whichIbuyD.thatIboughtit64.Thecollegestudentsaskedthesoldiereverything______hesawatthefront.A.that  B.which  C.what  D.allwhat65.LastyearwevisitedtheSummerPalace,_isoneofthemostbeautifulplacesinBeijing.A.whereB.whichC.inwhich  D.that66.Shanghaiistheveryplace______theforeignersareeagertovisit.A.where  B.inwhichC.thatD.whose67.Thedoctor___isgoingtoEuropenextyear.A.whichthemanageristalkingtoB.whothemanageristalkingC.themanageristalkingtohimD.themanageristalkingto68.Doyouhaveanything___Icandoforyou?A.whichB.what  C.else  D.when69.All______youmustdonowistolendustendollars,becausewehaven‘tbroughtany-159- moneywithusatthemoment.A.that  B.what  C.which  D.things70.Thosearemodelworkers,some______areyoungfellows.A.ofthatB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofwhose71.TheScienceBuildingisverybeautiful,behind______thereisanorchard.A.whichB.whatC.this    D.these72.Joanisoneofthebestwriterswho______publishedalotofbooks.A.has  B.have  C.havebeen  D.are73.Whentheymetagain,thetwofriendstalkedaboutlotsofthingsandpersons______wecouldrememberintheschool.A.who  B.whom  C.that  D.which74.Heis______everyonerespects.A.theperson          B.theonewhich  C.whom    D.who75.Thisisthemodernhotel_____theguestscanenjoythemostcomfortablethings.A.whereB.whichC.that  D.inthat76.July27,1989istheday______Iwillneverforget,whenwehadawonderfultime.A.onwhichB.whenC.whom  D.that77.Bothofthemwillrememberthemonthsandtheyears______theyspentinthearmy.A.whichB.whenC.inwhich  D.what78.Itisthefactory______producesallkindsofTVsets.A.inwhichB.which  C.what  D.where79.Thesunisbiggerthantheearth,______evenachildknows.A.that  B.who  C.as  D.what80.MissZhangdevotedherselftothedevelopmentofeducation,______ledtoherfinalsuccess.A.that  B.which  C.sothat  D.so81.Everything___shouldbe__bedonerightnow.A.that,donemust  B.that,mustdoneC.which,doneshouldD.that,should82.Isthatthelab_____wedidphysicsexperimentsinduringourmiddleschooldays.A.whatB.whereC.which  D.theone83.Isthelab_theforeignersvisitedyesterday?A.thatB.where  C.inwhichD.theone84.Ihavethesamebook_youboughtjustnow.A.which  B.that  C.as  D.whose85.I’dliketoborrow_____typewriteraswasusedyesterday.A.asB.thesame  C.theother  D.same86.I,__oneofthesports-lovers,oftenspendsometimeontraininginthestadium.A.whoamB.whoisC.thatamD.whomis87.Let’sdiscuss______questions______areaboutthefutureoftheyouth.A.so,asB.as,thatC.such,thatD.such,as88.Theman______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.A.whoB.whose  C.which  D.what89.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions___wereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which90.Thesebooks______hereadsomewerewrittenbyLuXun.-159- A.whichB.amongwhichC.of  which  D.withwhich91.Icanstillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whichB.whatC.that  D.where92.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,______wasveryreasonable.(2000)A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhich  C.itsprice  D.thepriceofwhose93.Isthisthehouse______hewasborn?A.atwhereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich94.Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose  D.with95.Thewatchhe______wentwrongagain.A.hadtobemendedB.hasmended  C.hadhadmended      D.hadbeenmended96.Togetthejobstarted,______Ineedisyourpermission.A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat97.All______isneededisacupoftea.A.thethingB.thatC.what  D.which98.Thedoctor______isleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohim  B.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingto    D.whothenurseistalking99.Hemetmymother,from______hegotthenewsofmymarriage.A.who  B.whom  C.which    D.her100.Aftergraduationheaskedtobesenttotheplace______A.whereheismostneededB.whereheneed  C.whereheismostlyneededD.whereishemostlyneeded.参考答案：1—5  ACCBC    6—10  CBDCA  11—15  CDCAC  16—20  CDACA21—25  BBBCC  26—30  ABBBB  31—35  DBBDB  36—40  DADCC41—45  CADCC  46—50  CCCCB51—55  CDACD  56—60  DCBAB61—65  DBAAB  66—70  CDCAB  71—75  ABCAA  76—80  DABCB81—85  ACDCB  86—90  ADADC91—95  DBCCC  96—100CBCBA第十七章　状语从句1.Afterthewar，anewschoolbuildingwasputup________therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.that      B.where      C.which      D.when2.____hetookpartinthecompetition,hewonasecondprize.  A.Forthefirsttime      B.Atatime        C.Atonetime        D.Thefirsttime3.Iwouldappreciateit_______youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor’sappointment.A.until      B.if      C.when      D.that4.Ihadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothes_____Iheardthevoices.  A.as          B.after          C.while          D.when5.Theclasswentonwiththestory_____theyhadleftitbeforetheholiday.  A.where        B.which        C.inwhich        D.when6.Thecompanyhasafreelong-distancetelephonenumber_____customersmaycallwithanyquestionstheyhaveaboutitsproducts.  A.although        B.as          C.evenif        D.sothat7.---IsMr.Smithinthe-159- office?---Yes，________heisinchargeoftheoffice，hemustbethere.A.since      B.however      C.whether      D.for8.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight，buttheyhungup________Icouldanswerthephone.A.as      B.since      C.until      D.before9.---Don’tlookdownuponBob.Hehashisownadvantages.---Oh,yes.________othersareweak,heisstrong.A.If      B.When      C.Where      D.Though10.Thedaymustbebreaking,_____thebirdshavebegunsinging.  A.because          B.as          C.for          D.since11.Johnmayphonetonight.Idon’twanttogoout________hephones.A.aslongas      B.inorderto      C.incase      D.sothat12.____otherssay,theexpertissurethathistheoryiscorrect  A.Nomatter      B.Itdoesn’tmatter      C.Whatever      D.What13.Manyplacesarefloodedbyheavyrainfalls,sotheycan’twalk_______theylikethesedays.  A.when          B.whenever      C.where        D.wherever14.Hisfatherbegantowork______hischildhood.  A.since        B.before        C.asearlyas        D.while15.Therooffell_____hehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.  A.before        B.as          C.after          D.until16.---Thethreadofmykitebrokeanditflewaway.  ---Ihadtoldyouitwouldeasilybreak________itwastheweakest  A.when        B.where        C.unless        D.since17.Thecrowdstartedcheering______herosetospeak.                A.as          B.since        C.till          D.where18.Ihadworkedhere______youcamehere.ButIshallleaveforEngland______.  A.beforelong,beforelong        B.beforelong;longbefore  C.longbefore,beforelong        D.longbefore;longbefore19.Scientistssayitmaybefiveortenyears_____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.since        B.before          C.after          D.when20.___theInternetisbringingthedistancebetweenpeople,itmayalsobebreakingsomehomesorwillcauseotherfamilyproblems.  A.When          B.If          C.As          D.While21.Thoughheisinhissixties,______heworksashardasayoungman  A.yet          B.but          C.and          D.andyet22.Thetwogirlslook____muchalike____noonecantellthemapart.  A.so,that        B.so,and        C.as,that        D.such,that23.Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen_________hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.　A.which　　      B.when　　          C.sothat　　          D.asif24.Beijingislargerthan____cityinAfrica  A.any          B.other        C.each          D.any-159- other25.Wemusthurryup________catchthelasttrain.A.that      B.sothatto      C.inorderthat      D.inorderto26.Nomatter________harditmaybe，Iwillcarryitout.A.what      B.whatever      C.how      D.however27.________youmaydo，youmustdoitwell.A.Which      B.Whenever      C.Whatever      D.When28.---AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoNewYorkfortheholiday?---No.ButifI________thetime，Iwoulddefinitelygo.A.have      B.had      C.havehad      D.wouldhave29.________youaresoweak，you’dbetterstayathome.A.Since      B.For      C.Because      D.Though30.EnglishandFrencharetaughthere.Youcanchoose________youlike.A.nomatterwhich      B.whichever      C.which      D.whatever31.IsawMr.SmithlastSunday.Wehadnotseeneachother________IleftLondon.A.as      B.before      C.since      D.till32.I’llbebackbeforeyou________.A.willleave      B.willhaveleft      C.leave      D.wouldleave33.Theproblemwon’tbesettleduntilwe________achancetodiscussitthoroughly.A.havehad      B.willhave      C.willhavehad      D.wouldhave34.Ifyou________thisexperiment，youwillunderstandthetheorybetter.A.willbedoing      B.havedone      C.willhavedone      D.woulddo35.Theywentonworking________itwaslateatnight.A.evenif      B.asif      C.however      D.asthough36.Ihurried________Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.since      B.sothat      C.asif      D.unless37.________youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage，youshowyourskillstoothers.A.Attimes      B.Sometime      C.Bythetime      D.Everytime38.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter，________.A.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyread      B.buthisworksarenotwidelyreadC.hisworksarenotwidelyread      D.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread39.Weshouldfinishtheimportantjob，________.A.longittakeshowever      B.ittakeshoweverlongC.longhoweverittakes      D.howeverlongittakes40.________comestothepartywillreceiveagift.A.Nomatterwho      B.Who      C.Whichone      D.Whoever41.Sheiswillingtohelpyou,________busysheis.A.what      B.how      C.however      D.whatever42.Nomatter________harditmaybe，I’llcarryitout.A.what      B.whatever      C.how      D.however43.Whydoyouwanttofindanewjob________you’vegotsuchagoodonealready?A.that      B.where      C.which      D.when44.________heis,hewillbethinkingofyou.A.Wherever      B.Where      C.Nowthat      D.Assoonas45.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings________youcanfindthem-159- again.A.when      B.where      C.then      D.there46.Hegotexcitedatthenews，________Iwascalm.A.when      B.while      C.because      D.after47.---ShallBrowncomeandplaycomputergames?---No，________hehasfinishedhishomework.A.when      B.if      C.unless      D.once48.HardlyhadhearrivedinHongkong________sherangmeup.A.when      B.than      C.that      D.and49.________theyheardtheshoutforhelp，theyrushedout.A.Immediately      B.Themoment      C.Thewhile      D.Alltheabove50.________，heneverseemsabletodotheworkbeautifully.A.Tryashemay      B.ashetries      C.Tryasdoeshe      D.Ashedoestry51.If________，Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.hadhetoldme      B.hehadtoldme      C.hehastoldme      D.hewouldtellme52.---AliceismovingtohernewapartmentnextSaturday.---Iwouldbegladtohelpher，________needsomehelp.A.shouldshe      B.ifshewill      C.ifshe      D.ifshemight53.Wewillnevergivein________theymightdoorsayaboutourplan.A.nomatterhow      B.how      C.whatever      D.although54.IwonderifI________time.IfI________time，I’llgowithyou.A.have；have          B.willhave；willhaveC.have；willhave          D.willhave；have55.Bythetimeyou________back，thesupper________ready.A.willget；willbe      B.get；was      C.get；willbe      D.willget；is56.________Ilive，Iwillnevergiveintotheenemy.A.Asfaras      B.Aslongas      C.Aswellas      D.Assoonas57.Ireallywonder________hehaspostedmemanypackages________weworkedtogether.A.how；after      B.why；when      C.when；before      D.why；since58.Pleasepronouncetheword________Idid.A.bytheway      B.theway      C.themoment      D.like59.Iwasabouttoleavemyhouse________thephonerang.A.while      B.when      C.as      D.after60.Ihadcutthemeatintopieces________Motherstartedcooking.A.when      B.assoonas      C.after      D.while参考答案：1~20:  BDBDA  DADCC  CCDDA  BACBD21~40:  AACAD  CCBAB  CCABA  BDCDD41~60:  CCDAB  BCADA  BACDC  BDBBA第十八章　独立主格结构1.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.  A.Therewas  B.Therebeing  C.BecausetherebeingD.Therewere2.____,I"llgotherewithyoutomorrow-159- afternoon.  A.Timepermits  B.Iftimepermitting  C.Timepermitting  D.Time"spermitting3._____,weallwenthomehappily.  A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid  4._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.  A.Itbeingfineweather    B.Itfineweather  C.Itwasfineweather    D.Itbeingafineweather  5.____,thebusstartedatonce.  A.Thesignalwasgiven  B.Thesignalgiving  C.Thesignalgiven    D.Whenthesignalgiven  6.Shestoodthere,_____fromhercheeks.  A.tears"rollingdown    B.tearsrolleddown  C.withtearsrolleddown  D.tearsrollingdown7.____,theleavesareturninggreen.  A.Whenspringcomingon    B.Springcomingon  C.Springcameon    D.Springbeingcomeon8._____,Ihadtobuyanewone.  A.Mydictionarylosing    B.MydictionaryhavingbeenlostC.Mydictionaryhadbeenlost    D.Becausemydictionarylost9.Iusedtosleepwiththewindow_____.  A.opened  B.open  C.opening  Dtoopen10.____,thehunterwentintotheforest.  A.Agunonshoulder    B.Agunwasonhisshoulder  C.Gunonshoulder    D.Agunbeingonshoulder11.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.  A.As  B.For  C.With  D.Through12.Withalotofwork____,Ihavetosituptonight.  A.do    B.doing  C.done    D.todo  13.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips_____.  A.trembling    B.trembled    C.weretrembling    D.weretrembling  14._____,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.  A.Allthingsconsidering      B.AllthingsconsideredC.Allthingswereconsidered  D.Withallthingswereconsidered15.______,wewillsurelysucceed.  A.Theteacherhelpingus      B.Theteachertohelpus  C.Theteacherwillhelpus    D.Withtheteacherhelping答案：1-5  BCCAC    6-10  DBBBC    11-15CDABB-159-