初中英语语法-被动语态 19页

中考语法精讲——被动语态 被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done) 1.一般现在时am/is/are+doneWecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday. Heputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.2.一般过去时was/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim. 3.一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedoneTheywillplanttreestomorrow.TreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrowHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim. 4.现在完成时has/have+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim. 5.含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should+bedoneIcanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme. 被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。ThiswatchismadeinChina.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear. 3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood. 主动语态变被动语态的方法（主语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者（主语）（宾语）说明：（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。（3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 补充部分1.主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。Thiskindofshirtsellswell. 2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。例：Thisbookisworthreading. 4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行车需要修理。 课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten 1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhaveto  B．arenotkept；have    C．donotkeep；willhaveto    D．donotkeep；haveto   2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow. A.developedB.havedeveloped C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped 3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I"vebeentold  B．I"vetold C．I"mtold    D．ItoldACA 4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___. A.hascompleted  B.completes C.hasbeencompleted D.iscompleted 5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture. A.cut    B.arecut C.arebeingcut   D.hadbeencut 6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.  A.hasbeendesigned        B.hadbeendesigned C.wasdesigned    D.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.  A.breaks    B.hasbroken C.wasbroken             D.hadbeenbrokenDCBC 8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.   A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup C.havetakenplace;havesetup  D.weretakenplace;weresetup 9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.   A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost 10.---Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.      ---What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for? A.isbeingbuilt  B.hasbeenbuilt C.isbuilt   D.isbuilding 11.---Doyoulikethecloth?     ---Yes,it___verysoft. A.isfeeling  B.felt  C.feels   D.isfeltBDAC 12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese． A．write   B．towrite C．tobewritten   D．written 13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou． A．totype       B．typing C．tobetyped   D．typed 14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily. A.won’twashout B.won’tbewashedout C.isn’twashedout D.isn’twashingout 15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___. A.beputup  B.givein C.beturnedon  D.gooutBCAD 16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.  A.belongs   B.arebelongedto C.belongsto  D.belongto 17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?       ---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.  A.toread B.tobereadC.readingD.beingread 18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.  A.catching  B.tobecaught C.beingcaught  D.tocatch   19.Thispageneeded___again.  A.beingchecked B.checked C.tocheck  D.tobechecked 20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodoit.A.Havingtaught B.Havingbeentaught C.taught   D.TeachingDCCDB