PEP小学英语语法专题 30页

PEP小学英语语法专题专题Ⅰ名词复数规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5．不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,tooth-teethpeople-people,sheep-sheepfish-fish,练习写出下列各词的复数I_________him_________this___________her______watch_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry30 _____thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______paper_______  juice___________water________milk________rice__________tea__________专题Ⅱ一般现在时一、一般现在时基本用法1、一般现在时的功能①表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。②.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。③表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。2、一般现在时的构成①be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。②行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。30 3、一般现在时的变化①be动词的变化。　否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。　一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?　　-Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?②行为动词的变化。　否定句：主语+don"t(doesn"t)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon"tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句。如：Hedoesn"toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?　　-Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?　　-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?30 ◆动词+s的变化规则①一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks②以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,③以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studieswatch-watches,go-goes二、一般现在时专练1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______  carry____come________  watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________do_________  teach_______2、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。⑴Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.⑵DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.⑶We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.⑷Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.⑸______they________(like)theWorldCup?⑹What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?⑺_______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?⑻Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.30 ⑼SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.⑽There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.⑾Mike_______(like)cooking.⑿They_______(have)thesamehobby.⒀Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.⒁Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.⒂I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.⒃She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.⒄LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.⒅Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.⒆SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.⒇ －Whatday_______(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday3、按照要求改写句子⑴DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________⑵Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)________________________________________________________⑶Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)___________________________30 ⑷Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)___________________________________________________⑸Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)_______________________________________________________⑹HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________⑺Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)________________________________________________________⑻JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)___________________________________________________⑼Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)________________________________________________________⑽SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________4、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)⑴Is  yourbrotherspeakEnglish?    __________________⑵Doeshelikesgoingfishing?      __________________⑶Helikesplaygamesafterclass.    __________________⑷Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.        __________________⑸Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________30 专题Ⅲ现在进行时一、现在进行时的基本用法1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词ing? ◆动词加ing的变化规则①一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking②以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting③如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping二、现在进行时专项练习：1、写出下列动词的现在分词：play________run__________swim_________make________go_________like________  write_____ski_______read_____have_________sing  _____dance30 ______put_________see________buy_________love____________live_______take_________come________  get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：⑴Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.⑵Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.⑶Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefood  now.⑷What_____you______(do)now?⑸Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.⑹They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.⑺Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.⑻Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.⑼It’s  5  o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow⑽______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.3、句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)___________________________________________________________________________________________________30 2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)____________________________________________________________________________________________________3．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对斜体部分进行提问)__________________________________________________4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对斜体部分进行提问)_________________________________________________专题Ⅳ将来时理论及练习将来时基本理论1、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。2、基本结构：①begoingto+do；②will+do.3、否定句：在be动词（am,is,30 are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.4、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?5、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。① 问人。Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.② 问干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethis  afternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.③ 问什么时候。When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoing  tobed?6、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.将来时专项训练1、填空。30 ⑴ 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.⑵下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.⑶ 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.⑷你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_______you___________________meet?2、改句子。⑴Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancy________goingtogocamping.⑵I’llgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_______go______jointhem.⑶I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?30 ⑷Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.⑸Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）_______________she_________________________afterschool?⑹Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)__________________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.3、用所给词的适当形式填空。⑴Todayisasunnyday.We___________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.⑵Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek.⑶Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________(go)toschoolbybike.⑷Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually__________(watch)TVand____________(catch)insects?⑸It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She______________(watch)TVand_____________(catch)insects.⑹What___________(d0)youdolastSunday?I____________(pick)applesonafarm.What______________(do)nextSunday?I______________(milk)cows.⑺Mary____________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.30 ⑻LiuTao____________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.⑼David______________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.⑽I________________(plan)formystudynow.专题Ⅴ一般过去时一、一般过去时的基本理论1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn’t）⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren’t）⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子  否定句：didn’t+动词原形，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.  一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohome30 yesterday?  特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?◆动词过去式变化规则：①一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked②结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted③末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped④以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied4．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat二、一般过去时专项训练写出下列动词的过去式isam_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry________ask_____taste_________eat__________draw________put30 ______throw________kick_________pass_______do  ________●Be动词的过去时练习（1）Name____________  No.______Date__________一、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I_______atschooljustnow.2. He________atthecamplastweek.3. We________studentstwoyearsago.4. They________onthefarmamomentago.5. YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.6. There________anappleontheplateyesterday.7. There________somemilkinthefridgeonSunday.8. Themobilephone_______onthesofayesterdayevening.二、句型转换1.Itwasexciting.否定句：________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________肯、否定回答：___________________________________2.Allthestudentswereveryexcited.  否定句：_______________________________________一般疑问句：______30 ______________________________肯、否定回答：___________________________________3.Theywereinhispocket.  否定句：_______________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________肯、否定回答：___________________________________●Be动词的过去时练习（2）Name____________  No.______Date__________一、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I______anEnglishteachernow.2. She_______happyyesterday.3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.7. There________asignonthechaironMonday..8. Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.二、句型转换1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejust30 now.  否定句：_______________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________肯、否定回答：___________________________________肯、否定回答：___________________________________三、中译英1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。________________________________________________2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。________________________________________________3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。________________________________________________●行为动词的过去时练习（1）Name____________  No.______Date__________一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1.He_________(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We_______(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy________(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I________(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They________(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother_______(cook)anicefoodlastSpring30 Festival.8.Thegirls________(sing)and_______(dance)attheparty.二、句型转换1.SuHaitooksomephotosattheSportsday.  否定句：_______________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________肯、否定回答：___________________________________2.Nancywenttoschoolearly.  否定句：________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________肯、否定回答：___________________________________3.WesangsomeEnglishsongs.  否定句：________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________肯、否定回答：___________________________________●行为动词的过去时练习（2）Name____________  No.______Date__________一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.30 (go)4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother______.8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She__________(find)abeautifulbutterfly.二、句型转换1.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.  否定句：_______________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________肯、否定回答：___________________________________三、中译英1.格林先生去年住在中国。________________________________________________2.昨天我们参观了农场。_______________________________________________3.他刚才在找他的手机。________________________________________________●过去时综合练习（1）Name____________  No.______Date30 __________一、      用动词的适当形式填空1.It______(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall______(have)agoodtimelastnight.3.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen________(milk)acowonFriday.5.Shelikes______newspapers,butshe______abookyesterday.(read)6.He_______footballnow,butthey_______basketballjustnow.(play)7.Jim’smother_________(plant)treesjustnow.8._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.9.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.10.We___________(go)toschoolonSunday.二、 中译英1.我们上周五看了一部电影。________________________________________________2.他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。  _______________________________________________3.你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。  _______________________________________________4.你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。  _______________________________________________30 ●过去时综合练习（2）Name____________  No.______Date__________一、用动词的适当形式填空1.It_____(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite________(go)tohisofficebycar.2.GaoShan________(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.3.Don’t______thehouse.Mum_______ityesterday.(clean)4.What____you______justnow?I_______somehousework.(do)5.They_________(make)akiteaweekago.6.Iwantto______apples.Butmydad_______allofthemlastmonth.(pick)7._______he______theflowersthismorning?Yes,he_____.(water)8.She____(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_____(do)Chinesedances.9.Thestudentsoften_________(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.10.What______Mikedoonthefarm?He________cows.(milk)二、中译英1.他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。  _______________________________________________2.去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。  _______________________________________________30 3.他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。  _______________________________________________专题Ⅵ形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2．形容词加er的规则：⑴一般在词尾加er；⑵以字母e结尾，加r；⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er。3．不规则形容词比较级：  good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级1．形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)  ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同30 (不规则变化：well-better,far-farther)三、练习一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级  old__________  young________  tall_______  long________    short________  strong________  big________  small_______  fat_________  thin__________  heavy______  light________  nice_________  good_________  beautiful__________________  low__________  high_________  slow_______  fast________  late__________  early_________  far_________  well_______二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.5.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.6.Mary’shairisas__________(long)asLucy’s.7.Ben______(jump)________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.8.________Nancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_____.9.Fangfangisnotas_________(tall)astheothergirls.10.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she)..11.Whichis___________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?30 12.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?13._____thegirlsgetup_______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.14.Jimruns_____(slow).ButBenruns_____(slow).15.Thechilddoesn’t______(write)as____(fast)asthestudents.三)、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。________is_________thanJim？  ________are2、谁比David更强壮？是GaoShan.________  _________thanDavid?  GaoShan  ________.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_________pencilis_________,______or________？________is,Ithink.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？  我的弟弟的。_________apples  ________  ________,your_______oryour_______?My____________  ___________.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_________________as_________asyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He_______as  __________as________  ________Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。________________as_________as______twin_______?No,__________________than30 him.8.YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLing________to_______  ________thanSuYangeveryday.9.我跳得和Mike一样远。I_________as_______asMike.10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。____Tom_____  _____thanyou?No,he_______.He_____as_____as_____.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。________moreexercise,you’ll________  _________soon.12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I______________atScience.ButIdon’t_________wellinChinese.13.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。____you_______thekite_____thanWangbing?No,I______it_____than___.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike_______.Allmy______  _______  _______thanme.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_____  _____up_____thanme.16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。____thegirls______  ______  ______theboys?Yes,they____.17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。Shedoesn’t____  _____  inPE.ButIdon’t  ______ 30  _____than_____.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。___you____football_____thanyourclassmates?No,they____as____asme.19．我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_____  _____  ______thanmy______.20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。_____sweater_____  as_______as_____.21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。Mydress_____  too_____.Iwantto_____a______one.22.I"mtallerthanMike.(该成用原级的比较)I"m_________as________asMike.专题ⅦTherebe句型(一)1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)30 表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：  Howmany+ 名词复数+arethere+介词短语？  Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：  What’s+介词短语？（二）专项练习Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_________atape-recorder.4._____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.6.They___________anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou___________?8.______________areading-roominthebuilding?9.WhatdoesMike___________?30 10.______________anybooksinthebookcase?11.Myfather_________astory-book.12._______________astory-bookonthetable.13._______________anyflowersinthevase?14.Howmanystudents____________intheclassroom?15.Myparents___________somenicepictures.16._____________somemapsonthewall.17.______________amapoftheworldonthewall.18.David__________atelescope.19.David’sfriends___________sometents.20.______________manychildrenonthehill.用恰当的be动词填空。1、There      alotofsweetsinthebox.2、There    somemilkintheglass.3、There    somepeopleunderthethebigtree.4、There    apictureandamaponthewall.5、There    aboxofrubbersnearthebooks.6、There    lotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.7、There    atinofchickenbehindthefridgeyesterday.8、There    fourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.30 Fill  in  the  blank  with  “have,  has”1.  I_________anicepuppet.2.  He_________agoodfriend.3.  They__________somemasks.4.  We___________someflowers.5. She___________aduck.6. Myfather____________anewbike.7. Hermother___________avase.8. Ourteacher_________anEnglishbook.9. Ourteachers___________abasketball.10. Theirparents___________someblankets11. Nancy_________manyskirts.12. David__________somejackets.13. Myfriends__________afootball.14. Whatdoyou__________?15. WhatdoesMike__________?16. Whatdoyourfriends___________?17. WhatdoesHelen___________?18. Hisbrother________abasketball.19. Hersister_________anice30 doll.20. MissLi__________anEnglishbook.30