初中英语语法之句子的种类 9页

初中英语语法之句子的种类英语中的句子按其使用目的，句子可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。按语法结构，句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。Eg:陈述句：Thisisadog.疑问句：Isthisadog?祈使句：Openyoureyes!感叹句：Whatabeautifulbuildingitis!简单句：Iamstudying.并列句：IwasborninasmallvillageandIlivedtherefornearlytenyears.复合句：AssoonasIgetthere,I’llcallyou.1陈述句凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。Eg：WeliveinBeijing.Wedon’tliveinBeijing.(1)be动词、一般动词（实义动词）、情态动词的否定句 Iamnotastudent.Idon’tknowhim.Hecan’tspeakEnglish.01.be动词的否定句句型：主语+be动词+not+…Iwasn’tgoodatEnglish.Theyweren’tathomeyesterday.Heisn’tmycousin.进行时和被动语态都有be动词，它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。Eg：Theyaren’tcleaningtheroom.Thechildwasnotlookedafterbyanybody.将来时（will，shall）、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。Theywillnotbesenttothefront.Theywillbenotsenttothefront.×02情态动词的否定句句型：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形Eg：Ican’tdoitmyself.Youmustn’ttakethebooksout.Youmustnotgotherealone.03一般动词的否定句 句型：主语+do/does/did+not+动词原形Eg:Theydidn’tliveinShanghai.Hedoesn’tdohishomeworkeveryday.Theydidn’thavetheclass-meetingyesterdayafternoon.04现在完成时的否定句句型：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+……Ihaven’tfinishedreadingthebookyet.Hehasn’thadhisbreakfastyet.05过去完成时的否定句句型：主语+had+not+动词的过去分词+……Hehadn’tfinishedreadingthebookbytheendoflastmonth.(2).否定结构应注意事项01使用not的部分否定含有not的句子，如果使用了very,always以及不定代词all,both,every及every的复合词，则表示部分否定。Eg:Idon’tplayfootballverywell.Itisn’talwayshothereinsummer.02not的其他否定表示1.not…atall一点也不… I’mnottiredatall.Idon’tlikeitatall.2.not…anymore,not…anylonger再也不…Idon’tlivehereanylonger.=Inolonglivehere.Icannoteatanymore.=Icaneatnomore.03使用not以外的否定词表示否定1.用no表示：no+名词=notany…一点也不…Thereisnowind.=Thereisnotanywind.2.never绝不Iwillneverforgetyou.Hehasneverbeenabroad.3.few/little几乎没有Hehasfewfriends.Fewpeopleunderstandthedifference.Ihavelittlemoney.Thereislittlewaterintheglass.4.noone=nobody无人Nooneknowstheanswer.=Nobodyknowstheanswer.5.nothing=notanything什么也没有Ihavenothingtodotoday.6.noneof…没有任何人；什么也没有Noneofthemcananswerit. Ieatnoneofthefood.7.含有否定副词seldom/hardly的句子Hecanhardlywritehisname.WeseldomwatchTV.04too…to…(太…以至于不….)的句型表示否定Heistoooldtowork.不定代词的肯定和否定形式肯定否定肯定否定allnone,nosomenotany,noeveryone,eachnoonesomethingnotanything,nothingeverythingnothingafewfewEach,both,eitherneither,noteitheralittlelittle2祈使句表示请求、命令。建议等。句子没有时态变化，谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用感叹号或者句号，用降调。1.含有第二人称主语的祈使句Becareful！Don’tmakesuchanoise.01肯定的祈使 句型动词原形+…+（省略主语）Standup.Bequiet,please.1.有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do.Dositdown.Dostudyhard.2.用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please时，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。Gothisway,please.3.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。LiMing,comehere.Comehere,LiMing.02否定的祈使句句型Don’t+动词原形+…Don’tswimintheriver.Don’tbelate.Pleasedon’tbenoisy.句型转换之祈使句和陈述句的改写祈使句=Youmust…Comehere.=Youmustcomehere.Don’tdothatagain.=Youmustn’tdothatagain.Please+祈使句=Willyou(please)…? Pleasehelpme.=Willyou(please)me?2含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句Let’ssaygoodbyehere.Don’tlethimdothatagain.01肯定的祈使句句型let+第一人称(me,us)+动词原形+…let+第三人称代词（him/her/it/them）或名词+动词原形+…letmetryagain.Let’sgoatonce.LetTomgotherehimself.02否定的祈使句Let’s+not+动词原形+…Don’tlet+第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形+…Let’snotsayanythingaboutit.Don’tletthemplaywithfire.句型转换Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.3感叹句表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种：一种以what引导，一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号，通常用降调。Whatacleverboyheis. Howclevertheboyis.1what引导的感叹句句型what+名词（或形容词+名词）+陈述句（主语+谓语）Whatabeautifulcityitis!Whatafineday!Whatanhonestmanheis!Whatbigapplestheseare!WhatatallboyTomis!Whatfoolstheyare!2how引导的感叹句句型How+形容词或副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）！Howhotitistoday!Howhighthekiteisflying!Howbeautifulthegirlis!Howfastheruns!HowIwanttobeateacher!Howwellshecanskate!感叹句：Howbusyyouare!疑问句：Howbusyareyou?3ifonly引导的感叹句用ifonly引导的感叹句通常表示一种强烈的愿望，特别是表示对一些不能实现的或没有实现的愿望的遗憾感。 句型ifonly+主语+一般过去时/wereIfonlyIknewhertelephonenumber!Ifonlyhewerehere!句型ifonly+主语+could/would+have+过去分词Ifonlywecouldhavegonetotheparty!4其他形式的感叹句感叹句除用what和how引导外，还有许多其他形式，如可用陈述句，疑问句，祈使句等，有时甚至一个单词或一个短语也可构成感叹句。Thegardenlookssolovelytoday!Isn’titalovelyday!Fire!Verygood!陈述句用作感叹句时，句中通常有so,such,really等加强语气的词语，疑问句用作感叹句时，句子多为否定疑问句。