pep小学英语语法知识汇总 12页

英语语法知识一、词类：（一）动词：行为动词、be动词、情态动词。（1）行为动词原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下：（2）be动词a、Am--wasIs--wasAre--were口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。b、肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.He/Sheis(not)ateacher.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.c、一般疑问句AmI…?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.Areyou/they…?Yes,we/theyare.No,we/theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。（3）情态动词can、must、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）（二）名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was。单数名词表示一个可数事物。复数名词表示两个或两个以上的可数事物。1).规则变化①一般在名词后加s.如boy→boys,pen→pens等。②以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，在后面加es.如bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches.③“以辅音字母+y”结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es.如baby→babies.④以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v,再加es.如knife,half,leaf,wolf等。⑤以o结尾的名词，除tomato,potato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s.如kilo→kilos,photo→photos,zoo→zoos,radio→radios,piano→pianos,video→videos.2).不规则变化①man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,，child-children，mouse→mice②单复数形式相同如：sheep→sheep,deer→deer,Japanese→Japanese,Chinese→Chinese等。③有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：people,police等。④由-man和-woman构成的合成词如：policeman→policemen,Englishman→Englishmen，Englishwoman-Englishwomen但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans.另外被man或woman修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。例：amandoctor→twomendoctorsawomanteacher→somewomenteachers但:appletree→appletrees⑤有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes,trousers,glasses,chopsticks等。⑥数词+名词作定语时，常采用数词+单数名词形式，如atwo-weekholiday,an8-yearoldgirl.另一种常见的形式有fiveminutes’walk,twodays’leave等。3）不可数名词没有单复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可用以下两种方法。①用much,alittle,alotof/lotsofsome,any等修饰不可数名词。如：Therichmanhasalotofmoney.②可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词，如：apieceofpaper,twopiecesofpaper,abottleoforange,aglassofmilk,threebagsofrice。（三）形容词（包括副词）形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。☆形容词的比较级☆当我们需要对事物作出比较时，需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是：什么+动词be(am,is,are)+形容词比较级+（比）+什么,如：I’mtallerandheavierthanyou.（我比你更高和更重。）Anelephantisbiggerthanatiger.形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的，它的变化规则是： ①一般的直接在词尾加er，如tall-taller,strong-stronger,②以e结尾的，直接加r，如fine–finer,③以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i再加er，如funny-funnier④结尾是重读闭音节，而且结尾只有一个辅音时，双写这个辅音再加“-er”，例如：big–bigger,hot–hotter除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的，如：many/much（原形）–more（比较级）–most（最高级）little/few（原形）–less（比较级）–least（最高级）good（原形）–better（比较级）–best（最高级）bad（原形）–worse（比较级）–worst（最高级）far（原形）–further–furthest新课标第一网附加：形容词的最高级变化类似于比较级，只是把词尾的er改成est，如：tall（原形）-taller（比较级）-tallest（最高级）long（原形）-longer（比较级）-longest（最高级）big（原形）-bigger（比较级）-biggest（最高级）☆注意☆比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误：Myhairislongerthanyou.（我的头发比你更长。比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为：Myhairislongerthanyours.或Myhairislongerthanyourhair.附：如果比较的两者是一样的时候，我们会用as…as…这个词组，它的用法是：什么+be+as+形容词原形+as+什么，意思是什么和什么一样……。如：I’mastallasyou.（我和你一样高。）Myfeetareasbigasyours.（我的脚和你的一样大。）4)形容词、副词比较级的特殊用法①形容词/副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“最……”。例如，Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Mikegetstoschoolearlierthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Mikegetstoschoolearliestinhisclass.注意：MikegetstoschoolearlierthananystudentinTom’sclass.②“the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“...是两者中较…的”。如，Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.③“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。Heisgettingtallerandtaller.④“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越…,越…,”。Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyou’llmake5).最高级常用句型结构www.xkb1.com①“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。如，Tomisthetallestinhisclass./ofallthestudents.②“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“…是……中最……之一”。如，BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.③序数词+最高级HainanIslandisthesecondlargestislandinChina.比较级专项练习一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavytalllongmuchmanybig(1)HowistheYellowRiver?(2)HowisMrGreen?He’s175cm.(3)Howareyourfeet?Iwearsize18.(4)HowisthewhiteT-shirt?It’s100yuan.(5)Howapplesarethereinthebag?Thereare5(6)Howisthefish?It’s2kg.二、根据句意写出所缺的单词(1)I’m12yearsold.You’re14.I’mthanyou.(2)Arabbit’stailisthanamonkey’stail.(3)Anelephantisthanapig.(4)Alakeisthanasea.(5)Abasketballisthanafootball.四、根据答句写出问句(1)I’m160cm. (2)I’m12yearsold.(3)Myshoesare80yuan.(4)Amy’shairis30cmlong.(5)IhavethreeEnglishbooks.两个重要特征：as……as中间一定用原形，有than的时候一定+er。（四）冠词有a、an、the。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母aeiou）前，a用于辅音音素前。（五）人称代词和物主代词人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词：有两类：形容词性物主代词（短的）和名词性物主代词（长的）一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词（短的）；如无，就用名词性物主代词（长的）。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。指示代词：指近处：this→these指远处：that→those我我们你你们他她它他们主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs（六）数量词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。序数词的前面一般都加the。知识要点1)基数词:在十位数词和个位数词中间加上连字符"-"。如:21twenty–one‘基数词三位以上的数词,在百位和十位之间,一般要用连词"and"。如:132onehundredandthirty-two.表示"万"的词英语中没有.如1万可用10千来表示。tenthousand.30万可用threehundredthousand来表示。基数词的用法:xkb1.com1.编号的事物用基数词:如:LessonFive,Room1012.表示"年,月,日"时用基数词。3.表示"几点钟,几点过几分"用基数词。　Itistwototwo.现在是两点差两分。4.加减乘除用基数词。Oneplustwoisthree.一加二等于三。Eightminusfourisfour.八减四等于四。Twotimestwoisfour.二乘二等于四.Tendividedbytwoisfive.十除二等于五。5表示百分数用基数词.　　Thirtypercentofthemiswater.它们当中有30%的水。6.表示分数时,分子数字用基数词,但分母要用序数词,如分子不是1,序数词要用复数形式。　　One-fifthofthebooksaremine.三分之一的书是我的。　　Three-tenthsofwaterisdisappeared.　十分之三的水不见了。2)序数词:表示数目顺序的词用序数词。1.序数词1━19除第一,第二,第三,第五,第八,第九,第十二变化不规则外,其余均由在基数词后加上-th。2.十位整数的序数词的构成方法是,是将十位整数基数词的词尾-y变成i再加-eth。3.几十几的序数词,只是把个位数变成序数词,十位数不变。4.第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。　onehundredandtwenty-first，onethousand，threehundredandtwentieth5.序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。first——lstsecond——2ndthird——3rdfourth——4thsixth——6thtwentieth——20thtwenty-third——23rd其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。6.通常前面要加定冠词the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再”，“又”.We"vetrieditthreetimes．Mustwetryitafourthtime?7.基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后(名词需大写)即可，不需要添加定冠词。thefirstlesson—LessonOne，thefifthpage—Page5,thetwenty-firstroom—Room21www.xkb1.com二、句子否定句： be动词（am、is、are、was、were）+not、情态动词（can、must、should）+not、助动词（do、does、did）+not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+not。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+not。3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+not。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有did。（3）在助动词后加not。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。一般疑问句。基本特征：(1)用Yes或No回答的叫做一般疑问句。(2)一般疑问句的回答要注意前后一致！1、动词要用助动词do提问，do有三种形式:（1）过去时间用did提问。（2）一般现在时中的第三人称单数he/she/it用does提问。（3）其他用do提问。（4）用do/does/did提问，后面用动词原形。（5）用什么提问，用什么答。例子：1.Doyougotoschoolonfoot?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.2.DoesMikegotoschoolbybike?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.3.DidyougotoU.S.Ayesterday?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.2、名词或形容词要用be动词提问。be有三种形式:（1）I用am提问，过去时间用was提问。（2）he/she/it/单个姓名用is提问，过去时间用was提问。（3）其他用are提问，过去时间用were提问。3、特殊的：（1）现在进行时用be动词提问。（be+现在分词ing）（2）ishe/she/it问，he/she/itis答（3）isthere问，thereis答；arethere问，thereare答.（4）arethey问,theyare答.（5）问I，答you;问you（你），答I;问we，答you（你们）;问you（你们），答we（6）问he，答he;问she，答she;问it，答it;问they，答they.（7）用can问，用can答;用must问，用must答;用will问，用will答；用should问，用should答。如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有did。（3）把助动词后提到句首。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。四、特殊疑问句。表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：疑问词意思用法When什么时间问时间Whattime什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who谁问人Whose谁的问主人 Where在哪里问地点where配动词goWhich哪一个问选择Why为什么问原因What什么问东西、事物问爱好；问职业；问外貌Whatabout。。。。怎么样问意见Whatfor为何目的问目的How。。。。怎样问情况Howmany多少数量（可数名词）问数量Howmuch多少钱；多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）与What有关的疑问词短语：1.Whatcolour：什么颜色（问颜色）2.Whattime：几点钟（问时间/问几点钟）Whattimeisitnow?Itis7:30.3.Whatday：星期几（问星期）Whatdayisittoday?ItisMonday.4.Whatdate：什么日期（问日期）Whatdateisittoday?ItisJune1st.5.What’stheweatherliketoday：（问天气）天气怎么样？Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?Itwascloudy.6.What’sthematterwithyou?（问病症）你怎么了？Ihaveacold.7.What’syourfavourtitefood/colour/animal/sport/class/season?Myfavouritefood/colour/animal/sport/class/seasonis…8.Whoisyourfavouriteteacher?谁是你最喜爱的老师？MrChen/MissLiismyfavouriteteacher.与How有关的疑问词短语：Howmany：多少（问数量）Howmuch：多少（问价钱）Howtall：多高（问身高）Howold：多少岁（问年龄）Howheavy:多重（问体重）Howbig：多大（问尺码、大小）Howlong：多长（问长度）Howlarge：多少平方（问面积）五、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头（有时有please），否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头（有时有please）。把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。Therebe结构的用法therebe句型有特点,主语放在be后边,　多个主语并列时,be随最近主语变。　　变疑问很简单,把be提到there前。变否定也不难,be的后面not添。　　肯定句中用some,疑问、否定any换。介词短语表地点,"有"表"存在"记心间。　　Therebe在主语前,have/has在主语后。多个主语并列时,Therebe随第一主语变。并列主语表"所有",要用have是正理。Therebe表"存在",have/has表"所有Fillintheblankwith"have,has"or"thereis,thereare"1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_________atape-recorder.4._____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.6.They___________anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou___________?8.______________areading-roominthebuilding?9.WhatdoesMike___________?10.______________anybooksinthebookcase?11.Myfather_________astory-book.12._______________astory-bookonthetable.13._______________anyflowersinthevase?14.Howmanystudents____________intheclassroom?15.Myparents___________somenicepictures.16._____________somemapsonthewall.17.______________amapoftheworldonthewall.18.David__________atelescope.19.David"sfriends___________sometents.20.______________manychildrenonthehill. Some与Anysome和any都有"一些"的含义,都能修饰可数名词和不可数名词,但用法却大有不同。　　some一般用在肯定句中。如:Therearesomegirlsintheclassroom.　　some有时也用于疑问句,表示期望得到肯定回答,并不表示对某事有疑问。如:Willyougivemesomeink?any一般用于疑问句和否定句中。　　如:Arethereanymapsonthewall?墙上有地图吗?Therearen"tanytreesbehindthehouse.房子后面没树。英文字母大写情况总汇同学们都知道，英文字母有大写和小写两种形式。但你们知道什么情况下使用大写字母吗？Let"sgoandhavealook!　　1.英语句子开头的第一个单词的首字母要大写。　　实例：Howareyou?你好吗？　　Thisisabook.这是一本书。　　2.姓名中的姓和名的首字母都要大写。　　实例：AnnRead安·里德,ZhouHua周华　　3.表示称呼语或职务的词首字母要大写。　　实例：MrGreen格林先生,DrLi李博士　　4.地名、语言名、某国人等词的首字母应大写。　　实例：England英国,Beijing北京,English英语,Chinese汉语、中国人　　5.表示编号的词要大写。　　实例：LessonTwo第二课Row3第三排　　6.星期、月份、节日名称也应大写。　　实例：Sunday星期日,September九月,Teachers"Day教师节　　7.大多数的缩略词要大写。　　实例：CCTV(中国中央电视台),ID(身份证),CD(光盘)　　8."I"和"OK"在句中的任何位置都应大写。　　实例：TomandIarestudents.汤姆和我是学生。　　That"sOK.不用谢。　　9.文章的标题、书名、报刊名称等，第一个单词和每一个实词的首字母都要大写。三、时态（一）现在进行时1.概念　　现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作．2．用法：（1）表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情．往往与now,atthemoment,just等副词连用,以示强调．　Wearewaitingforyou.Whatareyoudoing?（2）正在进行着的动作可视为未完成的动作：　He’stalkingtohisfriendsintheclassroom.　可用still一词强调动作的持续性　He’sstilltalkingtohisfriendsintheclassroom.（3）表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行．　Mr.Blackiswritinganotherarticle.　Don’ttakethatbookaway.Yourfather’susingit.　SheislearningpianounderMr.Black.（4）现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况：　What’syourbrotherdoingthesedays?He’sstudyingEnglishatOxfordUniversity.（5）现在进行时也可以用来表示当前的动向：　Peoplearebecomingmoreandmorebeautifulthesedays.（6）表示渐变的动词有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等．　Theleavesareturningbrown.　It’sgettingcolderandcolder.3.句型结构：助动词be(am/is/are)+现在分词.1）肯定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+doing+其他成分　　Iamsinging.Theyarewriting. 2）否定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+not+doing+其他成分　　Iamnotsinging.Theyaren’twriting.3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分　　AmIsinging?Yes,youare./No,youaren’t.　　Aretheywriting?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分　　Whatareyoudoing?Weareplaying(要求就提问内容具体回答).4.缩写形式如下:　　Iam---I’mYouare---You’reHeis---He’sSheis---She’s　　Itis---It’sWeare---We’reTheyare---They’re5.说明:不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：　　see、like、want、know等动词往往都不用进行时态．通常在句子中有以下的词：now,look,listen,atpresent.如：1.Iamlisteningtothemusicnow.2.Thestudentsaredrawingpicturesnow.3.Listen!Sheissinging.4.Look!MrLiisridingabike.Be动词+动词的ing形式两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。3.动词现在分词构成:1)正常变化是在动词原型后加ing如:read----reading;drink---drinking;eat---eating;2)以e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ing如:write---writing;make---making;ride---riding;　3).重读闭音节（只有一个元音字母，而其后跟有一个辅音字母时）要双写结尾的辅音字母再加ingsit---sitting;　swim--swimming;put---putting;　run—running例题：1.Listen!Who____(speak)Englishinthelibrary?2.She_____(like)music.Nowshe_____(sing).3.Don"t_____(run)inthestreet.4._____you_____(go)toschooleveryday?5.Classisover.Thepupils______(play)games.6.It"s6:30.I_____(get)up.7.Look,thepupils____(have)anEnglishclass.8.Mymother_____(wash)thebowlsinthekitchennow.9.He____(like)artverymuch.He____(draw)ahorsenow.10.Letthechildrengoaway.They____(make)noisehere.一、写出下列动词的现在分词：　　play________run__________swim_________make__________　　go_________like________ write_________ski___________　　read________have_________sing ________dance_________　　put_________see________buy_________love____________　　live_______take_________come________ get_________　　stop_________sit________begin________shop___________　　二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefood now.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.9.It"s 5 o"clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.　　练习一.用现在进行时完成下列句子:1.______you__________(fly)akite?Yes,_______.2.______you___________(sit)intheboat?3.______he_____________(talk)withme?4.We_______________(play)football now.5.What_________you__________(do)?6.I_____________(sing)anEnglishsong.7.What________he____________(mend)?8.He______________(mend)acar.9.Theseboys_________(play)tennisontheplayground.10.Mymother______________(cook)inthekitchen.11.Wecan’thelpyou,becausewe____________(have)classes.12.________theboy___________(write)hishomework?13.Look!Thesebutterflies_________(fly)inthesky.14.Listen!Thegirl___________(sing)inthenextroom.15.Thenaughtyboy__________(swim)intheriver.二.选择1.Look.Lucyis_____anewbiketoday.　A.jumping　B.running　C.riding　Dtakeing2.Thechildren_____football.　A.isplaying　B.areplaying　C.playthe　D.playa3.They______TVintheevening.Theydotheirhomework.　A.arewatching　B.can’twatching　C.don’twatch　D.don’twatching4.Listen!She____intheclassroom.　A.issinging　B.sing　C.tosing　D.issing5.______areyoueating?I’meating______meat.　A.What,some　B.Which,any　C.Where,not　D.What,a6.Isshe____something?　A.eat　B.eating　C.eatting　D.eats7.Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.　A.haslost,don’tfind　B.ismissing,don’tfind　C.haslost,haven’tfound　D.ismissing,haven’tfound.8..Havingacomputerforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_______sorapidly.　A.ischanging　B.haschanged　C.willhavechanged　D.willchange9.Thebuilding_______,Ican’tstandthenoise.　A.wasbeingbuilt　B.isbuilt　C.isbeingbuilt　D.builds10.Ican’tcatchupwiththefashion,becausetheclothesstyle_______allthetime.　A.haschanged　B.ischanged　C.ischanging　D.changed11.It’ssixintheafternoon.TheGreens_______lunchtogether.　A.has　B.arehaving　C.havehad　D.hadhad12.Don’tmakeanynoisewhilethestudents_______totheclass.　A.arelistening　B.listened　C.havelistened　D.hadlistened13.JackandKetty_______inthelake.Let’sjointhem,shallwe?　A.swim　B.haveswum　C.swam　D.areswimming14.Look!Thechildren_______basketballontheplayground.　A.plays　B.played　C.isplaying　D.areplaying15.Thekite_______highintheskynow.Itlookslikeabigbird.　A.hasflown　B.isflying　C.wasflying　D.flew16.Asweallknow,thepopulationintheworld_______fasterandfaster.　A.isgrown　B.isgrowing　C.aregrown　D.aregrowing17.Tomysurprise,he_______inclass.　A.isalwaysspeaking　B.wouldalwaysspeak　C.hasalwaysbeenspeaking　D.doesspeakalways18.Iwanttoknowwhenhe_______forNewYorktomorrow.　A.hasleft　B.isleaving　C.hadleft　D.hasbeenleaving19.He_______ofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.　A.hadalwaysthought　B.isalwaysthinking　C.hasalwaysbeenthought　D.thinkingalways20.Forests_______andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthefuture.　A.cut　B.arecut　C.arebeingcut　D.hadbeencut（二）一般现在时肯定句：主语+do,主语第三人称单数+does 否定句：主语+don"t+do主语第三人称单数+doesn"t+do疑问句：Do+主语+do?Does+主语第三人称单数+do?usually,sometimes,often,seldom,never,everydayA.第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同：1.一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work—works,write—writes.2.以o,s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词，后加es，如guess—guesses,mix—mixes,finish—finishes,catch—catches.3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i加es，如study—studies.注：不规则变化的有have—has例题：1.Mymother____(work)inaprimaryschoolandI____(study)inthesameschool.2.I____(have)abikeandBen____(have)abike,too.3.Mysister____(be)apupil.She____(study)veryhard.4.Who___(cook)breakfastforyourfamily?5.Myfatherisateacher.He____(teach)Chineseinaprimaryschool.6.He____(be)strong.Hecan___(carry)theheavybox.7.John____(go)toschoolbybikeeveryday.8.Kateoften___(play)tabletenniswithherfriends.9.Mymotheroften___(go)shoppingand___(buy)somevegetbalesinthemarket.10.---Who____(study)hardestinyourclass? 四年级上册单词黑体字（66个单词、词组）www.xkb1.comwindow board    lightpicture  doorfloor   classroom computer   wall fan  teacher’sdeskChinesebookEnglishbook mathbook  schoolbagstory-book  notebook twenty-one  thirty  thirty-oneforty  forty-one fifty longhair  shorthair  thin  strong  quiet  friend(s)  music science  sports computergame  painting  study    bathroom    bedroom  living  kitchen    phone    bed    sofa    shelf  fridge  table    rice  fish    noodles  beef  vegetable    soup  knife    chopsticks    spoon   plate    fork family   parents    uncle   aunt  baby    driver  doctor    farmer  nurse  baseballplayer    四会单词（36个）bag  pencil   pen book  ruler  pencil-caseteacher  student  boy  girl  friendhome    room    school  classroom  window  desk   door   chair    bedrice  beef  bread  milk  egg waterchicken fishsister  brother   father    motherdriver      doctor    farmer    nurse四年级下册单词黑体词（50个单词、词组）playground   garden teacher’sdesk  canteenartroom  computerroom  washroom  musicroomgym    TVroomlunch  Englishclass  musicclass  breakfast  dinnerP.E.class  getup  gotoschool  gohome  gotobedsweater  jeans  pants  socks  shoes  shortshot  weather   rainy  windy    cloudy  colourful  pretty    cheap  expensive  sneakersslippers  sandals  bootssheep  hen  lamb goat cow tomatocucumber potato onion  carrot四会单词（88个）computer  board  fan light  this  is  my  thatyour teacher’sdesk  picture  wall  floor  yes  itone  two three  four  five  six seven  eightnine ten what    time  it’s  o’clock  mathChinese English    P.E. music for    classjacket    shirt  skirt    dress  T-shirt  redblue    yellow    green  white  no  not  colourwarm  cold  cool  today  jeans  pant  socks  shoes  let’s  play  football    snowy  sunnyhowmuch  big  small  long  short  applebanana    pear  orange  watermelon  are  theyhorse    aren’t  cat  rabbit  pig  duck  dogeleven    twelve  thirteen    fifteen    twentyhowmany    there四年级上册句子1.What’sintheclassroom?2.ThisisZhangPeng,ournewclassmate.3.Wehaveanewclassroom.4.Whereismyseat?          Itisnearthedoor.5.Let’scleantheclassroom.      Goodidea!6.Letmecleantheboard.      Allright.7.Itisniceandclean!        Goodjob!8.Whatcolouristheschoolbag?  It‘sblackandwhite.9.MayIhavealook?  Sure.Hereyouare.10.Myschoolbagisheavy. 11.Whatisintheschoolbag?12.Howmanypicture-booksdoyouhave?13.Myfriendisstrong.Hehasshorthair….14.Ihaveanewfriend. Helikessports.Shelikesmusic.15.What’shisname?  HisnameisZhangPeng.  16.What’shername? HernameisAmy.          17.Isthisyourbedroom?    Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.18.Ihaveaneweraser.19.Issheinthestudy?    No,sheisn’t.She’sinthekitchen.20.Wherearethekeys?      Theyareinthedoor.21Aretheyonthetable?        No,theyaren’t.  22.What’sfordinner?      Rice,fishandvegetables.23.Whatwouldyoulikefordinner?  I’dlikesomericeandsoup.24.Everything’sready.      Thanks/Thankyou.25.Dinner’sready!      Yourforksandknives.26.Helpyourself!  Thankyou.27.Icanusechopsticks.  Letmetry.28.Mm…Yummy,IlikeChinesefood.    Metoo.29.Wehadagoodtime.Seeyoutomorrow.30.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?  Three.31.Whoarethey?        Myparentsandme.32.Myfamilyhassevenmembers.33.Who’sthisman?  He’smyuncle.34.Who’sthiswoman?        She’smyaunt.35.Isthisyouraunt?    Yes,sheis./No,she’smysister.36.What’syourmother?      She’sateacher.37.What’syourfather?      He’sadoctor.38.Aretheyfarmers?    Yes,theyare./Yes,you’reright.四年级下册句子1.Whereisthecanteen?        It’sonthefirstfloor.    2.Thisistheteacher’soffice.      Thatismyclassroom.    3.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?      Forty-five.  4.Doyouhavealibrary?                Yes!5.Thecanteenisonthefirstfloor.    6.Thisismycomputer.            Thatisyourcomputer.7.Isthisateacher’sdesk?            Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.8.Isthattheartroom?              Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.9.Whattimeisit?                It’snineo’clock.10.It’stimeforEnglishclass.          Breakfastisready!  11.Schoolisover.Let’sgototheplayground.12.Let’sgohome.                  I’mready.13.It’s7:05.  It’stimetogotoschool.14.It’s8:30.It’stimeformusicclass.15.Ilikethewhitesweaterwiththegreenskirt.16.Ilikethebluedress.      17.Whereismyskirt?18.Whatcolourisit?                      Blue.19.Isthisyourskirt?    Yes,itis./No.itisn’t.MyT-shirtisred.20.IsthatyourT-shirt?            No,it’snot.21.Whoseisit?                It’smyT—shirt.22.Whoseisthis?              It’syourbabybrother’s!23.Whatarethey?    Theseareyourbabypants.They’resosmall.24.Arethosemyshoes?            Yes.Butwhatfor?25.Ourneighbourhasanewbaby!26.Thisistheweatherreport.       It’scoolinLhasa.  27.CanIwearmynewshirttoday?  No,youcan’t./Yes,youcan.28.It’swarmtoday.            Youcanwearyournewshirt.29.CanIwearmyT-shirt?   Yes,youcan.  30.Whatareyoudoing?               Notmuch.  31.What’stheweatherlikeinBeijing?   It’srainytoday.  32.HowaboutNewYork?    It’ssunny.33.What’sthematter?     34.It’swindynow.     Ihavetoclosethewindow.35.Lookatthatdress.      It’scolorful.    It’sverypretty.36.CanIhelpyou?           Yes.37.Howmuchisthisdress?        It’sninety-nineYuan.  38.Whatsize?                Sizefive.39.Aretheyallright?Yes,theyare.40.Howmucharethey?        They’rethirty-fiveYuan.41.Whatarethey?         Theyaregoats.   42.Aretheysheep?          No,theyaren’t.Theyaregoats.43.Aretheyhorses?        No,theyaren’t.Theyaredonkeys.44.Lookatthehens.            Theyarefat.45.Howmanycowsdoyouhave?      Onehundred.46.Whatdoyouseeinthepicture?        Iseefivecats.47.Arethesetomatoes?          Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.48.Whatarethese?Theyarecarrots.五年级上册单词黑体字（16个单词、词组）principal  universitystudent  cabbage  pork  muttonemptythetrash  putawaytheclothes air-conditionerover    infrontof    sky    cloud    mountainvillage  city  四会单词、词组（93个）young    funny    tall  strong    kind  oldshort    thin  who’s=whois  Mr  what’s=whatislike  he’s=heis strict smart  active  quietshe’s=sheis  very  but  MondayTuesday  Wednesday  Thursday  Fridayday  have  on  Saturday  Sunday  dohomeworkwatchTV    readbooks  Whatabout…?    tooeggplant  fish  greenbeans  tofu  potato  tomato for  lunch  we  tasty  sweet  sour  fresh  salty favourite  they’re=theyare  fruit  don’t=donot  grape  cookthemeals     watertheflowerssweepthefloor   cleanthebedroom  makethebed  setthetable  washtheclothes  dothedishescan’t=cannot  useacomputer  curtain  trashbin  closet mirror endtable bedroom kitchen  bathroom livingroom in on under  near  behind clothes river flower  grass   lake  forest  path  parkpicture  house  bridge  tree  road  building  clean五年级下册单词黑体字（18个）January February  March  April  May JuneJuly August September October NovemberDecember first second thirdfourth  fifth ninth twelfth twentieth四会单词、词组（83个）domorningexercises  eatbreakfast  haveEnglishclassplaysports  eatdinner  when  evening  getup  atusually  noon  climbmountains  goshoppingplaythepiano  visitgrandparents  gohiking  weekendoften  sometimes  spring  summer  fall  winterseason  which  best  swim  flykites  skatemakeasnowman  planttrees  why  because  sleepJan.  Feb.  Mar.  Apr.  May  June  July  Aug.Sept.  Oct.  Nov.  Dec.  birthday  uncle  her  datedrawpictures    cookdinner      readabookanswerthephone    listentomusic    cleantheroomwritealetter  writeane-mail  mom  grandpa  studyfly    jump  walk    run    swim  kangaroosleep  climb  fight    swing  drink    watertakepictures   watchinsects    pickupleavesdoanexperiment  catchbutterflies    honeycountinsects    collectleaves   writeareportplaychess      haveapicnic五年级上册句子1.Who’syourmathteacher?        MrZhao.2.What’shelike?          He’sthinandshort.He’sverykind. 3.Who’sthatyounglady?        She’sourprincipal.  4.Isshestrict?            Yes,sheis.  5.Issheactive?          No,sheisn’t.She’squiet.  6.Ihaveanewmathteacher.Herclassissomuchfun.  7.Whatdayisittoday?          It’sMonday.  8.WhatdoyouhaveonWednesdays? 9.WehaveEnglish,science,computerandP.E..  10.WhatdoyoudoonSaturdays?  11.Ioftendomyhomework.  12.Whataboutyou?      Idomyhomeworktoo.  13.Whatwouldyoulikeforlunch?  I’dlikesometomatoesandmutton.  14.Whatdoyouhaveforlunchtoday? 15.Ihaveeggplantandtomatoes.  16.It’stasty.It’smyfavourite.17.What’syourfavouritefood?    Fish.  18.Idon’tlikegrapes.        They’resour.19.Areyouhelpfulathome?        You’rehelpful.  20.Whatcanyoudo?          Icansweepthefloor.21.Justdoit!  22.Canyousetthetable?      Yes,Ican.  No,Ican’t.23.Ihavemyownroomnow. 24.What’sitlike? 25.Thereisabigcloset,anewair-conditionerandanewmirror.26.Therearebluecurtains.27.Whereisthetrashbin?      It’snearthetable.28.Thereisaforestinthenaturepark.29.Isthereariverinthepark?      Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.30.Therearemanysmallhousesinmyvillage.31.Arethereanybridgesinyourvillage?      Yes,there are.32.Arethereanytallbuildingsinyourvillage?    No,therearen’t.五年级下册句子1.do,when,you,dinner,eat(?)2.which,do,season,like,best,you(?)3.is,when,birthday,your(?)4.what,they,doing,are(?)1.Whendoyoueatdinner?  Ieatdinnerat7:00intheevening.2.Whendoyougetup?  Iusuallygetupat12:00noon.3.Whatdoyoudoontheweekend?  4.UsuallyIwatchTVandgoshopping.SometimesIvisitmygrandparents.5.Ioftenplayfootball.SometimesIgohiking.6.What’syourfavouriteseason?          Winter.7.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?          Fall.8.It’salwayssunnyandcool.9.Icanplaywithsnow.10.Whydoyoulikespring?    BecauseIcanplanttrees.11.Whenisyourbirthday?      MybirthdayisinJune.12.IsyourbirthdayinJune,too?  No.MybirthdayisinDecember.13.It’sOctober1st,ourNationalDay.14.WhohasabirthdayinOctober?      Me.15.What’sthedate?      It’sOctober1st.16.Whatareyoudoing?  Iandoingthedishes.17.Whatisyourfatherdoing?    He’swritingane-mail.18.ThisisNina.CanIspeaktoyourmom,please?19.Pleaseholdon.        There’sacallforyou.20.Iseethemotherelephant.21.Whatisshedoing?      Sheiswalking.22.Whataboutthebabyelephant?  23.Whatisitdoing?        It’srunning.24.Whataretheelephantsdoing?      They’redrinking.25.WhatisMikedoing?        He’swatchinginsects.26.Whatareyoudoing?    I’mwatchingmyclassmates.27.Wherearethey?          Theyareinthewoods.28.Aretheycatchingbutterflies?  No,theyaren’t./Yes,theyare.29.WhereisZhangPeng?      He’sinthewoods.30.Ishetakingpictures?      Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.