专业英语语法倒装句、强调句 45页

Inversion倒装句 Inversion倒装Inversionisthechangingoftheorderofthewordsinasentence.Whenweuseinversion,weputthepredicateorpartofitbeforethesubject.Thisputsemphasisonthepredicateinsteadofonthesubject.Wecanuseinversioninmanycases. 一、全部倒装全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。常见的结构有：1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等。Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter. 2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词。Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构里的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.Awaywenttherunners. 二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1、句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidhismotherleavetheroom.当notuntil引出主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 另外，有些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，其后也要用倒装。如：Innocaseshouldyougiveup.你绝不能放弃。Onnoconditionshouldwetellheraboutit.我们绝不能把此事告诉她。Onnoaccountsmustthisswitchbetouched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的。Undernocircumstancesshouldyoulendhimanymoney.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他 注意：如否定词不在句首则不倒装。Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidn"tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep. 典型例题1)---Whycan’tIsmokehere?---Atnotime___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime. 2)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatlightis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didn’tmanknowD.didmanknow改写为正常语序为：Mandidnotknowwhatlightisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th. 2、句首为否定意义的关连词,如：notonly…butalso,hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than1）Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.2）Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.3）Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither. 典型例题Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun 注意：只有当notonly…butalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。Notonlydidtheypresentamusicalperformance,buttheyalsogaveabriefintroductiontothehistoryofWesternbrassinstruments.他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic. 3、so,neither,nor在表示“也”、“也不”的结构中，句子要部分倒装。1）TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.2）Ifyouwon"tgo,neitherwillI. 典型例题---DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?---Idon’tknow,_____.A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon"tcareneitherD.Idon‘tcarealso 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，意为“的确如此”，不用倒装结构。1)TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.2)---It’sraininghard.---Soitis. 4、only在句首要倒装的情况1）Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.2)Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed. 5、as/though引导的让步从句，将表语、状语或谓语的一部分前置（形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前），表示强烈的对照。注意：1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。2)句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.Intheclassroomas/thoughhestays,hedoesn’treadhistexts. 6、其他部分倒装1）so…that句型中的so位于句首时需倒装。Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.Sointerestingisthatstorythateveryonewantstoreadit.Sogoodagirlisshethatwealllikeher. 2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中。Mayyouallbehappy.Mayyouhaveagoodjourney.祝你旅途愉快。Mayyousucceed.祝你成功。3）感叹句中的倒装。如：Isn’titbeautiful!难道还不漂亮！Aren’tyoucontentwithit!难道还不知足！ 4)在虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Hadyouworkedhard,youwouldhavefinisheditearly. Practice1.______thathecouldnotspeakforalongtime.A.Sofrightenedwashe      B.SofrightenedhewasC.Washesofrightened      D.Frightenedwashe2.Onlywhenclassbegan______thathehadlefthisbookathome.A.willherealize   B.hedidrealizeC.didherealize     D.shouldherealizeAC 3.______thatIcouldn’tbeabsorbedinthework.A.Theymadesuchtalked  B.SoloudlytheytalkedC.Itwasnoiseoutside    D.Suchaloudnoisedidtheymake4.______Iwouldseeyouhere.A.LittleIdreamedB.LittledoIdreamC.IdreamedlittleD.LittledidIdream5._____theplane.A.FlewdownB.DownflewC.DownwasflyingD.DownflyDDB 6.Sheneverlaughed,____losehertemper.A.norsheeverdidB.orsheeverdidC.ordidsheeverD.nordidsheever她从未开怀大笑过，也从未发过脾气。 7.____thebuildingdidherealizethattherewasdangereverywhereinit.A.UponenteringB.WhenheenteredC.OnlyafterenteringD.Afterhehadentered 8.Onnoaccount____everleavethebabyathomealone.A.shouldyouB.youshouldC.shallyouD.youshall 9.Nowherebutintheremotestregionofthecountry____findaplacetosettledown.A.canheB.hecanC.heD.forhimto 10.Justasrelaxationisanimportantpartofourlives,____stress.A.soisB.asitisC.andsoisD.thesameis 11.____willMr.Forbesbeabletoregaincontrolofthecompany.A.WithhardworkB.OnlyifheworkshardlyC.InspiteofhishardworkD.Onlywithhardwork Invertthesentenceswithnegativewords1.Ihaveneverseensuchbeautifulflowersinthecity.2.IdonothavetimetogotothemuseumtodayandIalsodonotwantto.NeverhaveIseensuchbeautifulflowersinthecity.NeitherdoIhavetimetogotothemuseumtodayandnordoIwantto. 3.Ihadhardlystartedtolookatthepaintingswhentheteachersaiditwastimetoleavethemuseum.4.Theartistisalwaysdrawing;heisseldomseenwithoutanotebookinhishand.HardlyhadIstartedtolookatthepaintingswhentheteachersaiditwastimetoleavethemuseum.Theartistisalwaysdrawing;seldomisheseenwithoutanotebookinhishand. Emphasizingsentence强调句一、强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。e.g.ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing. 2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。e.g.WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？e.g.Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn? 4、强调句例句：针对ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.句子进行强调。ItwasIthat(who)metLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.（强调主语）ItwasLiMingthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday.（强调宾语）ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday.（强调地点状语）ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwaystation.（强调时间状语） 5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that,who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that,who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用Itwas…，其余的时态用Itis… 二、not…until…句型的强调句1、句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分e.g.普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.强调句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till,until可通用； ①如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到…为止”。如：Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到…才”。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback. ②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到…才”。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback. 三、谓语动词的强调1、Itis/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。e.g.Dositdown.务必请坐。Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他确实给你写了信。Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！2、注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形 PracticeTime1.Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeone____fullyconsciousofhowmuchyouvaluehim.A.doyoubecomeB.thenyoubecomeC.thatyoubecomeD.haveyoubecome只有当你快要失去什么人时，你才充分意识到他对你是多么重要。 2.____the1500’s____thefirstEuropeansexploredthecoastofCaliforniaA.Itwasnotuntil/thenB.Itisnotuntil/whenC.Itisuntil/thatD.Itwasnotuntil/that直到16世纪，第一批欧洲人才发现加利福尼亚海岸。 3.____hewasawareoftherealmeaningoflife.A.ThatwasfromthatbookB.ItwasthatbookwhichC.ItwasfromthatbookthatD.Itwasthatbookthat 4.“____allthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?”“No,____onlythetwopassengerswhogothurt.”A.Were/itwasB.Are/thereisC.Were/itwereD.Was/therewas 5.Itwasnotuntilhetookupfishingthathe____torelax.A.hadbeenbeginningB.beganC.hadbegunD.beginning SeeU