人教版七年级下册英语语法总结(精品) 37页

七年级英语(下)---语法复习 七年级英语(下)---语法复习内容1.冠词的用法2.时态：一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时3.Therebe句型4.句子种类：祈使句疑问句 一般过去时讲解：表示：过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Igotupearlyyesterday.Howwasyourweekend?Itwasgreat.Shedidn’tplaysportslastweekend.DidyougotoCentralPark?Yes,Idid.Wheredidyougoonvacation?1．常带有表过去的时间状语，如：yesterday,lastnight,in2001,justnow,twodaysago等2．一般过去时态是由be:was(were)或did来表示 3.肯定式：was(were)或实义动词did否定式：was(were)+notdid+not+动词原形疑问式：was(were)到句子的主语前did到句子的主语前 4.动词过去式的构成有规则和不规则两类。规则动词过去式的构成有四类：1)动词原形+ed如look---lookedplay---played2)以结尾e的动词+d如live---livedhope---hoped3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一辅音字母，再加ed如stop---stopped4)以辅音字母+结尾的动词，先变“y”为“i”，再+ed如study—studiedcry---crie 不规则动词过去式的变化形式：教材102页配套练习片子的练习 原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词fillfilledfillsfillingfindfoundfindsfindinghavehadhashavinglooklookedlookslookinglikelikedlikeslikingbewas/wereisbeingknowknewknowsknowingwearworewearswearingtelltoldtellstellingreadreadreadsreadingplayplayedplaysplaying 原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词stopstoppedstopsstoppingtalktalkedtalkstalkingrememberrememberedremembersrememberingshopshoppedshopsshoppingbeginbeganbeginsbeginningtaketooktakestakingforgetforgotforgetsforgettinghelphelpedhelpshelpingwashwashedwasheswashingwatchwatchedwatcheswatching 原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词writewrotewriteswritingstartstartedstartsstartingreadreadreadsreadinggetgotgetsgettingcomecamecomescomingturnturnedturnsturningcrosscrossedcrossescrossingwalkwalkedwalkswalkingbecomebecamebecomesbecomingshowshowedshowsshowing 原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词eatateeatseatingdrinkdrankdrinksdrinkingwaterwateredwaterswateringgowentgoesgoingdodiddoesdoingseesawseesseeingorderorderedordersorderingopenopenedopensopeningcloseclosedclosesclosinggivegavegivesgiving 原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词keepkeptkeepskeepingsleepsleptsleepssleepingspendspentspendsspendingsendsentsendssendingtaketooktakestakingstaystayedstaysstayingsaysaidsayssayingstudystudiedstudiesstudyingbuyboughtbuysbuyinglearnlearnedlearnslearningpracticepracticedpracticespracticing 原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词agreeagreedagreesagreeingarrivearrivedarrivesarrivingrunranrunsrunningfightfoughtfightsfightingflyflewfliesflyingmeetmetmeetsmeetingwaitwaitedwaitswaitingwashwashedwasheswashingwaterwateredwaterswateringspeakspokespeaksspeakingteachtaughtteachesteachingsingsangsingssinging 原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词thinkthoughtthinksthinkinggrowgrewgrowsgrowingdrawdrewdrawsdrawingvisitvisitedvisitsvisitingplayplayedplaysplayingtrytriedtriestriedsitsatsitssittingswimswamswimsswimmingwantwantedwantswantingfindfoundfindsfinding 原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词hearheardhearshearinglistenlistenedlistenslisteningtraveltraveledtravelstravelingcrycriedcriescryingwalkwalkedwalkswalkingdecidedecideddecidesdecidingbringbroughtbringsbringingrainrainedrainsrainingsnowsnowedsnowssnowinggetgotgetsgetting 原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词askaskedasksaskingansweransweredanswersansweringdiscussdiscusseddiscussesdiscussingmindmindedmindsmindingjoinjoinedjoinsjoiningtelltoldtellstellinglielaylieslyingdiedieddiesdyingenjoyenjoyedenjoysenjoyingshowshowedshowsshowing 原形动词过去式单三动词现在分词passpassedpassespassingrelaxrelaxedrelaxesrelaxinglivelivedliveslivingfeelfeltfeelsfeelingworkworkedworksworkingbuildbuiltbuildsbuildingcookcookedcookscookingmakemademakesmakingputputputsputtingstandstoodstandsstandingleaveleftleavesleavingcleancleanedcleanscleaning 写作翻译范文：乡村之旅星期天，天气晴朗，还很凉快。妈妈让我带着我的小弟弟到乡下去玩。她告诉我要好好照顾他。我们沿着公路走，阳光灿烂，微风拂面。我们看见花儿在向我们微笑，我们听到了鸟儿在枝头歌唱。这幅景象真得非常的美丽。当我们感到累的时候，我们就回家了。我们看见我们的妈妈正在门口等我们。 祈使句的复习建议：掌握祈使句的基本用法和基本形式：1)省略第二人称主语you.2)祈使句的肯定形式：Do/Be开头；否定祈使句：Don’tdo/Don’tbe开头3)为表示礼貌，祈使句前或句末可加please.句末用please时，please前用“，”隔开。 祈使句的基本含义：表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。1.TurnleftonFirstAvenueandenjoythecity’squietstreetsandsmallparks2.Don’tbelateforschool.3.Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourself.4.Bequiet.5.Comein,please.6.Letmetellyouthewaytomyhouse. 祈使句的复习方法：教师设计将陈述句改写成祈使句的练习，强化祈使句的基本句型结构。作连词成句的练习，使学生明确祈使句省略主语和动词原形开头的基本构成形式。练习写家规，校规的作文，将祈使句的用法应用到篇章之中。 Therebe句型结构复习建议：复习的层次：1.be动词与后面名词单复数一致的问题2.Therebe句型结构与have/has的区别3.Therebe句型结构的就近原则 Therebe的一般现在时结构某地有某物/某时有某事Thereisabanknearhere.Therearemanypeoplehereonvacation.Thereisn’tapayphoneacrossfromthebank.Isthereabigsupermarketnearyourhouse?Therebe句型结构讲解： 1.句子中的be和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须一致。2.Therebe的肯定式：Therebe(is/are)否定式：Thereisn’tTherearen’t疑问式：is/are提到there的前面一般疑问句的回答：Yes,thereis/are.No,thereisn’t/aren’t.特殊问句的回答：Thereis/are 现在进行时复习建议：掌握现在进行时态的表达含义和基本结构，牢记现在进行时态的相关时间状语和现在分词的基本变化规则。训练方法：教师可以通过时态填空练习，句型转换练习，短文改写，连词成句练习和机械的词型转换练习等方式使学生加深对现在进行时态的掌握。 现在进行时讲解：表示:说话瞬间或现阶段正在进的动作。（时态可以通过动词的变化形式来表示）IamwatchingTV.Thestudentsarestudyingfortheexams.Sheisn’twritingaletternowIsNancydoingherhomework?Whatareyoudoingnow? 1.现在进行时时态构成：助动词be(am,is,are)+doing2.肯定式：be(am,is,are)+doing3.否定式：be(am,is,are)+not+doing4.一般疑问句构成：将be与主语互换位置5.特殊疑问句What（疑问词）+be+主语+doing? 6．进行时的提示词。如：now,thesedays，look,listen，It’s…o’clock等7.现在分词的四种构成形式:1)动词原形+ing.如：go---goingdo---doing2)e结尾的动词，先去e再加ing如：write---writingtake---taking 3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一辅音字母，再加ing.如：sit—sittingrun---runningbegin---beginning4)以ie结尾的动词先变ie为y,再+ing.如：lie---lyingdie----dying 关于冠词的用法和疑问句的复习，请老师们根据自己的课时安排和学生的实际情况进行。后面提供的一些讲解和练习题供老师们选用。 冠词1.不定冠词a/an的基本用法：1）泛指某人或某物。如Thenanideaoccurredtome.2）代表一类人或物,但没有one强烈。Anelephantisheavierthanahorse.3）用于某些词组或成语中。Asamatteroffact,Idon’tlikethestory. 2.不定冠词a/an的位置：a/an除了位于名词短语之首之外，还有几种特例：当名词短语中含有so，as，too，how这样的词时，a/an的位置为:so/as/too/how+adj+a(an)+名词eg.soniceagirlb)such(what)+a(an)+adj+名词eg.suchanicegirlc)quite(rather)+a(an)+adj+名词＝aquite(rather)+adj+名词 4.定冠词the的基本用法1）特指人或物Showmethephotoofyourfamily.Cutatomato.Putthetomatoonthebread.(指前面提到过的事物）Howmucharetheredsocks?(双方都知道)2)用在单数名词前表示一类人或物Thedogisausefulanimal.3)用在序数词和形容词最高级前Inthefirstphoto,I’mplayingbasketball.What’sthebestradiostation? 4)用在乐器名称前。Noneofthemcanplaythepiano.用在姓氏的复数形式前。theTaylors.(泰勒一家人)6）用在固定词组中inthemorningallthesame 5.零冠词的惯用法：在季节、月份、星期、节假日、学科、三餐、球、棋类名词前。2）在称呼语、独一无二的头衔、职位的名词前。Ilikemymusicteacher,MrCooper.3）在国名、城市名、人名、语言等名词前。 4）在专用名词（汉语拼音）开头的名词词组前。BeijingairportTian’anmenSquare5）表乘交通工具的短语中bybus=onabus,bytrain=onthe/atrain 疑问句一般疑问句：指须用yes或no回答的问句。一般现在时：1）Am/Is/Are+主语……?2)Do+主语+do….?3)Does+主语+do….?4)Can+主语+do….现在进行时：Am/Is/Are+主语+doing…?一般过去时：1)Was/Were+主语……?2)Did+主语+do……? 特殊疑问句：指以who,what,where,when,how等疑问词+一般疑问句语序的问句。