2013高考备考高中英语语法 定语从句 21页

定语从句3第一部分考点精讲精练3第1讲相关概念3考点1.主句、从句、关系词3考点2.关系代词3考点3.关系副词3第2讲关系词的选择4考点1.选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分4考点2.选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”4考点3.关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首4第3讲只能用that不能用which的情况5考点1.先行词是anything,something,nothing,everything,等不定代词时5考点2.先行词是all,much，little,none或先行词被all,much,little,no,any修饰时5考点3.先行词被最高级、序数词以及thefirst,thelast,thevery,theonly,thesame5考点4.先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that6考点5.注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响6第4讲其它有关关系词选择的规则6考点1.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，whom;不能用that,who6考点2.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which,who,whom,不用that，也不能省略6考点3.当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that6考点4.关系代词在从句中作表语或therebe结构中的实意主语时,that可指人或物，而且通常省略6考点5.当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，关系代词常用who7第5讲whose可指人也可指物7考点1.若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换,指人，则不可与ofwhom互换7考点2.名词前有冠词the时用ofwhich,名词前没有冠词时用whose7第6讲as,but,than用作关系代词7考点1.as引导限制性定语从句7考点2.thesame…as与thesame…that8考点3.such…as和such….that的区别（该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句）8考点4.but用作关系代词（选学内容）8考点5.than用作关系代词（选学内容）8写作专练1.as做关系代词很有用（P17）9第7讲关系副词9考点1.关系副词在定语从句中做状语9考点2.theway做先行词9考点3.situation,case,point,business等后常用关系副词where9考点4.occasion(时机)做先行词用关系副词时用when10考点5.when引导非限制性定语从句10第8讲关系词的省略(仅供了解)10考点1.关系代词的省略10考点2.关系副词的省略10第9讲介词＋关系代词10考点1.关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用whom或which,不可用who,that11考点2.fromwhere为“介词＋关系副词“结构，可以引导定语从句11考点3.像lookafter,lookfor等固定短语动词11考点4.部分与整体用of11考点5.介词的选择：看前看后看意思11第10讲限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句12考点1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别12考点2.As，which引导的非限制性定语从句12写作专练2.as,which引导非限制性定语从句（P17）13写作专练3.使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（P18）13第11讲同位语从句和定语从句13第12讲定语从句与易混句型15考点1.定语从句与同位语从句15 考点2.定语从句与地点状语从句15考点3.定语从句与结果状语从句15考点4.定语从句与并列句15考点5.定语从句与独立主格结构16考点6.定语从句与强调句型16第13讲定语从句的其它常见考点16考点1.先行词与定语从句隔离16考点2.oneof,theoneof,theonlyoneof16考点3.what不能引导定语从句,one作同位语17考点4.Isthisschooltheone与Isthistheschool17写作专练4.综合运用本章所学定语从句内容（P18）17第二部分专题过关测试17第三部分写作能力提升19写作专练1.as做关系代词很有用（参看P5考点1）19写作专练2.as,which引导非限制性定语从句（参看P10考点2）19写作专练3.使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（参看P10考点1）20写作专练4.综合运用本章所学定语从句内容，翻译下列句子（参看P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）20写作专练1.20 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。定语从句第一部分考点精讲精练第1讲相关概念21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.主句、从句、关系词主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，相当于主句的一个定语先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的三个作用1.作定语从句的一个句子成分。2.起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）。3.代指被修饰的先行词。考点2.关系代词①指人时可以用who,也可用that。Doyouknowtheboywho/thatismydeskmate?Themanwho/thatwaskilledintheaccidentisTom’suncle.②指物时可以用which,也可用that：Ilikevisitingplaceswhich/thatarenotfaraway.Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday.③whose可以指人也可以指物Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.Thedogwhosetailisveryshortismyneighbor’s.④关系代词作宾语时可以省略：Ilikethemealthat/which/()wehadlastnight.Doyouknowtheboywho/whom/that/()wetalkedaboutjustnow?注：（）表示关系代词省略考点3.关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。例如：①Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.②Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.③Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.④ThisisthewayhowIdidit.(how不能作关系词)基础过关：1.用合适的关系词完成句子。①Theman/washereyesterdayisapainter.②Theman///IsawiscalledSmith.③Achildparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.④I"dlikearoomwindowlooksoutoverthesea.⑤Aletter/iswritteninpencilishardtoread.⑥Theletter//Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.⑦Thatistheboy///youarelookingfor.⑧Doyouknowthereasonhewaslateforthemeeting.⑨ThisistheschoolIusedtostudy.⑩Istillrememberthedaywemetforthefirsttime.2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词：主句：______定语从句：（）先行词：先行词关系词：例：Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).①Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.②Haveyouboughtwhichthebookwetalkedabout③Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.④Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.⑤TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.⑥ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。①Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn’tbefriends.②Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.③Thedaysweregonewhenwehadtotravelonhorses.④Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲关系词的选择21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。1.HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.2.Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.3.Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.4.Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in,但关系词有用which也有用where的；在句3和句4在，先行词都是theschool,但关系词有用which也有用where的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是做主语，因此用的都是关系代词which在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是做状语，因此都是用关系副词where我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分。考点2.选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”1.找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词（参看本章第1讲）2.还：根据先行词提供的意思，大胆的把定语从句还原为完整的一句话，（可以添词）3.替换：用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分，做主语和宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词（时间状语用when，地点状语用where,原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对划线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用成which/that即可）例如：1.Thisistheschool____Ioncestudied.2.Thisistheschool____isthemostfamousinthecity.3.Iamstudyingataschool____myfatherteachesEnglish.找：（略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：1.Ioncestudiedattheschool.2.Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.3.MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据“对划线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：1.where2.that/which3.where考点3.关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup________hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词做宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词1.Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why2.Isthisthereason______hewassocarelessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why3.Thereason______hedidn"tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what4.Helivesinavillage____isnotfarfromthecity.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose5.Helivesinthevillage____hewasborn.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose6.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces___couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.AwhereB.whenCwhichD.what7.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces___wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed..A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what8.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren"sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.Theplace_______hehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren"sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.I’llneverforgetthedays_____westudiedtogether.A.thatB.不填C.whenD.AandB3.I’llneverforgetthedays_____wespenttogether.A.thatB.不填C.whenD.AandB4.Ifwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways____donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.A.inwhichB./C.howD.that5.Isthisthefactory_____colorTVsetsareproduced.A.whenB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich6.Isthisfactory_____colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich7.Thisisthefactory____producescolorsTVsets.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich8.【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_______lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose9.【2010天津】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’sIgo.It’sonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that10.【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,__________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that11.【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who12.【2012江西】By16:30,wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB．whenC．whatD．that21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲只能用that不能用which的情况21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.先行词是anything,something,nothing,everything,等不定代词时关系代词一般只用that，不用which。1.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.whichB.asC.whoD.that2.Isthereanything__________toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs3.【2010全国2】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what考点2.先行词是all,much，little,none或先行词被all,much,little,no,any修饰时关系词只能用that,不能用which。Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.4.Thesepeopleoncehadfameandfortune;now____islefttothemisutterpoverty.A.allthatB.allwhatC.allwhichD.thatall5.Thedoctordidall____tosavethewoundedboy.A.whathecouldB.hecouldC.everythingwhichhecouldD.forwhichhecoulddo6.Thereisnotmuch___canbedone.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how7.【2010浙江】_________that"simportantisthatyouaredoingyourbestandmovingintherightdirection.A.OneB.AllC.EverythingD.Anything8.Thereisnodifficulty____can"tbeovercomeintheworld.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what9.Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.what10.Youcantakeanyseat___isfree.A.thatB./C.whichD.it考点3.先行词被最高级、序数词以及thefirst,thelast,thevery,theonly,thesame等类似特指这类词修饰时，关系代词常用that，不用which.11.Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which；thatB.that；whichC.which；whichD.that；that12.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho13.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone____Ihavewatchedthisyear.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that14.Thisistheveryfilm___I"velongwishedtosee.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom15.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch__________washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.Thisisthelasttime__Ishallcomeheretohelpyou.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what2.It’sthethirdtime__________latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived考点1.先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that3.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnightA.whichB.whomC.whoD.that4.Boththegirlandherdog____werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that5.Allthepassengersandsuitcases____werestillwaitingonthebrokendownbushadtobetransferredtoanotherlongdistancebus.A.theyB.whoC.whichD.that6.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what考点2.注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响这只是在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。如：7.【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_______lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose8.Thisisthesamehouse_____hergrandfatherwasborn.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲其它有关关系词选择的规则21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，whom;不能用that,who1.【2011湖南】JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_________shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that2.【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat3.Thisisthemuseum____wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat4.【2009全国I】Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these5.【2010浙江】Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_______lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those6.【2012上海】Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom__youreceivedgifts?A.whichB.themC.thatD.whom考点2.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which,who,whom,不用that，也不能省略7.【2008浙江】Yesterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.　A.whomB.whereC.thatD.which8.【2010全国1】Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,________isnamedafterhisgrandfather.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that9.【2012全国Ⅱ】Thatevening,___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when10.Yesterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.A.whomB.whereC.thatD.theone考点3.当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that同理，当先行词是that,those时，用关系代词which或who。What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?11.Whoistheperson___isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom12.Who____hasthesameideaasitwilldoitinthisway.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which13.Who_____hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that14.Those__________notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn考点4.关系代词在从句中作表语或therebe结构中的实意主语时,that可指人或物，而且通常省略(概括为：在从句中位于be后。此条仅作了解)Hestilltalksliketheman（that）hewastenyears21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。ago.他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。Thetrainisthefastesttrain（that）therehaseverbeen.这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。Mytypewriterisnotthemachine(that)itwas.我的打字机已不是过去的机器了。1.Shewasnolongerthewoman___shewas.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who2.Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl___sheusedtobe.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.that考点1.当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，关系代词常用whoAnyonewhoisagainstusisourenemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶。比昂英语（原远航英语）系列丛书之《高中英语语法通霸2012版》（适合2013高考）21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲whose可指人也可指物21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。whose做关系代词可以指人也可指物，用作定语。考点1.若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换,指人，则不可与ofwhom互换1.Helivesinahouse.Itswindowfacessouth.Helivesinahouse.Thewindowofitfacessouth.→Helivesinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.Helivesinahouse,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.Helivesinahouse,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.2.Heisthefarmer.HissonisstudyinginQinghuaUniversity.由于我们一般说hisson不说thesonofhim,说mybook,不说thebookofme,因此我们只能说HeisthefarmerwhosesonisstudyinginQinghuaUniversity.而不能说：Heisthefarmer,thesonofwhomisstudyinginQinghuaUniversity.考点2.名词前有冠词the时用ofwhich,名词前没有冠词时用whose1.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhich2.Isawsometrees______theleaveswereblackwithdisease.A.whereB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.whose3.【2010陕西】Theoldtemple,_______roofwasdamagedinstorm,isnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose4.【2011全国I】Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what5.Shehadtwobrothersandasister,_____facesshecouldremember,becausetheyhaddiedwhenshewasveryyoung.A.noneofwhoseB.noneofthemC.neitherofwhoseD.allofwhose6.【2008陕西】Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.　A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich　7.【2009安徽】Manychildren，parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage．A．theirB．whoseC．ofthemD．withwhom8.【2012天津】IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without_______helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第2讲as,but,than用作关系代词21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.as引导限制性定语从句as引导限制性定语从句时,as是关系代词，代指thesame,so,such和as引导的短语，在定语从句中通常做主语、宾语和表语。常用于下面四种情况：1.such...as/suchas意为“...的那种...，像那样的”。Don’ttrustsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.(as做主语)不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。Youshouldreadonlysuchbooksasyoucanunderstandwithoutmuchdifficulty.(as作宾语)你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书。2.thesame...as/thesameas意为“与...同样的”Wehavearrivedatthesameconclusionastheyhave.(as作宾语)21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。我们已得出和他们同样的结论。ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.(as作宾语)这同我丢的那块表一样。1.as+形+冠+n+as，是as+形+as的一种变化形式。Heisasgoodashisbrother他和他弟弟一样好。这句话还可以表达为：Heisasgoodaboyashisbrother.It’saspleasantafilmasIhaveeverseen.(as作宾语)这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。2.so+形+冠+n+as，是such+冠+形+n…as的一种变化形式。Heissuchaniceboy.用so可以表达为：Heissoniceaboy.Itwassodifficultaproblemasnooneworkedout.这是一道没有人算出来的难题。　考点1.thesame…as与thesame…thatthesame…as指同一类，thesame…that指同一个Iboughtthesamecarasyours.我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。Thisisthesamebag(theverybag)thatIlostyesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那个包Thatisthesamemanthataskedforhelpthedaybeforeyesterday.那就是前天来求助的同一个人考点2.such…as和such….that的区别（该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句）such…as“像……样的”,as引导的是定语从句,as做句子成分；such…that“如此……以至于”，that引导的是结果状语从句,that不做句子成分。判断办法：如果后面成分完整，用that来引导结果状语从句；如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as来引导定语从句。Heissuchalovelyboythatwealllovehim.（成分完整，结果状语从句）译为：他如此可爱,我们都喜欢他。Heissuchalovelyboyaswealllove.（成分不完整，是定语从句）译为：他是那种我们都喜爱的男孩。高中英语语法通霸2012版练习1.Heissuchalazyman____nobodywantstoworkwith___.AashimBthat;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Itwasn’tsuchagoodpresent___hehadpromisedme.A.thatB.asC.whichD.what3.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice___peopleexpected.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which4.Heisn"tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as5.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as6.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what7.Thisissuchaheavybox____Ican’tmoveit.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whose8.Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety___ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.A.asB.thatC.whichD.where9.LasttermourEnglishteachersetsodifficultanexaminationproblem____noneofusworkedout.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whose10.Themanshowedussoheavyastone___noonecanlift.A.thatB.asC.whichDand11.Ireceived___niceagift__mymotherpromised.A.thesame,asB.as,asC.such,asD.thesame,that12.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which13.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what14.Ifoundthebookjust___IborrowedyesterdaysoIgotitbackatonce.A.thesamethatB.thesameasC.suchasD.suchthat15.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as考点3.but用作关系代词（选学内容）but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相当于“that／which／who．．．not”。它前面的主句通常有“否定”的词（如：no，not，little，few，hardly等）。(为了快速培养语感，也可把but意译为“除了”)。1.Thereisnomotherbutlovesherownchildren．（＝Thereisnomotherthat／whodoesnotloveherownchildren．）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。2.Thereisnomanbutfeelspityforthestarvingchildren.没有人不为这些饥饿的孩子感到同情的。3.Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents.（but=whodon"t）很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。4.Thereisnorulebuthasexception.凡规则都有例外。21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.than用作关系代词（选学内容）than在定语从句中作关系代词，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语，但仍以充当主语为多。在定语从句中，它与关系代词that所起的语法作用是差不多的，只是在翻译或解释时，要比that多一层比较的意味。另外，由than含有比较意味可知，该类定语从句的先行词前通常要有形容词的比较级形式。例如：1.Youmakemoremoneythanisintendedtomake.(主语)你挣得的钱比预计的要多。2.Thereweremorecasualtiesthanwasreported.伤亡人数比报道的要多。3.Newspapersandothermediadomorethansimplyrecordwhathappens.报纸和其它媒体做的不仅仅是记录发生的事情。写作专练1.as做关系代词很有用（P17）21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲关系副词21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.关系副词在定语从句中做状语1.【2008北京】I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where2.【2008安徽】Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily,______theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.　A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that3.【2009重庆】Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where4.【2009北京】–Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob___youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.A.whereB.WhichC.WhenD.that5.【2012重庆】Salesdirectorisaposition_____communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesability.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where6.【2012浙江】Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich考点2.theway做先行词首先要确定theway在定语从句中做什么成分。如果theway在定语从句中做主语或宾语，要选用关系代词。如：1.Idon’tliketheway____willcosttoomuchmoney.2.Theway____hethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasnotpractical.在句1中，theway在定语从句中做主语，因此要填关系代词that/which在句2中，theway在定语从句中做宾语，因此也要用关系代词：that/which/省略如果theway在定语从句中做状语，关系词用下面三种情况的的任一种都行高中英语语法通霸2012版①inwhich,②that③省略Theway____heansweredthequestionwassurprising.A.howB.thatC.inwhichD.不填E.BCD答案：定语从句恢复为完整的一句话后为：Heansweredthequestionintheway.intheway在定语从句中做状语，因此选E。7.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./8.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich9.Thisistheonlyway_____youcanfind.A.thatB.不填C.inwhichD.A,BandCE.AandB10.Idon’tliketheway_____hespoketohismother.A.thatB.不填C.inwhichD.A,BandC考点3.situation,case,point,business等后常用关系副词where11.【2007江西】Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer___sheneededtodecidewhattodo.A.thatB．whatC．whichD．where12.【2009浙江】IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.AwhichBwhereChowDwhy13.【2003上海】Icanthinkofmanycases____studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn"twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where14.【2008江西】Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders__consumercomplaintshave21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。resultedinchangesinthelaw.　A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which1.【2004湖南】Iworkinabusiness____almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that2.【2009福建】It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where3.Inexperiments____youngteensareallowedtosleepaslongastheywant,theytendtosleepanaverageofhours.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when考点1.occasion(时机)做先行词用关系副词时用whenItwasarare-indeedunique-occasionwhenIwasabletoputRitchieright考点2.when引导非限制性定语从句4.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,___forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheworldcup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when5.Therainbowcan’tbeseenatnoon,____thesunishighinthesky.A.whileB.whenC.soD.that6.Christmasistheonlytimeoftheyear,___menandwomenopentheirheartsfreelyandthinkofotherpeople.A.whileB.whenC.soD.that7.Weplayedinthegardentillsunset，___itbegantorain．A.whenB.afterC.whileD.then21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲关系词的省略(仅供了解)21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.关系代词的省略1关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语且关系代词不直接位于介词后面时，可以省略。如：Isthereanything(which)youwant?想要什么东西吗?Whoistheman(that,who,whom)youweretalkingto?刚才和你讲话的人是谁?但是，如果是直接用于介词后作宾语，则不可省略。如：ThisistheroominwhichIlive.这是我住的那间房间。2关系代词在从句中作表语或therebe结构中的实意主语时,that可指人或物，而且通常省略Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwasintheoldtimes.中国已不是旧时代的中国了。Theoldmanisnottheman(that)hewas.这个老人已不是以前那个样子了。Thisisthefastestcomputer（that）therehaseverbeen.这是有史以来运算最快的计算机。考点2.关系副词的省略关系副词when的省略用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但若用于day,year,time,themoment等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：Thatwastheyear(that)Ifirstwentabroad.就是那一年我第一次出国了。I’llneverforgettheday(that)wemet.我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。.Bythetime(when)hewasfourteenyearsold,Einsteinhadlearntadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.到十四岁时，爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。Doyoustillremembertheday(when)wefirstmet?你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？关系副词where的省略用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但若用于place,somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere等几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：Thisistheplace(where)wemetforthefirsttime.这是我们第一次见面的地方。Doyouhaveanywhere(that)Icanliedownforanhour?你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？关系副词why的省略关系副词why通常只用于thereason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或forwhich，均可省略。如：That’sthereason(why,forwhich,that)hecame.这就是他来的原因。Givemeonereason(why)weshouldhelpyou.给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲介词＋关系代词21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用whom或which,不可用who,that(参看P40)考点2.fromwhere为“介词＋关系副词“结构，可以引导定语从句例如：Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown..1.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_____kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.A.fromthatB.fromwhereC.fromthereD.fromhere考点3.像lookafter,lookfor等固定短语动词在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.2.Thisisthebaby__tomorrow.A.afterwhomIshalllookB.whomIshalllookafterC.whoseIshalllookafterD.afterwhomIshalllookafter考点4.部分与整体用of3.Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,___uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.A.inwhichB.forwhichC.withwhichD.ofwhom4.Therearemanybooksonscience,___thisisoneexample.A.whichB.fromwhichC.ofwhichD.intowhich5.【2008四川】Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,____NewYorkisanexample.　A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich6.【2012四川】Inourclassthereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem　　考点5.介词的选择：看前看后看意思看与先行词的搭配7.Thebicycle___heoftenridesneedsrepairing.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.bywhichD.withwhich8.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_____theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich9.【2012全国Ⅱ】100℃isthetemperature___whichwaterwillboil.A.forB.atC.onD.of10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein11.【2008上海】Wewentthroughaperiod______communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.　A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich12.【2012湖南】Careofthesoulisagradualprocess_____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich看谓语的搭配13.Thetwothings__________theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich14.Henrysetupaclubforfootballfans,______heinvitedallhisfriends.A.forwhomB.towhomC.towhichD.fromwhich15.【2010上海】Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_______ wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhich      B.bywhich          C.towhich       D.fromwhich16.Isthisjustthecity____theforeignguestswishtopayavisit_____.A.which,inB.towhich,/C.that,toD.tothat,/17.Heisamanofgreatexperience,__________muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom18.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom19.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich20.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what21.【2009陕西】Guncontrolisasubject____Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich根据句子意思22.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidethe21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。house.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that1.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,___manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime2.【2008上海春】Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry，_________therewon’tbemuchworkA.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich3.【2008福建】Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQumolangma,____appearedararerainbowsoon.　A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上A.做宾语时可省略B.可用thatC.可用who代替whomA.不可省B.不用thatC.不用who代替whom21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别⑴限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。高中英语语法通霸2012版例如：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。【限制性】Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。【非限制性】当先行词是专有名词或有物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我的房子，去年买的，带着个漂亮的花园。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。练习：翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别：1.Hehasabrotherwhoisaphysicist.Hehasabrother,whoisaphysicist.2.HereturnedallthebookswhicharewritteninEnglish.Hereturnedallthebooks,whicharewritteninEnglish.3.Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.Mysister,wholivesnextdoor,isadoctor.4.Astudentwhostudieshardwillmakegoodprogress.Thestudent,wholivesfarfromschool,isthecaptainoftheirfootballteam.考点2.As，which引导的非限制性定语从句①as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。②as引导非限制性从句，常带有"正如"。当从句为否定时不能用as③as,which可指代一句话，也可指代一句话的一部分。④非限制性定语从句将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。⑤asisoftenthecase是常用说法，意为“象往常那样；正如经常发生的那样”。1.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。____wasunexpected.A.whichB.asC.thatD.it1.【2010四川】Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling，______turnedouttobeawisedecision．A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where2.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,____hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis3.Youwereveryimpolitetohim,for______youshouldmakeanapologytohim,Ithink.A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that4.【2011北京】MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_________,ofcourse,makealltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that5.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,___wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it6.【2008全国II】Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.itB.whatC.whichD.that7.【2009全国II】Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,______wasverykindofhim.学A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it8.【2009山东】WheneverImether,_________wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that9.【2012北京】Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when10.____mightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasverymixed.A.AsB.ThatC.ItD.What11.【2004江苏】________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As12.Ifthelow-incomefamiliescannotaffordtopurchasemedicalinsurance,___wasthecasewithWangLin,othermeasurestoreducepovertywillnotsucceed.A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That13.TheBeatles,_____manyofyouaretoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as14.HemustbefromAfrica,__________canbeseenfromhisskinA.thatB.asC.whoD.what15.【2012福建】Theairqualityinthecity,______isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.thatB.itC.asD.what16.【2012安徽】Ａlotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.asB.itC.whichD.this写作专练1.as,which引导非限制性定语从句（P17）写作专练2.使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（P18）21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲同位语从句和定语从句21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:1.从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如:Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句）Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。（定语从句）Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句）2.从性质上区别21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。如:Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。<同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息>Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。<定语从句,指他告诉我的消息。>ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。<同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容>Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。<定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语>3.引导词上的区别1.引导词that引导词that引导定语从句时，做从句的一个成分，有时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。练习：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句：①Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令昨天收到了。②Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。解析：①是同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，但不能省略。②是定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以换为which，也可以省略。2.who,whose,whom,which,when,where,why除引导定语从句外，也可引导同位语从句。how,whether,what虽不能引导定语从句，却可引导同位语从句（参看：P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）区别：A.定语从句的引导词在意思上反映的是先行词的意思，而同位语从句的引导词在意思上和前面的词没有联系。B.在定语从句中，关系副词可以换为介词+关系代词，而引导同位语从句的连接副词却不能换为介词+连接代词的形式。练习：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句：1)Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.2)Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.3)Ihaven’tansweredthequestionhowIwilldealwithit.4)TheschoolwhereBobstudiesisinthemiddleofthecity5)Thedecisionwhenweshouldgetstartedhasn’tbeenmade.答案及解析：1），2），3）是同位语从句，它们是在说明前面词的内容,whether,what和how不能引导定语从句。4）是定语从句，where反映的是先行词的意思，可以换为inwhich.5)是同位语从句。从句是在说明decision的内容。when并没有反映thedecision的意思。when也不能改为atwhichtime.练习题:1.【2004上海春】Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether2.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose3.Thenews____hehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.A.thatBwhichC.whatD.where4.Thenews____youtoldmeyesterdayistrue.A.thatBwhenC.whatD.where5.【2006重庆】Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentformtheclass_____hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because6.Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why7.Galileocollectedthefacts_____provedtheearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.AandB8.Galileodiscoveredthefact_____theearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.AandB9.【2006安徽】Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome____Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother"sbirthday.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which10.【2012上海】Thereismuchtruthintheidea_kindnessisusuallyservedbyfrankness.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.whether21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲定语从句与易混句型21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。是并列句时要有and,so,but等并列连词或分号。是复合句时也要有连接词。总之，只用逗号而不用连接词简单的把两个主谓结构连接到一起的句子是错误的。两个主谓结构在一起没有连词时，有四种改法。如：IlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.×IlikeEnglishandmyEnglishisverygood.√AsIlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.√IlikeEnglish;myEnglishisgood.√IlikingEnglish,myEnglishisgood.√<参看P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.>考点1.定语从句与同位语从句（参看P11第11讲）考点2.定语从句与地点状语从句定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词＋which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。A.where;Bwhere/onwhich①Rice doesn‘t grow well __ there is not enough water②I still remember the farm ___ my parents worked ten years ago．答案：①A②B1.Sometimesthewagonshadtobeliftedorpulledup,___werenoroads.A.whereB.wherethereC.inwhichD.inwhichthere【D为什么不行？】2.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s___youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere【C为什么不行?】3.Whenyoureadthebook,you"dbettermakeamark_____youhaveanyquestions.A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplaceD.where4.Thehousestood_____therehadbeenarock.A.whichB.atwhichC.whenD.where【B.为什么不行?】5..【2006四川】---Mom,whatdidyourdoctorsay?---Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher. A.inwhere           B.inwhich             C.theplacewhere      D.where 6.【2006天津】Ifyouaretraveling ____thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo. A.inwhich   B.what      C.when  D.where 考点3.定语从句与结果状语从句这里主要指such．．．as／that（参看P6考点3）考点4.定语从句与并列句并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或分号连接，这时就不必再用关系词了；而定语从句中，关系词起着连接作用，不必要再用and,but，so等连词。（参看两个主谓结构时P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）A.them;B.theyC.whom①He has three daughters,none of ___ is an engineer.②He has three daughters,but none of __ is a dancer.③He has three daughters； _____ are doctors.答案：①C②A③A7.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who8.Ihavefivefriends,butnoneof_____arebusinessmen.A.thatB.whomC.theyD.themE.who9.Ihavefivefriends,_____arebusinessmen.A.thatB.whoC.theyD.them10.【2012山东】Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what11._____isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A．ItB.AsC.WhatD.That12._____isreportedinthenewspaperthattalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.WhatD.That13.____talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogressisreportedinthenewspaper.A.ItB.AsC.WhatD.That14.____isreportedinthenewspaperisthattalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.WhatD.That15.Asurveywascarriedoutonthedeathrateofnew-bornbabiesinthatregion,___weresurprising.21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。A.asresultsB.whichresultsC.theresultsofitD.theresultsofwhich1.Theyoungmothersawherbabyfalltotheground,______broughtherhearttohermouth.A.itB.andthatC.andwhichD.that2.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherexpected.A.thatwaswhatB.whatwasthatC.andwhichwasD.whichwaswhat3.Theybelievedthatthespiritsarewiththebodyofthedeadpersonforthreedays;___thereisalwayssomeonetostaywiththedeadperson.A.duringthistimeB.duringwhichtimeC.duringwhichD.duringwhen考点1.定语从句与独立主格结构有关系词引导的定义从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主构结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。<参看P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.>考点2.定语从句与强调句型看下面两个题①ItwasontheNationalDay___shemetwithherseparatedsister.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which（选C可以吗？为什么？）②Whendidyougettoknowhim?ItwasonthemorningofMay1st_____IwasplayinginthePark.A.thatB.when在①中，如果选C，把后面看作定语从句，语法上也说得过去，是在她遇到与她分别的妹妹的那个国庆节，但什么是在这个国庆节？语义不完整。如果把whenshemetwithherseparatedsister看作时间状语，把it看作表示时间，这样怎样？还是不行！需要把on去掉才行！【参看P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.】因此要选A，她遇到她分别的妹妹是在国庆节。这样语义就完整了。我们可以看出：高中英语语法通霸2012版该用强调句型的如果用定语从句，语义不完整。在②中，如果选A的话，则译为“我在公园玩是在五一的上午（而不是别的时间）”；这样，就是所答非所问了。选B的话，译为“是在我在公园玩的那个五一的上午”。因此答案为B。B可以看作后面省略了thatIgottoknowhim.该用定语从句的，如果用按强调句型去理解，所答非所问。4.【2008全国II】ItwasinNewZealand___ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.A.thatB.howC.whichD.when　5.ItwasontheNationalDay___shemetwithherseparatedsister.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which6.Itwasevening_______wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.AthatB.untilC.sinceD.before7.It is our parents ____we depend on when we are in trouble.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.不填8.【2007山东】—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm_________weworked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲定语从句的其它常见考点21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：①ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout..②Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited1.【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who2.【2011上海】You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as3.【2011天津】Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which4.【2012浙江】Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandnature,_______,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom5.【2012江苏】Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,_____urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what考点2.oneof,theoneof,theonlyoneof21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。oneof加名词复数后跟定语从句时，先行词是前面名词复数，从句谓语用复数；theoneof/theonlyoneof加名词复数后跟定语从句时，先行词是theone/theonlyone，从句谓语用单数。①Tomisoneofthestudentswho______goodatplayingfootball.②Tomistheonly/veryoneofthestudentswho______goodatplayingfootball.③Tomistheoneofthestudentswho______goodatplayingfootball.在①中，定语从句的先行词是thestudents,这些学生都擅长踢足球，而Tom是他们中的一个,因此who代指的是thestudents,因此填are。在②中，Tom就是那些学生中唯一擅长踢足球的那一个。擅长踢足球的只有一人，因此，who代指一个人，后面填is。此时，先行词是theone。此时，theone有两个定语，ofthestudents和后面的定语从句。第③句同第②句差不多。擅长踢足球的还是只有一人，因此，先行词是theone。1.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho_____passedtheexamination.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have2.Itisoneofthebestbooks_____.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwritten!C.WhichhavebeenwrittenD.whichhasbeenwritten3.Jackwastheoneofmyclassmateswho______invitedtoattendthecontest.A.hadB.haveC.wasD.were4.Thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilms_____shownlastweek.A.whichwasB.thatwasC.whichwereD.thatwere5.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___awinnerofscholarshipfor3years.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen考点1.what不能引导定语从句,one作同位语6.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,__Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what7.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,__shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which8.MissSmithisastrictbutgoodteacher,___oftencaresaboutourlifeandstudyatschool.A.onewhoB.whoeverC.theoneD.theperson9.ForTimthiswasthebeginningofanewlife,____hethoughthewouldneversee.A.whatB.thatC.oneD.it10.【2010山东】Helpingothersisahabit,________youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.A.itB.thatC.whatD.one考点2.Isthisschooltheone与Isthistheschool看下面两题：1)Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where2)Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./要简化难题，可把疑问句恢复成陈述句。在第一句中，恢复陈述句，is要放到school的后面。如果放到this的后面的话，就构成了thisisschool,而school作为可数名词单数是不能单独使用的，前面要用冠词或物主代词或指示代词。（参看：P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）两题的答案：AD11.Isthisphoto___youtookontheGreatWallthatday?A.whichB.whatC.theoneD.that12.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone13.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.which14.Isthisfactory_____colorTVsetsareproduced.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich15.Thisisthefactory____producescolorsTVsets.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。写作专练1.综合运用本章所学定语从句内容（P18）第二部分专题过关测试21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.【2011安徽】Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_____itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while2.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which3.Mr.JohnsaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity___hehadvisitedinChina.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what4.Theschool______myfatherteachesisaworld-famousone,___wassetup100yearsago.A.where；whichB.which；whichC./；whereD.where；that5.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?A.whoB./C.thatD.when6.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it7.Soundwavestravelintheairinmuchthesameway___waterwavesspreadonthewater.A.asB.thatC.whereD.inwhich8.Thetimeisnotfaraway___modemcommunicationswillbecomewidespreadinChina’svastcountryside.A.whenB.beforeC.untilD.as9.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoseperformance____wonaprize.A.isB.areC.hasD.have10.【2006山东】We"rejusttryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which11.I,___yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whicham12.Theoldmanhastwosons,___arelawyers.A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothofthey13.Air,___webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.A.thatB./C.whichD.it14.Thisisthemuseum____wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat15.Thismuseumis___youvisitedtheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone16.Thisisthemuseum___yousawtheotherday.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat17.Itisthethirdtime___latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived18.Weoftenthinkofthedays___wespenttogetherontheisland.A.whenB.whichC.inwhichD.duringwhich19.HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai,____Ilefttenyearsago?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when20.HehasleftforBeijing,___ameetingistobeheld.A.whenB.whereC.asD.which21.Thisistheveryplace___I’mwishingtolivein.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.inwhich22.Ihaveboughtthesamedress____sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.than23.Canyousolvesuchproblems___raisedbytheaudience?A.whatwereB.aswereC.thatwereD.whichwere24.Thereason___hedidn’tcomewas____hewasinjured.A.that,becauseB.why,thatC.why,becauseD.that,that21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.HemustbefromAfrica,____canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.itD.what2.Hisfatherdiedlastyear,____madeitimpossibleforhimtogoabroad.A.whenB.whichC.asD.that3.___isnatural,hemarriedMary.A.ItB.WhatC.WhichD.As4.Thebuses,____werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.whichmostD.thatmost5.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom6.Sheshowedmethedictionary___shepaidalotofmoney.A.bywhichB.towhichC.forwhichD.onwhich第三部分写作能力提升写作专练1.as做关系代词很有用（参看P5考点1）1.他如此幽默以致我们都大笑起来。（hishumorwassuch,burstintolaughter）2.起初，我认为李老师有点怪，因为他总是问一些没人能回答的问题。（kindofodd,suchquestionsas）3.他不是一个把今天事拖到明天做这样的一个人。（suchaman,putoff…untiltomorrow）4.我们应当读一些使我们明智的书。（suchbooksas,wiser）5.在我生日那天，我收到了像母亲承诺的那样好的一件礼物。（receiveasgoodagift）6.我在他的书包里发现了我前几天丢的那只钢笔，这支笔是我朋友送给我的生日礼物。我怒不可遏了。（thesame,agiftfrom,containmyanger）写作专练2.as,which引导非限制性定语从句（参看P10考点2）1.我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我乘出租车立即把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。（findsomebodydoing,take…to,）2.正在一句谚语所说，"AllworkbutnoplaymakesJackadullboy."如果没有一个强壮的身体，一个人会一事无成。（saying,asoundbody,achieve）3.正在图表所显示的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去两年越来越糟。（asisshowninthechart,theairquality）4.我在汉语演讲比赛中获一等奖，这我做梦也没有想到。（winthefirstprize,Chinesespeechcompetition,beyondmywildestdreams.）5.在我国，许多学生上不起大学，李华就是这种情况，但这些人却花这么多钱买奢侈品。（can’taffordthefeesto,asisthecasewith,wastemoneybuying,luxury）21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。写作专练1.使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（参看P10考点1）1.我们的学校，位于内乡西北角，有34年历史。（belocatedin,haveahistoryof）2.我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们一切都奉献给了我们。（inone’sthirties,devoteoneselfto）3.我们学校的领导，都年轻有为，他们也都是教学方面的专家，还经常到外地学习先进的教学和管理经验。(youngandsuccessfulintheircareers,expert,advancedtheoriesinteachingandmanagement)4.我们学校有四千多学生，大多数都能用心学习。(themajorityof,putone’sheartinto)5.我为我们的学校而感到自豪。在这里，如果我们好好学习的话，一定会考上名牌大学。(beproudof,thereisagoodchancethat,beadmittedto)写作专练2.综合运用本章所学定语从句内容，翻译下列句子（参看P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）1.但是，现在许多公司关心的却是怎样挣到更多的钱，不管环境受到怎样的破坏。（However,all,careabout,makemoney,nomatterhowseriously,theenvironment，damage）2.我的家乡已不再是十年前的那个小村庄了，那时到处都是破旧房子，人们食不果腹。（Myhometown,thelittlevillage,when,wornoldhouses,hardlyfeedthemselves）3.那个小学的许多学生，他们的父母远在大城市打工，不得不由他们的祖父母照看，而他们的祖父母许多连自己都照顾不了了。（primaryschool,whoseparents,workasmigrantworkers,betakencareof,grandparents）4.他是那些学生中唯一一个连续三次获得一等奖的学生。（theonlyone,winthefirstprize,inarow）5.参观你所在地城市是一次难忘的经历，一次我将永生珍视的经历。（visitingyourcity,experience,one,valuefortherestofmylife）21Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)