高三英语语法定从专题讲练 5页

高三英语语法专题讲练——定语从句编制人：审核人：序号：4班级:姓名:小组:一．定语从句的基本概念1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as等；关系副词：where,when,why等。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。HarryPotteristhemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveread.(thatIhaveread是定语从句；novel是先行词；that是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作haveread的宾语。)二．关系代词as引导的定语从句限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。1）当先行词为整个句子时，只能用非限制性定语从句。引导这类从句的关系代词只有as和which。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句中和句末，译作“正如……，正像……”。而which引导非限定性定语从句不能置于句首，译作“这”。常用形式：aswecansee(正如我们所看到的),aswehadexpected(正如我们所预料的),asisoftenthecase(情况常常如此),asisreportedinthenewspaper(正如报纸报道的那样),asiswellknown/asweallknow(众所周知),asthesayinggoes(俗话说)等。2）as也可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于下列句式：①such+名词+as…②thesame+名词+as…；She must pay for what she has done, which / as is natural. She,asweallknow,canspeakthreeforeignlanguages.Aswaspointedout,thiskindofsubstance(物质)ispoisonous.ThisisthesamebookasIlostyesterday.(thesame…as…表示与…同样，但不是同一个)ThisisthesamebookthatIlostyesterday.(thesame…that…表示同一个，就是那一个)三．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词一般只有which，whom。先行词是物时，用which，先行词是人时，用whom。that与who不能用在介词后。介词的选择1）依据定语从句中动词与形容词的搭配习惯来确定。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.(spendon)Oursisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichwearegreatlyproud.(beproudof)2)依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.3）“名词/代词+of+关系代词”结构在非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可以用“名词/代词+of+关系代词”5 的结构。常见的有some/several/afew/alittle/many/more/most/thelargest…ofwhich/whom等形式。Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.Hepaidtheboy＄10forwashingtenwindows,mostofwhichhadn"tbeencleanedforatleastayear．4）whose引导的定语从句可以转换为“of+关系代词”Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.=Theyliveinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.=Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichopenstothesouth.四．关系副词where,when 和why引导定语从句的关系副词除了起连接先行词和从句的作用外，它们还有一个重要的作用，那就是在定语从中充当成分。具体地说，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此在选择引导词时，如果从句中不缺主语或宾语，那么一定用关系副词；在实际的运用中，when相当于on/in/at/during…which，where相当于in/at/on/under…which，why相当于forwhich。1.—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob？—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob___youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting. (2009北京)A.where                  B.which                  C.when                   D.that2.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone____local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.(2009江苏)  A.if               B.when             C.which             D.since五．that与which的使用区别只能用that的情况：1.先行词为不定代词little，much，all，everything，anything，nothing…Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavemet.3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.主句是以which,who,what开头的特殊疑问句时Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7.在therebe句型中,只用that.Heaskedforthelatestbook(that)thereisonthesubject.不能用that的情况：1.关系代词前有介词时，不使用that.2.在非限制定语从句中，不使用that.多项选择1.【2013北京】Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks___animalsandplantscanbe5 protected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where2.【2013江苏】ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,______heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when3.【2013山东】Thereisnosimpleanswer,_____isoftenthecaseinscience.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where4.【2013天津】Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,_isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what5.【2013浙江】Thechildren,______hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.A.allofwhatB.allofwhichC.allofthemD.allofwhom6.【2013重庆】Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof______arefamilymembers.AthemB.thatC.whichD.whom7.【2012山东】Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof_____havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what8.【2012陕西】Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,____hassurprisedusall.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what9.【2012浙江】Weliveinanagemoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich10.【2013江西】Hewrotealetter______heexplainswhathadhappenedintheaccident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how11.【2011浙江】Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof____usesitsomewhatdifferently.A.whichB.whatC.themD.those12.【2011江西】Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_____hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich13.【2011福建】ItwasApril29,2001PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.before14.【2011湖南】JuliawasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof___shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that15.【2011天津】Thedaysaregone___physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which16.【2014安徽】TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which17.【2014北京】IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,myclassmatesrecommendedtome.5 A.whoB.whichC.whenD.where18.【2014福建】Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where19.【2014福建】Iamlookingforwardtothedaymydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.where20.【2014江苏】Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatworkagoodimpressionisamust.A.whichB.whenC.asD.where21.【2014山东】Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.why22.【2014陕西】Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what完成句子1.（2013湖北）Throughthecourseofmyschooling,Imetmanyteachers,twomegreatly.(influence)上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中二位对我影响很大。2.（2013山东）Finallyhereachedalonelyisland__________________________fromtheoutsideworld.(cut)最后他到达一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。3.（2013新课标I）”Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover”,______________________.(go)正如古语所说,人不能以貌取人。4.(2012天津)IwishtothankProfessorSmith,______________Iwouldneverhavegotthisfar.(help)我真得感谢史密斯教授。如果没有他的帮助，我就永远不会（在学术上）走这么远的。5.(2012四川)Inourclassthereare46students,________________wearglasses.(half)在我们班上的46个学生当中，一半都带眼镜。6.(2012江苏)Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,__________________cleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.（need）洪水过后，那个地区的人们忍受着巨大的痛苦，人们迫切需要清洁的水，药品栖身的临时住所。7.(2012福建)Theairqualityinthecity,_________________inthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.(show)正如报告中所写的那样，该城市的空气质量在过去的二个月已经得到了改善。8.This depends on the way______________________________. (treat)这取决于我们对待他们的方式.9. It was in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _____________________. (do) 他们正在由张教授负责的那个实验室里做实验。10.It was on the shelf ____________________that I found my car keys. How careless I was! (put)就在我放鞋子的地方的架子上我发现了车钥匙，我太粗心了！ 5 11.(2014湖北)He’stheonlystudentintheclasstotakepartintheModelUnitedNationsconference.(select)他是班上唯一被选上去参加模拟联合国大会的同学。12.I shall never forget the day when Zhengzhou V was lunched, ______________________________. (effect) 我将永远不会忘记神舟五号发射的这一天，这对我一生有着重大影响。5