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陈老师辅导系列之语法突破!第二十四章——插入语英语语法专题(二十四)插入语考点诠释考点1考查对插入语本身的掌握,词义的辨析不定式做插入语1.________thetruth,thisisallGreektome. A.TellB.TotellC.TellingD.Told【解析】选B。略。分词做插入语2._____themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality. A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally【解析】选C。generallyspeaking为分词短语,意思是“一般来说”,在句中用作插入语。形容词做插入语3._____,heshouldhavedonesuchathing. A.SpeakinggeneralB.StrangetosayC.LuckilyD.Ofcourse【解析】选B。strangetosay为形容词短语,意思是“说也奇怪”,在句中用作插入语。副词做插入语3.Twomiddle-agedpassengersfellintothesea.____,neitherofthemcouldswim. A.InfactB.LuckilyC.UnfortunatelyD.Naturally【解析】选C。unfortunately为副词,意思是“令人遗憾地,不巧,可惜”,在句中用作插入语。介词短语做插入语Yourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard,_____,youfailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime【解析】选C。inotherwords为介词短语,意思是“换句话说”,在句中用作插入语。从句做插入语2.Youcan,________,cometojoinusinthegame. A.ifyoupleaseB.ifyoupossibleC.ifyouhappyD.ifyounecessary【解析】选A。ifyouplease如果你愿意的话,如果你乐意的话。简短的句子结构作插入语Itissonicetohearfromher._____,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What’smoreB.ThatistosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot【解析】选D.believeitornot为一分句,意思是“信不信由你”,在句中作插入语。考点2由于插入语通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系,命题者有意在句中插入一个插入语,造成主谓分离,给考生的理解带来一定的困难和干扰。3.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofgreatimportancetoscience.(上海1998) A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis【解析】选A。这是一个非限制性定语从句,which在从句中作主语,代替thediscovery.做这类题目的方法是先将插入语Ithink去掉,然后再将句子还原成为Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,whichisofgreatimportancetoscience.问题就迎刃而解了。正确答案:A.4.Infact______isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.(上海2001) A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it【解析】选D。infact在句中实际担当插入语,只不过没用逗号隔开,意思是“实际上,对警察来说在一次重大的足球比赛中,维持秩序是一项困难的工作”。空格容易把句子当成fact的同位语从句而误选B. 5.Whodoyouthink_______usatalkthisafternoon? A.togiveB.gaveC.willgiveD.giving【解析】选C。youthink是一个插入语,将其去掉。正确答案:C.知识梳理插入语★★★★★5
陈老师辅导系列之语法突破!第二十四章——插入语在日常交际用语和书面表达中,插入语频频出现。英语中的插入语(Parenthesis)是插在句子中的一个词,短语或从句,通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开,它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系,因此,有的语法学家将其归为独立成分。插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释,说明或总结;有时表示说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调的作用;有时是为了引起对方的注意;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下,使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。********************************************************************************************一、插入语的类型:英语句子中(尤其在口语中)常插入一些单词、短语或者句子,用来补充某些含义。插入语包括单词,短语和句子。(一)形容词或形容词短语作插入语这类形容词或者短语常见的有:worststill(更糟糕的是),sureenough(果然),strange,mostimportantofall,true真的,funny真可笑,strangetosay说也奇怪,needlesstosay不用说等。如:Strange,thereisnobodyintheclassroom.很奇怪,教室里没人。True,itwouldbetoobad.真的,太糟了。Mostimportantofall,youeachoverfulfilledyourowntask.更为重要的,你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。Wonderful,wehavewonagain. 太好了,我们又赢了。 Strangetosay,hehasn’tgotmyletteruptonow. 说来也奇怪,他到现在还没有收到我的信。(二)副词或副词短语作插入语这类副词常见的有:personally,honestly,fortunately,forus,though,besides,exactly,surely,stillotherwise,first;second;especially;surprisingly,indeed的确,however然而,obviously显然,frankly坦率地说,naturally自然,luckily(或happily)forsb.算某人幸运,strangely奇怪,briefly简单地说等。如:Luckilyforyou,Ihappentohavethekey.你很运气,我正好带了钥匙。Whenhegottothere,hefound,however,thattheweatherwastoobad. 可是到了那儿之后他发现,那儿的天气太坏了。 Otherwise,hewouldstillbeathome. 不然的话,他还会在家的。 Surely,shewontgotoChinaTelecomwithyou.当然她不会和你一起去中国电信。Strangely,hehasnotbeentoChinaUnicom.Stillmorestrangely,hehasnotcalledme.奇怪,他未来过中国联通。更奇怪,他没给我打电话。Fortunately,IfoundthebookthatIhadlost.幸亏我找到了已丢失的那本书。(三)介词短语作插入语这类介词短语常见的有:ofcourse,inshort,asamatteroffact,bytheway,ontheotherhand,inmyopinion,inconclusion,infact;inaddition;inaword;inotherwords;inone"sopinion;inthatcase;asarule(通常);toone"ssurprise;onthecontrary(相反);inaway(在某点上、在某种程度上);foronething;foranother(thing),inafewwords(或insum,inshort)简而言之,inasense在某种意义上,ingeneral一般说来,inmyview在我看来,insummary概括地说,inthefirstplace首先,toourknowledge据我们所知,tomyjoy(delight,satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的,toherregret(disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的,forinstance(或example)例如,asamatteroffact事实上等。如:Inshort,weshouldnotstophalfway.简言之,我们不能半途而废。Asaresult,theysufferedheavylosses.结果,他们受到了严重损失。Onthecontrary,weshouldstrengthenourtieswiththem.相反,我们还应加强和他们的联系。Ofcourse,hedidnotsucceedforthelackofexperience.当然,他由于缺乏经验而未成功。(四)现在分词短语作插入语5
陈老师辅导系列之语法突破!第二十四章——插入语这类分词短语常见的有:generallyspeaking,judgingfrom/by…,franklyspeaking;talkingof(谈到);considering(考虑到,因为是);puttingitmildly(说得客气一点), strictlyspeaking严格地说,等。如:Consideringhisage,hedidverywell.从年龄考虑,他干得挺不错。Franklyspeaking,Idon’tlikethejob.坦率地说,我不喜欢这份工作。Talkingofsinging,willyougototheconcertwithmetonight?说到唱歌,你今晚愿意和我一块去音乐会吗?Generallyspeaking,theweatherthereisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer. 一般来说,那儿的气候冬天不太冷,夏天不太热。 Judgingbyhisclothes,hemaybeanartist. 从衣着来判断,他可能是个艺术家。(五)动词不定式作插入语这类不定式常见的有:tobesure,tobefrank(坦率地说),totellyouthetruth(说实话),sotospeak(可以说),tobeshort(简单地);tobeginwith(首先);tobesure(自然、当然、果然);tobehonest/frank;tomakethingsworse;tomakealongstoryshort;tospeakof(值得一提的是),tobefair公平地说,tosumup(概括地说)等。如:Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。That’sawonderfulidea,tobesure.这个主意好极了,的确。Totellyouthetruth,Iamnotveryinterestedingoingtotheshow.说实在的,我不太想去看演出。Tosumup,successresultsfromhardwork. 总而言之,成功是艰苦努力的结果。 (六)代词词组做插入语这类词常见的有:allthesame(尽管如此),alltold(总共),allinall(总的来说)等。如:Hiscrewwasreducedtotwenty-fouralltold.他的船员减少到总共二十四人。Allinall,herconditionisgreatlyimproved.总的来说,她的情况有很大好转。(七)从句做插入语这类从句常见的有:ifso/not/any,ifImaysayso,ifyoudon’tmind,asyouknow,asyousay,ifyoulike;ifyouplease;ifnecessary;ifconvenient;asithappens等。如:IfImaysayso,weknownothingaboutit.正如我所说的,我们对它一无所知。Thisman,asyouknow,isgoodfornothing.正如你所说的,这个人是个废物。(八)句子做插入语:这类句子常见的有:Isay/hear,Ithink/hope/believe,youknow/see,what’smore,I’mafraid,doyouthink/suppose,Iamsure我可以肯定地说,Iwonder我不知道,youknow你知道,yousee你明白,thatis也就是说,itseems看来是,asIseeit照我看来,whatisimportant(serious)重要(严重)的是,itissaid据说等等。如:It’sagreatmistake,Ithink,nottoaccepttheirproposal.我看,不接受他们的建议是个大错误。Thetempledisappeared,noonerememberswhen.谁也不记得什么时候这座庙就没有了。Theoldman,itissaid,wasanartistbutpeoplehardlyknowanythingaboutthissideofhislife.据说,这位老人曾是个艺术家,可是人们对他这方面的生活几乎一无所知。Ibelieve,Chinawillcatchupwiththedevelopedcountriessoonerorlater. 我确信,中国迟早会赶上发达国家。 Hecan’tpasstheexam,becausehedoesn’tstudyhard.What’smore,heisn’tsoclever. 他不能通过这次考试,因为他学习不认真,更何况他又不太聪明。(九)用标点符号引导插入语Hewas-tomeatleast,ifnottoyou-afigurethatwasworthhavingpityon.至少我觉得如此,即使你不这样认为,他是一个值得同情的人。二、插入语的位置5
陈老师辅导系列之语法突破!第二十四章——插入语插入语的位置,可放在句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或分号隔开。例如:Besides,Ienjoylearningaboutnewthingsfrompoliticstosportsandmusic.Heknowsthreeforeignlanguages,namely,English,JapaneseandSpanish.但是有些词或短语可插在句子中,不用逗号隔开。例如:Whatonearthareyoudoinghere?三、插入语在句中的作用一般来说,插入语在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入语抽去,句子的含义不大受影响。但是,有的插入语却是句子不可缺少的一部分。e.g.Hegotthenewsfromnobodyknowswhere.他这消息谁也不知道是从哪儿得来的。四、表示疑问的插入语结构下面这种复杂的特殊疑问句,也可认为包含有"插入语"。这种疑问句常用来征询对方对某一疑问点的看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求对方重复一遍说过的话。口语中出现频率极高。常用动词有say,suppose,guess,believe,consider,think,imagine等。例如:Howlongdidyousayshewouldstayhere?Whendoyousupposethey"llbeback?Howolddidyouthinkshewas?它一般为倒装语序且无任何标点符号,而且整个疑问句应当保持陈述语序。例如:(1)WhatshouldIdofirst? WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddofirst?(被插入的疑问句原来为倒装语序,插入后成为陈述语序)(2)Whoissinging? Whodoyouthinkissinging?(被插入的疑问句原来就是陈述语序,不需要做调整)********************************************************************************************◆插入语巩固训练◆5陈老师辅导系列之语法突破!第二十四章——插入语1.Itisalwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,________ifyoudon"tspeakthelanguage.(NMET2000)A.extremelyB.naturally C.basicallyD.especially2.________besenttoworkthere?(上海2002)A.Whodoyousuggest B.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.Doyousuggestwhoshould D.Doyousuggestwhomshould3.Twomiddle-agedpassengersfellintothesea,________,neitherofthemcouldswim.A.infactB.luckilyC.unfortunatelyD.naturally 4.Neverwasteanything,and________,neverwastetime.A.afterallB.atallC.inallD.aboveall5.Hisfathercamehomeatmidnight,and________,hewasdrunk.A.asaresultB.thatistosay C.what"smoreD.soonerorlater6.MysisterspeaksEnglish_____,ifnotbetterthan,mybrother.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas7_____,youhavegivenmealotofhelp.ATellthetruthB.TotellthetruthC.TellingtrueD.Tellingtruth8.___hisface,theyoungmanmustbeover20.A.JudgedfromB.JudgedC.JudgingfromD.Judging9.Idon’tpickingupyourthingfromthestore,____,thewalkwilldomegood.A.soonerorlaterB.stillC.intimeD.besides10.Whathesaid,____,hasnothingtodowithwhathedid.A.tomysurpriseB.tomysurprisedC.tomysurprisingD.tooursurprisesKEY:DACDCBBCDA5
陈老师辅导系列之语法突破!第二十四章——插入语********************************************************************************************◆插入拔高练习◆1.Mr.Anderson,______Ithoughtdiedthreeyearsago,isstillliving. A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which 2.Johnplaysfootball_______,ifnotbebetterthanDavid. A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas 3.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_______acrosstheroadwhenthecarhithim. A.wastowalkB.hadbeenwalkingC.walkedD.waswalking 4.TherepairworkofAngkorWatt_______wouldlastatleasttenyearswascompletedwithineightyears.A.whichpeoplesupposedB.whichpeoplesupposeditC.whichpeoplesupposedthatisD.peoplesupposedthat 5.Heworkedlatelastnight,______,earlythismorning. A.thatisB.evenworseC.orratherD.namely 6.Hemusthavebelieved,Ithink,______Iamalazyboy. A.thatB./C.whichD.what 7._____weallknow,hewasafamouswriter. A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD./ 8._____fromthenumberofthecars,hethought,thereweren"tmanypeopleattherestaurantyet. A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Beingjudged 9.What______hadtobefinishedbeforeFriday? A.theysayB.theysaidC.didtheysayD.dotheysay 10.Hecamehomeaftermidnight,and________,hewasdrunk. A.evenmoreB.verymuchC.what"sworseD.somuch 11.Mrs.Pattigaveusanotherwonderfultalk,_______ofgreatimportancetoourEnglishstudy. A.IthinkwhichisB.IthinkitisC.whichIthinkisD.whichIthinkit 12.PaularefusedtheinvitationtoDavid"spartythenextweek,_________ofcoursemadehimpuzzled. A.whatB.whereC.whenD.which 13._____,heoftenforgottoturnoffthelights. A.EvenbetterB.StrangeC.HoweverD.Fortunately 14.Greenland,_____islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers. A.itisthelargestB.thatisthelargestC.isthelargestD.thelargest 15.Anawfulaccident_____,however,occurtheotherday. A.doesB.didC.hastoD.hadto 16.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she____somethingshewouldregretlater. A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid 17.Borishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas____IQ. A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighest 18.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim. A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which 19._____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation. A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven 20._____,successresultsfromhardwork. A.WorsestillB.SureenoughC.TosumupD.What’sworseKey: 1.A2.B3.D4.A5.C6.A7.B8.A9.C10.C11.C12.D13.B14.D15.B16.D17.B18.D19.A20.C 5