【教师原创】2014年高考英语语法备考 被动语态 课件 29页

被动语态 被动语态的基本用法：当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。 何时用被动语态1.不知道动作的执行者是谁Mycupwasbrokenthismorning.2.没必要知道动作的执行者是谁ThiskindofglassismadeinChina.3.强调动作的执行者是谁YourcupwasbrokenbyLiHua.三、由主动变被动的方法s.(主格）+v.+o.（宾格）→o.（主格）+be+p.p.+{by+s.(宾格)} Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.改为被动语态 1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时的被动语态构成是：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词变为被动语态 1)TheyplayfootballonSunday.2)Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.3)Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.4)WemakethesemachinesinBeilun.5)PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.答案：1)FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.2)ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.3)Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.4)ThesemachinesaremadeinBeilun.5)EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinUK. Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(受动者)Thelittlebabywaslookedafterbyhimyesterday. 2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时的被动语态构成是：S+was/were+过去分词 将下列句子改成被动语态：1)Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.2)Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.3)Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.4)Theyusedthisroomforresting.5)Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.答案：1）Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.2）Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofyesterday.3）Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.4）Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.5）Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago. Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow. 3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时的被动语态构成是：S+will+be+过去分词 将下列句子改为被动语态：1).Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.2).Childrenwilltakesomephotostheretomorrow.3).Theheadmasterwillgiveatalksoon.4).Theywillgrowdifferentkindsofvegetables.5).UncleWangwillmendtheTVsettomorrow.答案：1)Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.2)Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrentheretomorrow.3)Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmastersoon.4)Differentkindsofvegetableswillbegrownbythem.5)TheTVsetwillbemendedbyUncleWangtomorrow. 4．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词被动语态的构成是：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词 变主动语态为被动语态：1)Hecantakecareofthebaby.2)Lucymaydrawthepictures.3)Youmustturnoffthelights.4)TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.5)Jimcoulddoityesterday.答案：1)Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.2)ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.3)Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.4)Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.5)ItcouldbedonebyJimyesterday. 下列时态的被动语态构成1.Lucyiswateringthetrees.2.Theboywasmendinghisbike.3.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.答案：1.ThetreesarebeingwateredbyLucy.2.Hisbikewasbeingmendedbytheboy.3.Ourcompositionshavebeenfinished.看一看想一想 Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时被动语态的构成是：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词 Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时被动语态构成是：S+was/were+being+过去分词 Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时被动语态构成是：S+have/has+been+过去分词 各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去完成时：S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+being+doneS+hadbeen+done 主动变被动：1)Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.2)Heboughtthebookyesterday.Thebookwasboughtyesterday.3)Theyarebuildingabridgeoverthere.Abuildingisbeingbuiltoverthere.4)Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Myhomeworkhasbeenfinished.5)Jackwilltranslatethenovel.Thenovelwillbetranslated.7)Youcanwashyourclothesnextweek.Yourclothescanbewashednextweek. 被动语态中的特殊情况:1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。1)Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.2)Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool. 2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”1)Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.2)Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.3)Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来.（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice…) 3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见加to的动词有give，send,teach,write,show,pass,ask,tell…常见加for的动词有make,draw,buy,sing,fetch/get…1)Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被动1Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.被动2Aflowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday.2)Heboughtmeacomputer.被动1Iwasboughtacomputerbyhim.被动2Acomputerwasboughtformebyhim. 练习：将下列句子变为被动句:1.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.2.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.3.Wetookcareofthethings.4.Theygaveussomework.5.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.6.Mymotherbuysmeabike.答案:1.Hisfatherislistenedtocarefully.2.Thebabyislookedafterbythemotherintheroom3.Thethingsweretakencareofbyus.4.Weweregivensomework.Someworkwasgiventous.5.Theyweremadetolaughallthetime.6.Iamboughtabike.Abikeisboughtforme. 1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.EXERCISESareusedarecleaned变被动语态(划线部分） 练习：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.3.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.4.TheyproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou. 5.TheywritebusinesslettersinEnglish.6.TheygrowriceinSouthChina.7.TheyplantmanytreesinNorthChina.8.LuXunwrotethisbook.9.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.10.Wecanusetheboxasatable.11.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday 12.Haveyouboughtacar?13.Heisgoingtoseethefilm.14.Theyweren’tstudyingEnglishthistimeyesterday.15.Ihadremembered200wordsbylastweek. 答案：1.Englishisspoken(bymanypeople).2.ComputersweremadeintheU.S.A.3.Metalwasusedformakingmachines.4.SilkisproducedinSuzhouandHangzhou.5.BusinesslettersarewritteninEnglish.6.RiceisgrowninSouthChina.7.ManytreesareplantedinNorthChina.8.ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.9.Somebridgeswerebuiltbytheworkers.10.Theboxcanbeusedasatable.11.Theclassroomshouldbecleanedeveryday.12.Hasacarbeenboughtbyyou?13.Thefilmisgoingtobeseenbyhim.14.Englishwasn’tbeingstudiedthistimeyesterday.15.200wordshadbeenrememberedbymebylastweek.