高中英语语法总结大全之动词的语态 4页

高考资源网（www.ks5u.com），您身边的高考专家高中英语语法总结大全之动词的语态动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发高考资源网出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。1）若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watchTheteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.2）情态动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mlet的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to的不定式。Theyletthestrangego.--->Thestrangewasletgo.2）若let后宾补较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit代替。Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.---->Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m表示"据说"或"相信"的词组believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand4欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。www.ks5u.com 高考资源网（www.ks5u.com），您身边的高考专家Itissaidthat…据说Itisreportedthat…据报道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家认为Itissuggestedthat…据建议Itistakengrantedthat…被视为当然Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m不用被动语态的情况1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat.(对)Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：4欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。www.ks5u.com 高考资源网（www.ks5u.com），您身边的高考专家fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.3)系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。(对)Shelikestoswim.(错)Toswimislikedbyher.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m主动形式表示被动意义1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…Thebooksellswell.这本书销路好。Thisknifecutseasily.这刀子很好用。2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,buildIwastoblamefortheaccident.Muchworkremains.3)在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.Thisroomneedscleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。4)特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，havesth.done(4欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。www.ks5u.com 高考资源网（www.ks5u.com），您身边的高考专家要某人做某事)。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m被动形式表示主动意义bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarriesHeisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.都可。Hemarriedarichgirl.Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mneed/want/require/worth注意：当need,want,require,worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要冲洗。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。典型例题Thelibraryneeds___,butit"llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned答案A.need(实意)+n/todo，need(情态)+do，当为被动语态时，还可need+doing.本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有tobeclean则也为正确答案。典：done，"不可能已经"。mustnotdo不可以（用于一般现在时)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m4欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。www.ks5u.com