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初一英语语法突破电子教材主讲:王森欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材Unit1名词英语的十大词类词类英语名称作用例词名词Noun(n.)表示人或事物的名称pencake形容词Adjective(a.)表示人或事物的特征badsmall副词Adverb(ad.)修饰动词、形容词或其它副词veryquickly动词Verbs表示动作或状态studybe代词Pronouns(pron.)代替名词、数词等theyone数词Numerals(num.)表示数量或顺序fiveten冠词Articles(art.)限制名词的意义aanthe介词Prepositions(prep.)表示名词、代词和其它词的关系inforof连词Conjunction(conj.)连结词与词或句与句andbecause感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示说话时的感情或口气ohhey例句:Iloveyou我爱你Sheisalovelygirl.?Milk:Iliketodrinkmilk(名词)我喜欢喝牛奶那么再看下一句:Sheismilkingthecow(动词)她正在……?Ilikeahotmilkydrinkatbedtime.Thatcowisagoodmilker.那头母牛…….?那头母牛产奶量很高名词分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如:Tom,theGreatWall,theSpringFestival,France,theUnitedStates)普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数。
可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体。如:boy,desk,cat,window)和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family,class,police)。不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物。如:water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如:work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework)动词的一种变化形式,比如说reading,writingrunning等等这些词都是没有复数的阿,同学们要牢记名词的种类专有名词 国名、地点、人名等America美国,Shanghai上海,theGreatWall长城,Jenney(珍妮)团体、机构的名称等theUnitedNations联合国,theCommunistPartyofChina中国共产党普通名词可数名词个体名词doctor医生,teacher老师,orange桔子,desk课桌集合名词Police警察,people人民,family家庭,army军队class同学不可数名词抽象名词Time时间fun玩笑,kindness善意,idea主意,youth青春,love爱,knowledge知识动名词studyingdoingswimming物质名词rice大米,water水,fire火,air空气1.therearebythelakea.twoGermanb.twoGermenc.twoGermansd.twogermans2.September10thisa.Teacher’sDayb.Teachers’Dayc.teacher’sDayd.Teacher’sday3.Whereareyoufrom?——I’mfroma.Americab.Americanc.americad.anAmerica4.Thereissomeontheplatea.breadsb.breadc.breadesd.milk5.Tablesaremadeofa.woodb.somewoodsc.woodend.woods表格:一般名词复数构成法构成法例词一般情况下,在名词单数形式的词尾加sbool-books,day-days,desk-desks以s,x,,ch,sh,结尾的名词,在词尾加esclass-classes,box-boxes,match-matches,wish-wishes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,将y变成i后加escity-cities,country-countries,factory-factories
以f或fe结尾的名词,一般将f或fe变成v后,再加esleaf-leaves,wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves,knife-knivies,half-halves,shelf-shelves以辅音字母加o结尾的名词,一般在词尾加eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes1.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。例:friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces比如:Ihavemanyfriendsinmychildhood2.凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化:统一加读[iz]。例:bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashesTherearemanybusesinthestreet3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。读音变化:加读[z]。city—citiescountry—countriesfactory--factories4.去f,fe加ves,如:half—halves knife—knives leaf—leaves wolf—wolves wife—wives life—lives thief—thieves;5.以o结尾的名词,变复数时: 加es,如:potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoeshero-heroesnegro-negroes1.turngreeninspringa.leafb.leavec,leavesd,leafs2.areveryusefultopupilsa.radiob.radiosc.radioesd.aradio它们是:photo—photos piano—pianosradio—radios zoo—zoos; c.均可,如:zero—zeros/zeroes以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:Marys theHenrys(亨利的一家人) monkey—monkeys holiday—holidays比较:层楼:storey—storeys story—stories以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时的一般情况的单词: 加s,如belief—beliefs roof—roofs safe—safes gulf—gulfs; c.均可,如:handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves 好,同学们接下来我们讲一下名词复数的不规则变化大家先看一下这个表格(不可数名词复数的表格)某些名词的不规则复数形式构成法构成法例词变内部元音book-books,day-days,desk-desks词尾加(r)enclass-classes,box-boxes,match-matches,wish-wishes
单复数同形city-cities,country-countries,factory-factories有些名词用于某一些含义时通常只有复数形式leaf-leaves,wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves,knife-knives,half-halves,shelf-shelves有些名词是单数形式,但一般作复数对待hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes1.变内部元音的单词:常见的主要有man—men woman—womenfoot—feet mouse—mice tooth—teeth 注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women.Theareoperatinghimonhislega.womandoctorb.womendoctorc.womandoctorsd.womendoctors2.词尾加ren的复数形式child—children 3.单复数同形的名词,deer,sheep,fish,work,Chinese,JapaneseThefarmerhastena.sheepsb.deersc.cowsd.chicken 3)集合名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如:people、police、cattle等本身就是复数,想说一个人,一个警察,一头牛,不能说apeopleapoliceacattle但可以说:aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,Almosteveryfamilyinthevillageatelevision.a.haveb.havingc.hasd.havetoAllmyfamilyswimming我全家都喜欢游泳a.likeb,likesc.likeingd.liketo4复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:good—goods货物,water—waters水域,sweet—sweets(糖果)等,比如electricalgoods电器商品.agoodstrain铁路货车等等。TheEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:TheChineseareindustriesandbrave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans.li,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b.news是不可数名词。 c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。 TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 “TheArabianNights”isaveryinterestingstory-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses(眼镜)、trousers
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers 一、名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人 两个人 中国人 theChinese aChinese twoChinese瑞士人 theSwiss aSwiss twoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustralians aAustralian twoAustralians 俄国人 theRussians aRussian twoRussians意大利人 theItalians anItalian twoItalians希腊人 theGreek aGreek twoGreeks法国人 theFrench aFrenchman twoFrenchmen日本人 theJapanese aJapanese twoJapanese美国人 theAmericans anAmerican twoAmericans印度人 theIndians anIndian twoIndians加拿大人 theCanadians aCanadian twoCanadians德国人 theGermans aGermans twoGermans英国人 theEnglish anEnglishman twoEnglishmen瑞典人 theSwedish aSwede twoSwedes 表格(复合词复数)复合名词变复数时有三种情况通常只将里面所包含的主体名词变成复数passer-by—passers-by(过路人),looker-on—lookers(旁观者);brother-in-law—brothers-in-law(姐夫)无主体名词者,在最后一个词上加复数词尾grown-up—grown-ups(成年人)由man或woman加一个其他名词构成的复合名词时,两个都变复数womandoctor-womendoctors(女医生);manservant-menservants(男服务员)Apieceofpaper------twopiecesofpaper两张纸Aglassoforangejuice----twoglassesoforangejuice两杯橙汁1.lucyhasmuchandmany.a.mutton;pearb.muttons;pearsc.mutton;pearsd.pear;muttons2.I’dlikea.threeglassesofwaterb.threeglassofwatersc.threeglassofwaterd.threeglassesofwaters1.单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s构成所有格,主要用于有生命的东西。比如说themonkey’stailtheboy’stoytheChildren’sDAY比如:tenminutes’walkBeijing’smap等等,都是可以的阿。比如:forfriendship’ssake(为了友情),atone’sfinger’stip(手头上有),等等
2.名词+of+名词比如说:Thegateofthefactory,工厂的大门thewindowoftheroom,房间的窗子。例如:ThewomandressedinblueisMaryandAlice’smother.那个穿蓝衣服的妇女是玛丽和爱丽丝的母亲。ThewomendressedinblueandMary‘sandAlice’smothers对比一下这两句话是什么意思呢3.双重所有格所谓“双重所有格(doublegenitive)”,是指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格,即“of+名词所有格”。双重所有格有这样一个特征:“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。因此,我们可以说:aplayofShakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧),afriendofmywife’s(我妻子的一个朋友),但却不能说afunneloftheship’s或alegofatable’s,而且该名词必须是特指的,不能是泛指的。比如我们可以说,afriendofthedoctor’s(这位医生的一个朋友),anovelofthewriter’s(那位作者的一部小说),而不能说afriendofadoctor’s或anovelofawriter’s。好的,同学们接下来我们做一下题来练习一下:17.wouldyoupleaseshowmethewaytothe_______shop?A.shoe’sB.shoes’C.shoeD.shoes18.whoseroomisthis?It’s_______A.Tom’sandJohn’sB.TomandJohn’sC.Tom’sandJohnD.TomandJohn19.Mr.smithis_______A.Myfather’safriendB.amyfather’sfriendC.afriendofmyfatherD.onefriendmyfather20.Itis______fromthemuseum.A.fiveminute’swalkB.fiveminutes’walkC.ahours’walkD.fivehour’swalk
Unit2代词代替名词,形容词或数词等的词我们就称之为代词。我们代词呢从大体上分为这么几大类:: 1)人称代词 5)疑问代词 2)物主代词 6)连接代词 3)指示代词 7)关系代词 4)反身代词 8)不定代词9)复合代词同学们先看一下这个表格(表格)代词人称代词(主格)I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they(宾格)me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代词(形容词性)my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their(名词性)mine,yours,his,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselvesthis,that,these,those
指示代词疑问代词what,who,whom,whose,which不定代词some,any,many,much,little,few,both,all,every,each,no,either,other,others,someone,anything,nothing复合代词something,somebody,anything,nobodythisthat,those,these指示代词在句中作主语,宾语,表语,等等比如Thatisaredcar.那是一辆红色汽车。Whichdoyoulike?Ilikethis.,你喜欢哪一个?我喜欢这个疑问代词:表示“谁(who),谁(whom),谁的(whose),什么(what),哪个或哪些(which)”等词叫疑问代词。疑问代词的用法:疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,疑问代词一般放在句子的最前面。例子:Whoisthatinbluedress?穿着蓝色裙子的那个人是谁?Whomareyoulookingfor?你在找谁。。 all,any,another,both,each,every,either,every,few,little,many,much,no,none,either,one,other,some以及由some,any,no,every和body,one,thing构成的复合词。比如说That"sallIknow. 这就是我知道的。someany的主要用法 Doyouhaveanybooks?你有书吗?Ihavesomebooks。Youcancomeatanytime.你什么时候都可以来。sometimessometimesometime?这几个词是什么意思呢??doyouwantsomecoffee?喝点咖啡吗?或wouldyoupleasegivemesomebread?some,any,no,every和body,one,thing构成的复合词。(表格)介词一章的第六个表格复合代词 thingbodyonewhereeveryeverythingeverybodyeveryoneeverywheresomesomethingsomebodysomeonesomewhereanyanythinganybodyanyoneanywherenonothingnobodynonenowhere练习:5.Themathsproblem______iswrong.A.himselfB.ourselvesC.itselfD.herself
6.“Who‘sthatatthedoor?”“_____isJohn.”A.itB.heC.thisD.she4.Won’tyouhave_____tea?A.anyB.aC.someD.every5.Herearetreeson____sidesofroad.A.bothB.eitherC.eachD.every16.___ofuswouldagreewithyou.A.SomeoneB.NooneC.NobodyD.None19.____isknockingatthedoor.A.OneB.SomeoneC.AnyoneD.Something17.Don"teat____food.A.toomanyB.toomuchC.muchtooD.manytoo18._____ofthemisontheteam.A.neitherB.nobodyC.bothD.all人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit可以作主语,举个例子:IlikeEnglishverymuch比如:ItwashewhowenttoBeijinglastyear.去年去过北京的就是他大家可以记忆一下阿这些人称的宾格形式:比如Icanhelpyou.比如whoisit?,it’sme! 第一人称单数代词"I(我)"不论在什么地方都要大写。比如:这个句子 例:IstudyEnglisheveryday.我天天学习英语。 2.当第一人称与第二,第三人称同时用在句子中的时候,请大家注意一个常识要点: 人称代词的排列顺序英语中,当说话者(I或we)提到自己和别人时,习惯上常把自己摆在最后一个位置,以表示谦虚和礼貌。例如:You,sheandIpassedtheexam.我、你和她都通过了考试。
在承认错误或自我批评时,说话者有时也把自己居于其他人称之前:Iandhearetoblame.我和他都要受批评。YouandI是固定结构,即使在承认错误时,词序也不变化。例如: YouandIaretoblame.我和你都要受批评。we,they的特殊用法we,they有时并非指特定的人,翻译时不必译出来。例如: Wehaveaheavysnowtoday.昨天下了一场大雪。 TheyspeakEnglishinAmerica.在中国,人们说汉语。 she的特殊用法 she除了指女性外,还可以用来指月亮、大地、船只等自然界的东西。例如: Themoonisshiningbrightlytonight.Shelookslikeacake.今晚的月光很亮,她好像个月饼。"she"常常代替国家,城市,宠物等,表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。 IliveinChina。Sheisagreatcountry. 我住在中国。她是一个伟大的国家。 it的特殊用法 ①it表示人以外的单数东西或动物,意为“它”。例如: —Where"smypencil-box?我的铅笔呢? —It"soverthere.它在那儿。 ②指代天气 —What"stheweatherliketoday?今天天气如何? —It"srainy.有雨。 ③指代时间 —Whattimeisit?几点了? —It"sseveno"clock.七点了。 ④指代距离 —Howfarisitfromhere?离这儿多远? ⑤作形式主语 It"sgoodtotakesomeexercise.多锻炼有好处。 ⑥作形式宾语 IfounditveryeasytospeakEnglish.我发现讲英语很容易。⑦"it"有时也可指人。 Whoisit? It"sme.Openthedoor,please. 是我,请开门。反身代词:数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself,复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词在句中的作用1.作主语的同位语。例:Hehimselfwrotethewordsandmusicofthesongs.他自己作词谱曲。
2.作动词的宾语。例:IteachmyselfEnglish.我教我自己英语3.作表语例:Thatpoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我。练习题:1.Ilookat____inthemirror.A.meB.myselfC.mineD.myown2.______booksareonthedesk.A.IB.HisC.MineD.Hers3.Themoonishighupinthesky.Howbeautiful____is!A.weB.IC.sheD.they这一节我们讲解物主代词及其用法,看这个表格:物主代词类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词具有形容词性,在句子中:1.不能做主语:2.作定语修饰名词:举例Ilovemyparents. 我爱我的父母。 Isthisyourpen?这是你的汽车吗? Someoneiswaitingforyou,hisnameisXiaoming.有人在等你,他的名字是小明。注意:只有形容词性的物主代词与名词连用的时候才可以做句子中的主语成分,但他还是定语成分,修饰这个名词名词性的物主代词可用作主语,宾语,表语以及与"of"连接的定语。Mybikeisred,andyoursisgreen.我的自行车是红色,你的是绿色Thatcarismine,notyours. 那辆汽车是我的,不是你的。Thesebooksareours.这些书是我们的。Whosebagisit?It"shers.这是谁的书包?是她的。His的用法:名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词同型。注意这个形式,注意在句子中的用法,根据句意进行选择看题:1.Classroomisonthefirstfloor,andisonthesecondfloor.a.yoursoursb.youroursc.yoursourd.youwe
2.Thisiscup.isoverthere.A.hersyourB.myyoursC.hisID.heryou3.HewasafriendofA.IB.ourC.mineD.my4.Idon’tlikeA.histhosefriendsB.thosehisfriendsC.thosefriendsofhimD.thosefriendsofhis疑问代词及在句中的成分:疑问代词who谁、主格,问身份做主语、表语whom谁,宾格做宾语whose谁的,所有格做主语、宾语、表语、定语what什么,问物或职业同whosewhich哪个,有“选择”之意,单复数同whoseWhosewhat主语,宾语,表语,定语疑问代词在句中的作用:who:例:whotoldyouthatnews?谁告诉你那个消息?(做主语)whoisthat?那时谁?(作表语)whom:例:whom(who)didyouseeinthepark?你在公园里见了谁?(作宾语)例:whoseisbetter?谁的好一些?(作主语)whoseisit?这是谁的?(作表语)what:例:what"syourfather?你父亲是干什么的?(作表语)whathappenednext?接下来发生了什么事情?(作主语)whatdoyoumean?你是什么意思?(作宾语)
whattimeshallwemeetagain?我们几时再碰头?(作定语)Unit3数词一.先看表格基数词one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,teneleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen等twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,eighty,ninety,onehundred,twohundred等序数词first,second,third,fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth等eleventh,twelfth,twentieth,twenty-firstthirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth等二.基数词的讲解1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,13—thirteen15—fifteen18—eighteen。3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,20—twenty30—thirty40—forty50—fifty80—eighty。4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148—onehundredandforty-eight4—fourhundredandsix。(108怎么说)6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600—sixhundred,8百万—eightmillion。hundred,thousand,million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of+复数名词”,如:数以百计的年轻人hundredsofyoungpeople;数以千计的书thousandsofbooks。注意:hundredsof/thousandsof/millionsof+复数名词,其前面不能加具体的数词,但可加several或many。7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。如:2,510=twothousandfivehundredandten;84,296=eight-fourthousandtwohundred
andninety-six;274,350=twohundredandseventy-fourthousandthreehundredandfifty。翻译成英文的时候,十亿,百万,千之间直接连接,不用and,只有百和十位或个位之间用and,举例:12345679.基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的女孩afive-year-oldgirl.女子800米接力girls"800-metrerelayrace。连词时,后面的名词无复数变化句型:TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong.无连字符时,注意序数词的讲解:口诀:“1,2,3”特殊记,加th从4起,8少t,9少e,千万别忘记,逢5逢12,ve变t;20道90,y要变ie;若是几十几,前基后序别忘记。1.Thereare_____inourschool.A.afivehundredstudentsB.fivehundredsstudentsC.fivehundredstudentsD.afivehundredsstudents2.Nineteenissmallerthan_______.A.eighteenB.fortyC.elevenD.twelve3.What’seightplustwo?It’s______A.twelveB.elevenC.sixD.ten4..What’stwelveminusnine?It’s_______A.thereB.twenty-oneC.fifteenD.eleven5.Inanhourthereare______minutes.A.therehundredandsixtyB.twenty-fourC.sixtyD.therehundredsandsixty8.Theboyis_______.A.theyearssixB.sixyearoldC.sixthyearsD.sixyearsold数词的应用:时间的数字表达法:1.⑴几点钟,用基数词来表示:如:7点钟—it’sseveno’clock..以此类推。⑵表达非整点时间时,需要注意的事项:用到topast。to表示的是“差,不到”Past表示的是“过,多于”。例子:7点过一刻:fifteenpastseven,还有一种表达方式:Aquarterpastseven.差10分7点钟:tenminutstoseven⑶to和past应用时的注意事项:to前的时间要小于30分钟,past前的时间小于、等于30分钟。那么整半点的时候用half.提问:7点20分??7点半??7点45分?2.另外一种表达法:与汉语相同表示法:如八点一刻:ateightfifteen六点四十五分:atsixforty-five3.half的用法:表示时间时,半个小时:halfanhour,一个半小时:两种说法:onehourandahalf;oneandahalfhours.Half的其它用法:半公斤:halfakilo半天:ahalfday总结以下half的用法:halfa(an)+名词;ahalf+名词表示一半年份的数字表达:1.单独使用年份时:用基数词来表达:如1897:eighteenninety-seven.1998—nineteenninety-eight读法:个位和十位都是零时:读成hundred:1900:theyearnineteenhundred.十位是零:读作o:1908—theyearnineteenoeight
2008:读作:theyeartwothousandeight1.月日年共同使用时:年依然用基数词,日用序数词1998年10月1日—Octoberthefirst,nineteenninety-eight.书写:October1(st)1998,还可写成:1(st)October1998—读法在月日这里与上一个相互调换一下即可;英国人和美国人的写法不同,英国人习惯将日期放在前面,美国人则习惯将月份放在前。3.公元前和公元的表示法:公元前225年—twotwenty-fiveB.C.(beforeChrist)公元1949—nineteenforty-nineA.D.(annodomini)4.与介词之间的用法:有具体日子用—on,无日子,只有月、年或只有月,只有年—in例子:在1997年7月1日—onJulythefirst1998在90年代—inthe1990s;inthe90s1990年10月—inOctober1990口诀:无日添上in,有日就用on,年代以十计,s加上去,前加介词in,别的不再需。例题1.It’s6:40p.m..Yes,it’sa.eighteenfortyb.sixfortyc.sixpastfortyd.fortypastsix9.XiaoLiwasbornin1975.Here“1975”readsinEnglish_______A.one,nine,seven,fiveB.nineteenandsevenfiveC.nineteenseventy-fiveD.nineteenandseventy-five15.Inourschoollibrarythereare_____books.A.thousandandthousandofB.thousandsandthousandsofC.thousandsandthousandofD.thousandandthousandsof能力测试:6.Myunclewasborn______A.innineteenfifty-eightJulysixteenthB.innineteenfifty-eightsixteenJulyC.onsixteenthJulynineteenfifty-eightD.onJulysixteenthnineteenfifty-eight10.Thetableis_______wide.A.threeandonehalffeetB.threeandonehalffootC.threeandhalfafootD.threeandahalffeet11.It’s21:00.Yes,it’snine_____A.intheeveningB.clocksC.inthemorningD.hours13.MyfatherbegantolearnEnglish______A.overfiftyB.inhisfiftiesC.inhisfifthD.inhisfiftieth18.Tomgoestoschoollearn______thisterm.A.tenpastsevenB.tensevenC.roomfirstD.theoneroom分数的表达法:1.分数的组成形式:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。如:1/3—onethird3/4—threefourths4/5fourfifths2.注意事项:a.分子大于1时,分母需用复数形式。b.带分数时:先读整数部分再读分数部分。如:2—2/3—twoandtwothirdsc.带分数与名词连用时:名词在带分数之后的,名词要用复数形式
名词在带分数的整数与分数之间时,视整数的大小来变化名词的形式例:1-1/2tones—oneandahalftones;onetoneandahalf2-1/3kilometers—twoandathirdkilometers;twokilometersandathird小数的表达法1.小数的表达及读法:0.1—zeropointone;0.02—zeropointzerotwo2.5—twopointfive,等,小数均用基数词来表示,小数点读作point.小数点前的数字按照基数词的组成方式来读,小数点后面的数字不论有多少均按个位数来读。如:154.163—onehundredandfifty-fourpointonesixthree.2.用法。小数与名词连用时:如果小数点前是零,则名词不加复数;如果小数点前是大于等于1的,则名词应用复数。不包括小数点后为零。百分数的表达法:1.百分数用percent来表示。如:5%—fivepercent2.23.35%—twenty—threepointthreefivepercent.数词的其它用法:1.a+序数词:表示“又一”累计数量。举例:Wouldyouliketocometoshanghaiasecondtime?你想在来上海一次么?Doyouwantathirdone?你想再要一个么?2.数词语名词连用作复合定语:例:fiveyearsoldgirl;five-year–old-girl例题:数词章16.Kittyhasread_____ofthebook.A.onefiveB.onetofiveC.onefifthsD.onefifth(二)能力测试3.Wehave_____boy.A.a11-years-oldB.an11-years-oldC.a11-year-oldD.an11-year-old12.Ihavea_________A.three-years-oldgirlsB.three-years-oldgirlC.three-year-oldgirlD.three-years-old-girl20.______ofthestudentsinourschoolarefromthecity.A.Two-threeB.Two-thirdC.Two-thirdsD.second-thirdsUnit4动词基本变化形式:动词的一般变化形式:表格
动词的一般变化形式构成方法原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词一般在词尾加s、ed或ingworkstayworksstaysworkedstayedworkedstayedworkingstaying以e结尾加s,d或去e加ingusehopeusehopesusedhopedusedhopedusinghoping以辅音字母y结尾,y变i,再加es或ed或直接加ingstudystudiesstudiedstudiedstudying以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,直接加s,双写辅音字母加ed,加ingstopstopsstoppedstoppedstopping以r结尾的重读音节、重复r后再加ed或ing,直接加spreferpreferspreferredpreferredpreferring以i结尾的优势要重复i后再加ed或ing,直接加straveltravelstravelledtravelledtravelling1.一般在词尾加s、ed或ingwork-works-worked-working2.以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的动词词尾加-esteaches,washes,goes3.以e结尾加s,d或去e加ing。Hope–hopes-hoped–hoping4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词:把y变I加es,ed但直接加ing.5.以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,直接加s,双写辅音字母加ed,加ingStop-stops–stopped-stoppingprefer-prefers-preferred–preferring针对动词的原形,过去式,过去分词的形式,还有一些特殊的形式:1.A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)动词原形(现在式)过去式过去分词costcostcost花费cutcutcut割,切hithithit打letletlet让putputput放下readreadread读2.A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)beatbeatbeaten打3.A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)comecamecome来becomebecamebecome变runranrun跑4.A---B---B型(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。burnburntburnt燃烧learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt学习hearheardheard听见(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母改动一下,构成过去式或过去分词。build-built-built建筑lend-lent-lent借给loselostlost失去spendspentspent花费时态的讲解:
一般现在时表示:1.表示一直发生的事情,经常发生的动作:.DoyouspeakEnglish?Igetupat7o’clockeverymorning.ItoftenrainsinsummerinBeijing.2.表示客观事实或者真理:Birdsfly.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.3.谈论时间表、旅程表等,如:Whattimedoesthefilmbegin?Thefootballmatchstartsat7o’clock.TomorrowisTuesday.4.谈论籍贯、国籍等。,如:Wheredoyoucomefrom?Whereareyoufrom?IcomefromChina.你是哪国人?我是中国人。5.引用书籍,或别人的话时。,如:Shesaysshe’scomingtoBeijingnextweek.Shakespearssays,“Neitheraborroweroralenderbe.”总结:一般现在时是用动词的原形来表示的,当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词在原形后要加上词尾-sor–es,简称动词的单三形式现在进行时时态:现在进行时的功用1)表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作Pleasekeepsilent,I’mstudying.2)表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作,但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作TomisteachingEnglishandlearningChineseinBeijing.在说话时并不一定在发生或进行,而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的。3)表示最近的确定的安排Johniscomingtomorrow.Oh,ishe?Whattimeishearriving?At10:15.以上句子也可以用begoingto(do)的形式来表示。但是谈论已确定的安排时候,用现在进行时态显得更加自然,除非受到动词的功能的限制。在此,切不可用will,如:Maryisgettingmarriednextmonth.不能用willgetmarried.有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作,一般不用于进行时。例如,我们一般不说Iamknowing,而说Iknow.常见的这类动词有:want、like、hate、know、see、hear、believe、understand、think(相信)举例:Tounderstandistoaccept.理解就是接受Doyoulikeshanghai?IthinkIunderstandwhathewants.一般将来时表示即将发生的事,但是不一定都能实现举例:Iamgoingtoplayfootballafterclass一般过去时1.表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动,如:
Heworkedinthatbankfouryearsago.2.表示在过去的某一时间结束的行动,如:Whendidyoumeethim?Imethimyesterday.3.表示过去的习惯Healwayscarriedanumbrella.Heneverdrankwine.现在完成时现在完成时由tohave的现在时+过去分词构成:现在完成时可以说成是兼有现在与过去意义的一种复合时态。它与现在有密切联系1.表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的动作HaveyoubeentotheUnitedStates?TomhaslivedinBeiJingallhislife.2.表示过去某一状态延续到现在,说话时即为状态的结束,状态的延续如:Haven’tseenyouforalongtime.我好久没见到你了。(说话时刻已经见到了)Theroomhasn’tbeencleanedformonths.(可能说话时就要打扫它了)3.表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响。如:Thewindowhasbroken.4.和ever,never,yet,just,already等副词连用,如:Haveyouevereatencheese?Ihaveneverhadaprivatecar.Hasitstoppedrainingyet?(yet表示期待雨停止)I’vealreadysentit.(already表示比预料的要快)7.与since、for连用,since表示“从那一刻到说话时为止”,它总是与完成时连用,如:Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.SinceIwasachildIhavelivedinChina.For表示持续的时间,后接具体时间。如:HehaslivedinChinaforfiveyears.情态动词情态动词can表示能力Hecanflyakite表示可能性Themooncannotalwaysbeatthefull.表示猜测Canitbetrue?表示许可CanIuseyourpen?could表示过去的能力Hecouldreadwhenhewasfive.表示猜测Couldhehaveforgottenit?表示允许CouldIhaveapieceofpaper?may表示允许MayIcomein?表示可能性Hemayknowit.might表示允许(比may委婉)Heaskedifhemightgo表示可能性(比may更不确定)Youmighthavedifficultyindoingthat.must表必须MustIgo?表决对不允许Youmustn"tsmoke.表猜测Youmustbeateacher.need表需要(用于否定或疑问句)Weneedn"thurry.hadbetter表建议、忠告(用于各种人称)Youhadbettertakeabus.
例题1.Tom_____agoodstudent.A.amB.BeC.isD.are3.____yoursisterastudent?A.isB.amC.areD.Do5._____itrainingateightlastnight?A.isB.wereC.wasD.Are6.MissTao_____Englishinourschool.A.runB.teachesC.walksD.looks7.Mr.Brown’sface_____redwhentheheadmastercameintotheclassroomA.feltB.heardC.wereD.turned9.Tom,you’dbetter____yourcoat.A.putsonB.puttingonC.putonD.toputon12.Sheisonlyfive,butshe____swimwellA.canB.mayC.mustD.needs20.Mymother____lunchathomeeveryday.A.isn’tgivingB.hasn’tC.doesn’thaveD.hashad30.Letthem____itagain.A.doB.didC.doingD.towait(二)能力测试6.There____afootballmatchnextmonth.A.isgoingtohaveB.hasC.isD.isgoingtobe9.Tellher____thewindowA.toclosenotB.nottocloseC.don’tcloseD.isn’tit12.There___somewaterintheglass.A.areB.wasC.isD.were25.Mygrandfather____fortenyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendeadD.hasbeendiedUnit5介词介词的用法:表格介词的作用介词表地点、位置、方向的介词above,around,at,behind,between,by,down,from,in,up,infrontof,into,onto,near,off,out,over,through,under,towards,表时间的介词by,in,on,over,with其他介词like,with,without,from,next,to,against介词的分类和位置分类和位置例词和例句
分类和位置简单介词at,by,in,on,up,since,from复合介词upon,with,into,throughout双重介词fromunder(从……的下面)fromamong(从……的当中)frombehind(从……的后面)短语介词becauseof,infrontof,owingto,infavorof,insteadof,withregardto在句中的位置放在名词和代词之前Busyasweare,wehaveenoughleisuretimeforrecreationeveryday.(翻译略)放在句末whatareyoulookingat?Whereareyoufrom?Atwhattimedoyoubeginworkeveryday?主要讲一些常用的介词的区别:一.in,to,on在方位名词前的区别1.in表示A地在B地范围之内。如:TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.2.to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如:JapanliestotheeastofChina.3.on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:NorthKoreaisontheeastofChina.二.at,in,on,by在表示时间上的区别1.at指时间表示:(1)时间的一点、时刻等。如:Theycamehomeatnoon(atsunrise,atmidnight,atteno’clock,atdaybreak).(2)较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如:HewenthomeatNewYear(atChristmas,attheSpringFestival).2.in指时间表示:(1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。如:in2004,inMarch,inspring,inthemorning,intheevening(2)在一段时间之后。一般用于将来时,谓语动词为非延续性动词,意为“在……以后”。如:Hewillarriveintwohours.谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”。如:Theseproductswillbemadeinamonth.注意:after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”。如:Hewillarriveafter6o’clock.3.on指时间表示:(1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、节日、星期几等,如:OnChristmasDaytherewillbeaparty.(2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如:Hearrivedat8o’clockonthenightofFriday.(3)准时,按时。如:Ifthetraincanbeontime,Ishouldgethomebeforedark.
4.by指时间表示:(1)不迟于,在(某时)前。如:Hewillcomebysixo’clock.(2)在……间,在……的时候。如:Heworkedbydayandstudiedbynight.三.near,by,beside,at表示“在……附近”时的区别1.near表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远。如:SuzhouisnearShanghai.2.by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思。如:Hewassittingbesideher.3.at也有“在旁边”的意思,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表示位置关系。如:Thestudentsaresittingatthetablelisteningtotheteacher.Severalstudentsaresittingby/besidethedoortalkingaboutamusic.四.at,in和on表示地点时的区别1.at表示地点:(1)用于指较小的地方。如:arriveat,接小地方Iwillwaitforyouatthestation.(2)用于门牌号码前。如:Helivesat11ZhongshanRoad.2.in表示地点:arrivein接较大地方(1)用于指较大的地方。如:HelivesinShanghai.(2)虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in。商店、学校、机关等,若看作一个地点(point)用at,若看作一个场所(place)用in。如:Imethimatthepost-office.I’mworkinginthepost-office.3.on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“在……上;在……旁”。如:Thepicturewashangingonthewall.五.besides,except,but表示“除……外”之间的区别1.besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质。如:Besidesxiaoming,wealsowenttoseethefilm.(王先生也去了)注意:besides用于否定句中时,与except,but同义,可互换。如:Wehavenootherbooksbesides/exceptthese.2.except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质。如:Weallwenttoseethefilmexceptxiaoming.(王先生没去)3.but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词。如:Nobodyknewitbutme.Thisisnothingbutapieceofcake.六.above,over,on,up表示“在……上”之间的区别1.above指“……上方”,表示相对高度,不一定在正上方,其反义词为below。如:
We’reflyingabovetheclouds.2.over指“在……正上方”,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under。如:Thebridgeisovertheriver.3.on表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触,与beneath相对。如:Thereisamaponthewall.Theearthfeltsoftbeneathourfeet.4.up表示动作的方向往上,反义词为down。如:Pleasestandup七.with,from,for,at表示原因的区别1.with表示原因,指由于外界而影响到内部,意为“因为;由于”。如:Thelittlegirlwasshiveringwithcold.2.from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。如:Shediditfromasenseofduty.3.for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。如:Idoapologizeforkeepingyouwaiting.4.at表示原因,指“听到;看到;想到”等。如:Atthenewstheyfeltveryglad.例题2.Iarrivedhere_____thenightofthefourthofMarch.A.inB.atC.onD.to3.Canyoufinishit_____abay?A.onB.inC.byD.with6.Yesterdayhewentout______awalkinthestreet.A.withB.toC.inD.for4.Mymotherhasreadthenews_____thenewspaper.A.atB.onC.inD.over5.Mylittlesisteroftengetsup______twentypastseven.A.onB.atC.ofD.in15.Japanis_____theeastofchina.A.inB.toC.byD.on17.Canyouwritetheseletter____EnglishA.withB.byC.inD.use能力测试3.Pleaselook_____theblackboard.A.atB.inC.ofD.with4.Mysisterisreadingabook_____thetable.A.inB.underC.intoD.at6.Wedon’twatchTV______Tuesdayevening.A.onB.inC.ofD.by8.Wegetup____halfpastsix______hemorning.A.at,inB.in,atC.at,onD.to,in17.Sheworkshard____morning____night.A.to,forB.in,atC.from,toD.on,from
Unit6句法句子的分类按用途分陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句按结构分简单句、并列句、复合句六种成分1)主语(subject)它是句子所要说明的人或事物,是一句的主体。如IstudyEnglish(我学习英语)中的I。2.谓语动词(predicateverb)它是说明主语的动作或状态的,如IstudyEnglish中的study。3.表语(predicative)它是放在主语之后的连系动词,表示主语的身分或特征的,如Iamastudent(我是一个学生)4.宾语(object)它是表示及物动词动作的对象的,如IstudyEnglish中的English。另外一种:介词后面的名词或代词,叫做介词的宾语,如TheyworkonSunday中的Sunday,就是介词on的宾语。5.定语(attribute)它是限定或修饰名词或代词用的,如Helikestodrinkhotmilk中的hot。6.状语(adverbial)它是修饰动词、形容词、副词用的,如Heworkshard(他努力工作)中的hard。陈述句:(DeclarativeSentence) 陈述句是用来说明事实、看法,描述动作、状态,阐明道理、原因,等等。是最多见的一种句子。它在表达意思上有两种形式,即肯定句形式和否定句形式,例如:Sheisabeautifulgirl.否定形式的构成:主语+助动词+not+谓语动词原形……其它顺序不变主语+系动词+not…….其它顺序不变Shedoesn’tlikecookingIamnotastudent.疑问句:一般疑问句构成方式:助动词+主语+谓语动词原形(其他顺序不变)系动词+主语(其他顺序不变) 一般疑问句是就某件事或某种情况的"是与否"提问。因此,它的回答不是"Yes"就是"No";回答时所用的句子可以是完整句,也可以是省略句。另一方面,凡是疑问句一般说来都应该是倒装语序Doesshelikecooking?Issheastudent?,yes,Iam/no,Iamnot特殊疑问句构成方式:特殊疑问词(who,what,which,why,where,等)+助动词+主语+谓语动词原形+系动词+主语
特殊疑问句是对某件事或某种情况的某一方面的具体内容提问,因此,对哪一方面的具体内容提问回答的内容也应该是具体的WhoisourEnglishteacher?Liming.选择疑问句对句子中成分设置选择问题,选择部分由连词or连接。貌似一般疑问句,两者有区别,因为回答这种问句时不能用"Yes/No",而是需要回答人说出具体的选择。Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?Teaplease!反意疑问句(DisjunctiveQuestion)当说话人对某种情况不甚有把握,或需进一步证实时,便可使用反意疑问句。反意疑问句的构成分两部分。第一部分是一个完整的陈述句;第二部分是一个简单疑问句。第一部分若是肯定形式,第二部分则用否定形式;第一部分若是否定形式,第二部分则用肯定形式。还必须要保持前后两部分在时态、情态动词等方面的一致性。例如: Sheisacollegestudent,isn"tshe?她是学生,对不对?HespeaksEnglish,doesn"the?Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish,doeshe?回答反意疑问句和回答一般疑问句一样,肯定回答用"Yes,+肯定结构";否定回答用"No,+否定结构"。这与汉语习惯有所不同。例如:He"sadoctor,isn"the?他是医生,对吧?Yes,heis.对,他是医生。(No,heisn"t.不,他不是医生。)Heisn"tadoctor,ishe?他不是医生,对吧?Yes,heis.不,他是医生。(No,heisn"t.对,他不是医生。)在使用反意疑问句时,特别要注意以下几点:1.如果陈述句中出现never,seldom,hardly,few,little,nobody,noone,nothing等含有否定意义的词时,反意疑问句通常要用肯定式。例如:Sheseldomgoestotheconcert,doesshe?Hehasfewgoodreasonsforstaying,hashe?2.如果陈述句中的主语是不定式短语、动名词短语、everything或nothing时,反意疑问句通常要用it作主语。例如:Tosellnewspaperwashisjob,wasn"tit?Everythingisallright,isn"tit?3.如果陈述句中的主语是不定代词everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,nobody,noone,eachof等时,反意疑问句通常要用they或he作主语。例如:Somebodyborrowedmybike,didn"tthey/he?Eachofthempassedtheexam,didn"tthey?Noonewashurt,washe/werethey?4.如果陈述句用"Iam"时,反意疑问句通常要用"aren"tI?"。例如:I"mlate,aren"tI?5.如果陈述句是"therebe"结构时,反意疑问句要用there,省去主语代词。例如:Thereissomethingwrongwithyourcomputer,isn"tthere?6.如果陈述句的谓语是wish时,反意疑问句的谓语动词通常要用may。例如: Iwishtovisityourschool,mayI?
7.如果陈述句是并列句,反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要与第二个分句保持一致。例如:Tomisn"tagoodstudent,foritisthesecondtimehehasbeenlatethisweek,isn"tit?祈使句(ImperativeSentence) 祈使句表示说话人的请求、命令、要求、建议,等等。祈使句的主语常被省略。 祈使句的谓语用动词原形;它的否定形式是句首用Don"t+动词原形,或是Notto+动词原形。例如: Bequiet,please!(大家)请安静。 Standup!起立! Don"tsmokehere。 感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导,"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。what+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语举例:Whataninterestingbookitis!Howbeautifulsheis!例题:4.___Tom____hishomeworkathome?A.Do;doB.Does;doC.Does;didD.Did;did5.Everydaythewomen___anycleaningintheafternoon.A.doesn’tB.isn’tdoC.isn’tdoingD.doesn’tdo6._____thedoor,please.A.OpenB.ToopenC.openingD.Opened7.____drawonthewall.A.NotB.Doesn’tC.Don’tD.Didn’t8.____interestingstoryitis!A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.How9._____beautifultheseflowersare!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowaD.How13.____isyourmotherA.HowB.WhoC.WhichD.What18.Thereisnowaterintheglass,______?A.isn’titB.isn’tthereC.isitD.isthere19.Idon’tthinkyouareright,_______?A.doIB.doyouC.areyouD.aren’tyou能力测试:1.I______carrytheheavybox.A.can’tB.notC.notcanD.amnot10.____isyourfather?He’sfine.A.HowB.whatC.whoD.Howold11.Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday,_____they?A.didB.hadn’tC.didn’tD.had
12.Sally’sneverbeentoshanghai,______she?A.hadn’tB.isn’tC.hasD.is13._____goodstudentstheyare!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa七年级英语(下)复习提纲Unit1Where’syourpenpalfrom?一.短语:1.befrom=comefrom来自于----2.livein居住在---3.onweekends在周末4.writetosb=writealettertosb给某人写信;写信给某人5.intheworld在世界上6.inChina在中国7.penpal笔友8.14yearsold14岁 9.favoritesubject最喜欢的科目10.theUnitedStates美国 theUnitedKingdom英国 NewYork纽11.speakEnglish讲英语 likeanddislike爱憎9.gotothemovies去看电影 playsports做运动二.重点句式:1Where’syourpenpalfrom?=Wheredoesyourpenpalfrom/2Wheredoeshelive?3Whatlanguage(s)doeshespeak?4IwantapenpalinChina.5IcanspeakEnglishandalittleFrench.6Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourself.7Canyouwritetomesoon?8Ilikegoingtothemovieswithmyfriendsandplayingsports.三.本单元的国家,人民、语言对应。1Canada----Canadian----English/French2France------French------French3Japan------Japanese----Japanese4Australia----Australian-----English5theUnitedStates------American----English6theUnitedKingdom---British-----EnghishUnit2Where’sthepostoffice?一.Askingways:(问路)1.Whereis(thenearest)……?(最近的)……在哪里?2.Canyoutellmethewayto……?你能告诉我去……的路吗?3.HowcanIgetto……?我怎样到达……呢?4.Isthere……nearhere/intheneighborhood?附近有……吗?5.Whichisthewayto……?哪条是去……的路?二.Showingtheways:(指路)1.Gostraightdown/alongthisstreet.沿着这条街一直走。2.Turnleftatthesecondturning.在第二个路口向左转。3.Youwillfinditonyourright.你会在你右手边发现它。4.Itisaboutonehundredmetresfromhere.离这里大约一百米远。5.You’dbettertakeabus.你最好坐公交车去。(You’dbetter+动词原形)三.词组1.acrossfrom……在……的对面acrossfromthebank在银行的对面2.nextto……紧靠……nexttothesupermarket紧靠超市3.between……and……在……和……之间betweentheparkandthezoo在公园和动物园之间among表示位于三者或三者以上之间4.infrontof……在……前面Thereisatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.课室前面有棵树。inthefrontof……在……(内)的前部Thereisadeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。5.behind……在……后面behindmyhouse在我家后面6.turnleft/right向左/右拐ontheleft/rightof……在某物的左/右边ontheleftofourschool在我们学校的左边onone’sleft/right在某人的左/右边onmyleft在我左边7.gostraight一直走8.down/along……沿着……(街道down/alongCenterStreet沿着中央街9.intheneighborhood=nearhere在附近10welcometo……欢迎来到……11.take/haveawalk散步12.thebeginningof…………的开始,前端atthebeginningof……在……的开始,前端inthebeginning起初,一开始13.havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得开心,过得愉快我昨天玩得很开心。Ihadfunyesterday.Ihadagoodtimeyesterday.Ienjoyedmyselfyesterday.14.haveagoodtrip旅途愉快15.takeataxi坐出租车16.到达:getto+地方 gethere/there/home到这/那/家arrivein+大地方IarriveinBeijing.arriveat+小地方Iarriveatthebank.reach+地方17.goacross从物体表面横过goacrossthestreet横过马路gothrough从空间穿过gothroughtheforest穿过树林18.on+街道的名称。Eg:onCenterStreetat+具体门牌号+街道的名称Eg:at6CenterStreet三.重难点解析1.enjoydoingsth享受做某事的乐趣,喜爱做某事Ienjoyreading.我喜爱读书。到目前为止,我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy,都是要带doing.Ifinishcleaningtheroom.我扫完了这间屋子。2.hopetodosth希望做某事Ihopetopassthisexam.我希望通过这次考试。hope+从句Ihopetomorrowwillbefine.我希望明天将会晴朗。(从句即是一个小句子,这个小句子又放在大句子中,从属于大句子,所以叫从句。如tomorrowwillbefine是一个从句,它又放在Ihope的后面,形成句中有句。)3.if引导一个表示假设的句子。IfIhavemuchmoney,Iwillgotothemoon.如果我有许多钱,我就会去月球。Ifyouarehungry,youcanbuysomefoodinthesupermarket.如果你饿了的话,你可以在超市买一些食物。四.本单元的反义词、近义词配对1、new—old2、quiet---busy3、dirty---clean4、big----smallUnit3Whydoyoulikekoalabears?一.重点词组eatgrasseatleavesbequiet veryshy verysmart verycuteplaywithherfriends kindof SouthAfrica otheranimalsatnight intheday everyday duringtheday二.交际用语1.Whydoyoulikepandas?Becausethey’reveryclever.2.Whydoeshelikekoalas?Becausethey’rekindofinteresting.3.Wherearelionsfrom?TheyarefromSouthAfrica.4.Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?Ilikedogs,too.Why?Becausethey’refriendlyandclever.
1.Mollylikestoplaywithherfriendsandeatgrass.2.She’sveryshy.7.HeisfromAustralia.8.Hesleepsduringtheday,butatnighthegetsupandeatsleaves.9.Heusuallysleepsandrelaxes20hourseveryday.10.Let’sseethepandasfirst.11.They’rekindofinteresting.12.Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?13.Whydoyouwanttoseethelions?三.重点难点释义1、kindof有点,稍微Koalabearsarekindofshy.考拉有点害羞。kind还有“种类”的意思如:各种各样的allkindsofWehaveallkindsofbeautifulflowersinourschool.2、Chinan.中国African.非洲China和Africa都是专有名词,首字母都应该大写,而且和介词in连用。TherearemanykindsoftigersinChina.TherearemanykindsofscaryanimalsinAfrica.3、friendlyadj.友好的,和蔼可亲的它是名词friend的形容词形式,常常和be动词连用,befriendly。ThepeopleinChengduareveryfriendly.4、withprep.跟,同,和…在一起Iusuallyplaychesswithmyfather.注意区别与and的用法,and通常用于连接主语或宾语,连接主语时,如果有I,I通常放在and之后,如:MyfatherandIusuallyplaychesstogether.Playwith“和…一起玩耍”“玩…”Ioftenplaywithmypetdog.Don’tplaywithwater!5、day和night是一对反义词,day表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。通常说intheday,duringtheday,atnight。Koalabearsoftensleepduringthedayandeatleavesatnight.6、leafn.叶子复数形式为:leaves,类似的变化还有:wife—wives,wolf—wolves,knife—knives,scarf---scarfs(scarves)等。7、hourn.小时;点钟hour前边通常加上冠词an表示“一个小时”,即:anhour。Thereare24hoursinadayand60minutesinanhour.8、befrom来自…befrom=comefromPandasarefromChina.=PandascomeformChina.9、meatn.(食用的)肉,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修饰,即:muchmeatHeeatsmuchmeateveryday.10、grassn.草,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修饰,即:muchgrass。Thereismuchgrassontheplayground.四.语法知识特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“howold”、“howmany”等开头,对某一具体问题进行提问。 特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况: 1.疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如: What’syourgrandfather’stelephonenumber?你爷爷的电话号码是多少? Whoisthatboywithbigeyes?那个大眼睛的男孩是谁? Whichseasondoyoulikebest?你最喜欢哪个季节? Whenishegoingtoplaythepiano?他什么时候弹钢琴?
Wheredoeshelive?他住在哪儿?Howareyou? 你好吗?Howoldareyou?你多大了? Howmanybrothersandsistersdoyouhave? 你有几个兄弟姐妹?2.疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如: Whoisondutytoday?今天谁值日? Whichmanisyourteacher?哪位男士是你的老师? 我们学过的What/Howabout+名词/代词+其他?也是特殊疑问句,它是一种省略结构。例如:IlikeEnglish.What/Howaboutyou? 我喜欢英语。你呢?Whataboutplayingbasketball? 打篮球怎么样?Unit4Iwanttobeanactor.一.短语:1wanttodosth想要作某事2givesbsth=givesthtosb给某人某物/把某物给某人3helpsbdosth帮助某人作某事Eg:Iwanttohelpmymotherdosomehouseworkathome.4helpsbwithsth帮助某人谋事Eg:Iwanttohelpmymotherwithsomehouseworkathome5intheday在白天6atnight在晚上7talkwith/tosb和----谈话8bebusydoingsth忙于做某事Eg:Heisbusylisteningtotheteacher.9inahospital在医院10work/studyhard努力工11EveningNewspaper晚报二.重点句式及注意事项:1询问职业的特殊疑问词是what;有三种主要句式①What+is/are+sb?Eg.Whatisyourmother?②What+does/do+sb+do?Eg.Whatdoeshisbrotherdo?③What+is/are+名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+job?Eg.whatisyourjob?2Peoplegivemetheirmoneyorgettheirmoneyfromme.3SometimesIworkinthedayandsometimesatnight.4Iliketalkingtopeople.5Iworklate.I’mverybusywhenpeoplegoouttodinners.6Wheredoesyoursisterwork?7thenwehaveajobforyouasawaiter.8Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?Thencomeandworkforusasareporter.9Doyouliketoworkeveningsandweekends?10Weareaninternationalschoolforchildrenof5-12.三.本单元中的名词复数。1policeman--policemen2womandoctor--womendoctors3thief--thieves4.appletree--appletreesUnit5I’mwatchingTV一.现在进行时Ⅰ现在进行时的用法表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作Ⅱ现在进行时时间状语及标志性词now现在atthemoment现在look看(后面有明显的“!”)listen听(后面有明显的“!”)Ⅲ现在分词的构成①一般在动词结尾处加ingEg:go—goinglook--looking②以不发音字母e结尾的动词,去e加ing。Eg:write—writingclose--closing
③以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个字母,再加ing.Eg:get—gettingrun—running(swim,run,put,get,sit,begin)Ⅳ现在进行时的构成肯定句:主语+am/is/are+doing+其他+时状.Eg:Heisdoinghishomeworknow.否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+doing+其他+时状.Eg:Heisnotdoinghishomeworknow.一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+doing+其他+时状?Eg:Ishedoinghishomeworknow?肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/areEgYes,heis.否定回答:No,主语+amnot/isn’t/aren’tEg:No,heisn’t.二.短语:1.doone’shomework做某人的作业dohousework做家务2.talkonthephone在电话里交谈,talkabout……谈论……talkto(with)sb和某人交谈3.writealetter写信writealettertosb给某人写信4.playwith……和……一起玩5.watchTV 看电视TVshow电视节目6.waitforsb/sth等待某人/某物7.someof…………中的一些8.inthefirstphoto在第一张照片里(介词用in,序数词前面有the)inthelastphoto在最后一张照片里aphotoofone’sfamily 某人的家庭照片9.atthemall在购物街at/inthelibrary在图书室at/inthepool在游泳池10.readabook=readbooks=dosomereading看书\阅读11.thanksfor=thankyoufor 为某事而感谢(后接动词要用v-ing)三.重点句式及注意事项:1.他正在干什么?Whatishedoing?他正在吃饭。Heiseatingdinner.他正在哪里吃饭?Whereisheeatingdinner他正在家里吃饭。Heiseatingdinnerathome.2.你想什么时候去?Whendoyouwanttogo?让我们六点钟去吧。Let’sgoatsixo’clock.3.他正在等什么?Whatishewaitingfor?他正在等公交车。Heiswaitingforabus.4.他们正在和谁说话?Whoaretheytalkingwith?他们正在和MissWu说话。TheyaretalkingwithMissWu.5.你们正在谈论什么?Whatareyoutalkingabout?我们正在谈论天气。Wearetalkingabouttheweather.6.他们都正在去上学。Theyareallgoingtoschool.7. 这儿是一些我的照片。Herearesomeofmyphotos.这儿是一些肉。Hereissomeofmeat. (someofmeat不可数,故用is)8. 谢谢你帮我买这本书。Thankyouforhelpingmebuythisbook.9. family家;家庭。强调“整体”,是单数;强调“成员”时,是复数。Hisfamilyhasashower.他们家有一个淋浴。HisfamilyarewatchingTV.他全家在看电视。 Unit6It’sraining!一.短语:1takephotos/pictures 照像2takephotos/picturesofsb/sth 给某人或某物照相3haveagoodtime\havefunhaveagreattame玩得愉快4workforsb/sth 为某人工作Eg:YuanYuanworksforCCTV’sAroundTheWorldshow5onvacation 度假Eg:Therearemanypeoplehereonvacation.6some…others… 一些…另外一些… one…theothers…一个…另一个…(两者之间)Eg:Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom.Somearewriting,othersarereading.7puton穿上(动作) wear穿着(状态)Eg:Tomisputtingonhiscoatnow.8onthebeach 在沙滩上Eg:Tomandhisfamilyareplayingonthebeachatthismoment.
9thisgroupofpeople 这一群人10.inthisheat二.重点句型1.How is the weather? 天气怎么样? In the raining. 在下雨。2.What are you doing? 你正在做什么? I"m watching TV. 我在看电视。3.What are they doing? 他们在做什么? They are studying. 他们在学习。4.What is he doing? 他在做什么? He is playing basketball . 他在打篮球。5.What is she doing ? 她在做什么? She is cooking . 她在做饭。三.重难点解析1、询问天气情况的句式:(横线内容可替换)①HowistheweatherinBeijing?(Howistheweathertoday?)②What’stheweatherlikeinBeijing?(What’stheweatherliketoday?)2、回答上面问题的句式:①It’s+adj.(形容词)Eg:It’swindy.3、How’sitgoing(withyou)?①Notbad.②Great!③Terrible!④Prettygood.4、ThankyouforjoiningCCTV’sAroundTheWordshow.5、Iamsurprisedtheycanplayinthisheat.6、Everyoneishavingagoodtime.7、Peoplearewearinghatsandscarfs.①wear指穿衣服的状态。②puton指穿衣服的动作。Pleaseputonyouroldclothes四.谈论天气的日常用语1. It’ssunny/rainy/cloudy.今天是晴天/雨天/阴天。2. Lovelyweather,isn’tit?天气真好,是吗?3. Itlookslikerain.看起来要下雨。4. It’srainingcatsanddogs.正是瓢泼大雨。5. Itseemstobecleaningup.天似乎要转晴。6. It’sblowinghard.风刮得很大。7. It’ssnowingheavily.正在下大雪。8. Thesnowwon’tlastlong.雪不会持续太久。9. It’sveryfoggy.雾很大。10. Thefogisbeginningtolift.正在收雾。11. It’sthunderingandlightening.雷电交加。12. What’stheweatherliketoday?今天天气怎么样?13. What’stheweatherreportfortomorrow?天气预报明天怎么样?14. It’squitedifferentfromtheweatherreport.这和天气预报相差很大。15. It’sratherchangeable.天气变化无常。16. What’sthetemperature?温度是多少?17. It’stwobelowzero.零下二度。18. Thetemperaturehasdroppedalottoday.今天温度低多了。Unit7Whatdoeshelooklike?一.短语1.looklike看起来像....2.curly/short/straight/longhair卷/短/直发3.mediumheight/build中等高度/身体4.alittlebit一点儿…5.apopsinger一位流行歌手6.haveanewlook呈现新面貌7.goshopping(dosomeshopping)去购物8.thecaptainofthebasketballteam 篮球队队长9.bepopularwithsb为---所喜爱10.oneof------中的一个11.stoptodosth停下来去做某事12.stopdoingsth停止正在做的事情13.telljokes/stories讲笑话/讲故事14.havefundoingsth愉快地做某事15.remember(forget)todosth记得(忘记)做某事(没有做的)16.remember(forget)doingsth记得(忘记)做过某事(已做)二.本单元的重点句:1.Isthatyourfriend?No,itisn’t.2.Whatdoesshelooklike?3.IthinkIknowher.(Idon’tthinkIknowher.)4.WangLinisthecaptainofthebasketballteam.5.She’salittlebitquiet.6.XuQianlovestotelljokes.
7.Sheneverstopstalking.8.Shelikesreadingandplayingchess.9.Idon’tthinkhe’ssogreat.10.Icangoshoppingandnobodyknowsme.11.Nowhehasanewlook.三.重难点解析1.Whatdoes/do+主语+looklike?询问某人的外貌特征,看上去什么样?Eg:Whatdoesyourfriendlooklike?2.形容头发时,可按照先长短,后曲直,最后说颜色的顺序说。(长形色)Eg:Shehaslongcurlyblackhair.3.oneof+名词复数,谓语动词要用“单三”形式。Eg:Oneofhisfriendsisaworker.4.不定代词做主语时,谓语动词要用“单三”形式。修饰不定代词词,应该放在它的后面.Eg:Icangoshoppingandnobodyknowsme.5.Heis…(通常为形容词,包括身高、体形等)Hehas…(通常为形容词修饰的名词,包括头发、五官)Hewears…(穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等,也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须)6.Idon’tthink…的用法表达否定的看法 Idon’tthinksheisgood-looking.(否定主观态度)Unit8I'dlikesomenoodles一.短语1. beefandtomatonoodles\noodleswithbeefandtomato牛肉西红柿面 chickenandcabbagenoodles muttonandpotatonoodlestomatoandeggnoodles beefandcarrotnoodles2.wouldliketodosthwanttodos.th想要作某事3.whatkindofnoodles什么种类的面条4.whatsizebowlofnoodles什么大小碗型的面5.alarge\mediumsmallbowlofnoodles大\中\小碗的面6.icecream 冰淇淋 orangejuice桔汁 greentea绿茶 RMB人民币phonenumber7.HouseofDumplings\noodles饺子\面馆 DessertHouse甜点屋二.重点句型1.Whatkindofvegetablesmeatdrinkfoodwouldyoulike? I’dlike……I’dlikechickenandcabbagenoodles.2.Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?I’dlikebeefnoodles.3.Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?I’dlikechickenandcabbagenoodles.4.Whatsizebowlplateofnoodleswouldyoulike?5.I’dlikealargemediumsmallbowlnoodles.6.Whatsizecakewouldyoulike?Iwouldlikeasmallbirthday-cake.三.重难点解析1. wouldlike想要(表示一种委婉的语气)其用法相当于want.wouldlike+名词 wouldlikeanapple(wantanapple)wouldliketodosthHewouldliketoplaysoccer.----Wouldyouliketoseethedolphins?----Yes,I’dliketo.(1)would是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,可与人称代词缩写为’d,与其它情态动词一样可帮助完成疑问句和否定句。(你能举出例子吗?)我想要些牛肉。I’dlikesomebeef. 她想去打乒乓球。Shewouldliketoplayping-pang.(你能变否定句和疑问句吗?)(2)Wouldyoulikesth.?是提建议的一种句型,如需用一些,用some而不用any.肯定回答是:Yes,please./Allright./Yes./OK.其否定回答是:No,thanks.2.Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?kind在此句中作“种类”讲,akindof一种,allkindsof各种各样的。kindof有几分
Acatisakindofanimal.ThereareallkindsofanimalsinthezooThecatiskindofsmart.3. CanIhelpyou?你要买什么?肯定 Yes,please.Iwouldlike……否定 No,thanks.Unit9Howwasyourweekend一.短语1.play+运动 playsoccerplaytennisplaysportsplaythe+乐器 playtheguitarplaywith…和某人\物玩耍2.have+三餐 havebreakferstlunchsupper 3.studyfor…cleantheroomvisitsbstayathomehaveaparty talkshow 4.gotothebeach gotothemoviesgoforawalkgotothemountains5.goshoppingdosomeshoppinggototheshop买东西6.lastweekend\overtheweekend上周末 onweekends每周末7.on+某日+morningafternoonevening(或具体的某一天)in+morningafternoonevening in+世纪年\月\季节 at+时刻 last(next)month\yearweek8.whatabout+nv-ingpren=howabout……呢9.spendtheweekendlastweek度过上周的周末10.it’stimetodosth=it’stimeforsth该做么的时候了11.lookfor 寻找.....二,重点句型和语法1.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与过去的时间状语连用:yesterday,lastweek(month,year)(1)系动词be的过去时:am(is)→was,are→were陈述句:Hewasathomeyesterday.否定句:Hewasn’tathomeyesterday.疑问句:Washeathomeyesterday?Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.(2)行为动词的一般过去时:陈述句:主语+动词过去式+其它Igotothemovie.→Iwenttothemovie.否定句:主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其Idon’tgotoschooltoday.→Ididn’tgotoschool.一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它Doyouhavebreakfast?→Didyouhavebreakfast?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.(3)规则动词的过去式变化规则变化规则例词一般在词尾加—ed.play→played以不发音的e结尾的,只加--d.like→likedlove→loved以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i,再加—ed.study→studiedcarry→carried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-edstop→stoppedplan→planned动词不规则变化:do→didhave→hadgo→wentsee→sawread→readget→gotgive→gavesleep→slepteat→atewrite→wrotefind_---found2.what’sthedatetoday?It’s…
2.Whatwasthedateyesterday?Itwas…What’stheweatherliketoday?It’s…?3.Howwasyourweekend?6.Whatdidshedo?Shedidherhomework7.Whatdidhedolastweekend?Heplayedsoccer8..It’stimetogohome=It’stimeforhomeUnit10Wheredidyougoonvacation?一.短语1.goonvacation gotosummercamp stayathomestudyforexams CentralPark showsthtosb.helphimfindhisfather walkbackto… goshoppingthePalaceMuseum thinkof havefundoingsth.bustrip theGreatWall Tian’anMenSquare.aBeijingHutong makesbdosth.decidetodosth allday
初一英语语法突破二.重点句子和注意事项1.Wheredidyougoonvacation?Iwenttosummercamp.Wheredidtheygoonvacation?TheywenttoNewYorkCity.Wheredidhegoonvacation?Hestayedathome.Wheredidshegoonvacation?Shevisitedheruncle.2.Didyou/he/she/theygotoCentralPark?Yes,I/he/she/theydid.No,I/he/she/theydidn’t.3.Howwerethemovies?Theywerefantastic4.havefundoingsomething 干某事有乐趣= enjoyoneselfdoingsomethingWehavefunlearningandspeakingEnglish.WeenjoyourselveslearningandspeakingEnglish.我们学英语有很多乐趣 .5.findsb.doingsth.发现某人在干某事 findsb.dosth.发现某人干过某事Ifindhimreadingthenovel(小说).Ifoundhimgointotheroom.6.corner 角落,角,拐角处inthecorner在角落里(指在建筑物里面)atthecorner在拐角处(指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角)Mybikeisatthecorner.7.belost迷路了=getlost,lost(adj.)Thegirlwaslostinthebigcity.8.helpsb.(to)dosth.=helpsbforsth帮助某人干某事HealwayshelpsuslearnEnglish9.makesb.dosth.让/使某人干某事let/havesb.dosth.do前不带toThemoviemakesmerelaxing.Lettheboydohishomeworkalone.10.feel+adj. 感到...Ifeelhungry/tired/happy/excited11.decidetodosth.决定干某事TheydecidedtogotoHainanonvacation.Uint11Whatdoyouthinkofgameshows?一.词组1.. TV shows(电视节目)soap opera sitcom acomedyanactionmovieadocumentary athrillercartoon BeijingOperaAnimalWorld Tellitlikeitis LawToday game show CCTVNews Newsin30Minutes ManandNatureneseCooking AroundChina talk show Lucky52rtsnews sports show CultureChina 2. write an article for the school magazine.给学校杂志写一篇文章3. a thirteen - year - old boy.一个十三岁的男孩4. wear colorful clothes.穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服5. interview sb. 采访某人 in fact. 实际上6. wear scarves. 戴着围巾7 .think of 想起,考虑到二.重点句型1. What do you think of soap operas? I can"t stand them. 2. What do you think of sports shows? I don"t mind them.3. What does she think of "Hilltop High"? She doesn"t like it.4. What does Tony think of Tommy? He likes him.5. What do they think of Amanda? They love her.三.重难点解析39
初一英语语法突破1. wear (v. 动词) "穿,戴,佩"。根据不同宾语,翻译不同的汉语意思。wear earrings 戴耳环 wear a dress 穿连衣裙wear a watch 戴手表 wear a beard 蓄胡子wear long hair 留长发2. think "想,考虑,思索"(v. 动词)可以和许多介词搭配,组成新的意思。A:think of "考虑";"有...的看法",有时等于think about.What does he think of Beijing Opera?他对京剧有什么看法?My mother always thinks of everything!我妈妈总是想到所有的东西。think highly of sb. /sth. 对某人或某物评价甚高Mr Black thinks highly of his son. 布莱克先生对他儿子评价甚高。B:think about "考虑"(指计划,观念,看它是否相宜、可行)He is thinking about going to China.他正在考虑去中国。3. too与either的区别too"也",表示肯定意义,与肯定的表达方法连用;而either"也不",表示否定意义,与否定的表达方法连用。(1)—My brother likes to play soccer.我哥哥喜欢踢足球。—I do, too.我也是(喜欢)。(2)—My brother doesn"t like to play soccer.我哥哥不喜欢踢足球。—I don"t, either.我也不喜欢。also也可以表示"也",但一般情况下,too和either放在句子之后,also放在动词之前。We also love talk shows.我们也喜欢访谈节目。4. a thirteen - year - old boy 一个十三岁的男孩此结构中,year用单数形式,且用连字符,这种结构用作定语。a five - month - old baby 一个五个月大的婴儿5. enjoy (v. 喜爱,享受)enjoy后面接名词、代词或动名词,注意与like/ love用法的区别。like/ love还可以接动词不定式(to do)。I enjoy the soap operas.我喜爱肥皂剧。I enjoy watching the soap operas.我喜爱看肥皂剧。但我们不能说:I enjoy to watch the soap operas.只能说:I like / love to watch the soap operas.6. mind 表示"介意,反对"的意思时,通常用在疑问句、否定句中。Would you mind opening the window?请你打开窗子好不好?He doesn"t mind the cold weather at all.他一点都不在乎寒冷的天气。多用于以下句型:(表示请求或征求意见)后接动名词/名词/代词。Would you mind (doing) ...?Do you mind (doing) ...?7. stand 表示忍受(多用于否定句、疑问句)He can"t stand the hot weather.他忍受不了炎热的天气。Can you stand the pain?你忍受得了疼吗?9. What do you think of ...? 你认为...怎么样?(谈论对某事物的喜好程度)可选择的回答有:(1)I like it.(2)I don"t mind it.(3)I don"t like it.(4)I can"t stand it.(5)I like it very much.(6)I love it.(7)It"s beautiful.(8)They"re fantasticUnit 12 Don"t eat in class. 一.短语.1. in class 在课上 2. on school nights 在上学的晚上 3. school rules 校规4. no talking 禁止交谈 5. listen to music 听音乐 6. have to 不得不7. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步 8. eat outside 在外面吃饭9. in the hallway 在走廊上 39
初一英语语法突破10. wear a uniform 穿制服 11. arrive late for class 上学迟到 12. after school 放学后 17. be in bed 在床上 13. practice the guitar 练习弹吉它14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面 16. by ten o"clock.十点之前 18. the Children"s Palace 少年宫 19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭二.重点句型 1.Don’tarrivelateforschool=Don’tbelateforschool2.Don’tfight=3.Don’tlistentomusicintheclassroom.4.Don’truninthehallways5.Don’tsmoke.It’sbadforyourhealth.6.Don’tplaycardsinschool7.Don’ttalkinclass8.Don’twatchTVonschoolnights.9.Don’tsleepinclass.10.Don’tplaysportsintheclassrooms.11.Don’tsingsongsatnight.12.Don’ttalkwhenyoueat.13.Don’twearhatsinclass.14.Dohomeworkby10:00.15.Cleanyourhouse!16.Makethebed.17.Canwe……?Yes,wecan.No,wecan’t.Eg:Canwearrivelateforclass?No,wecan’t.Wecan’tarrivelateforclass.18.Doyouhavetowashyourclothes?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.三. 重难点解析:1. 情态动词have to 的用法,意思是"必须、不得不",它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。(1)结构:主语+have to+动词原形+其他(一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用has to;句子是过去时,用had to.)如: We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上,我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一,我不得不早上5点起床。 (2)否定形式:主语+don"t have to+动词原形+其他(一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用doesn"t have to. 句子是过去时,用didn"t have to)如:Nick doesn"t have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didn"t have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。(3)疑问句:Do (Does或Did)+主语+have to +动词原形+其他如:Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗?Yes, I do. / No, I don"t. 是的,我必须。不,我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚,他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗? 2. 情态动词can的用法(1)表示能力,"会""能"(在第一册中已经学习这种用法)Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗?Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。(2)表示允许、许可,"可以"、"能"(在这一课中新学的词义)Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗?We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗? 39
初一英语语法突破注意 同样是情态动词,can 和have to 的用法是有区别的,和大部分情态动词一样,can在否定句中,直接在can后加上not,在疑问句中,把can放到主语前面,并且没有人称和数的变化。 3. hear,listen和sound都有"听"的意思,但三者是有区别的。(1)hear"听说",侧重于"听"的内容I"m sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了,我很难过。I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。(2)listen"听"侧重于"听"这一动作。Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。(3)sound"听起来",它是系动词,后面接形容词等。That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。4. be in bed "在床上、卧床"in 和bed之间不能用冠词,bed也不用复数。He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。5. arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近,"迟到"Don"t arrive (be)late for school. 上学别迟到。I arrived (was)late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。6. No talking ! "禁止交谈!"no后面加上名词或动名词(doing)也表示不要做某事。与don"t +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don"t put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞!No food! Don"t eat food here! 禁止吃食物!No smoking! Don"t smoke here! 禁止吸烟!7.语法(祈使句)祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子,这类句子的主语常是第二人称you,也就是听话者,因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。如:Look out! 小心!Wait here for me! 在这等我!Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里!祈使句的否定形式多以do not(常缩写成don"t)开头,再加上动词原形。Don"t arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。Don"t fight! 别打架!Don"t look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。39