高中英语语法虚拟语气 30页

语气语气mood:一种动词的形式,表示说话人的看法和态度(opinionandattitude).英语动词有四种种语气:陈述语气(indicative)祈使语气(imperative)疑问语气（interrogative）虚拟语气(subjunctive)… TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况． 1.if条件虚拟语气if条件句分真实条件句和非真实条件句．如果假设的情况有可能发生，就是真实条件句；如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则是虚拟语气．Ifhehastime,hewillcomehere.IfIwereyou,Iwouldconsidertakingthejob. I表示现在情况的虚拟语气从句　主句woulddid/werecould＋动词原形shouldmight1IfIknewhowtospeakSpanish,Icouldtalkwiththemfreely.(Ican’tspeakit.)2Ifhewerehere,everythingshouldbeallright.3IfIwereafamoussinger,IwouldsingforthosepeoplewithAIDS. 注：如果从句中的谓语动词是were动词时，可省略if，把were动词提到主语的前面引起倒装．1Iwouldcertainlygoifitstoppedrainingrightnow.(不可倒装)2Ifhewereherewithus,wewouldfeelbetter.(可以倒装)=>Wereheherewithus,wewouldfeelbetter. 1Ifmyfather___herenow,he___tellmewhattodo.Awere,wouldBwere,willCis,wouldDis,will2IfI_____abee,I_____workmuchharder.Awere,wouldBwere,shallChad,willDhave,should3IfI____muchmoney,I____buyahouse.Ahave,willBhad,shouldChad,willDhave,should4He___learnmorequicklyifhe___harder.Awill,workBwould,workedCwould,workDwill,workedAABB 5IfI_____you,I______dothat.Awas,wouldn’tBwere,wouldn’tCam,won’tDwere,won’tB II表示将来情况的虚拟语气从句主句did/werewouldshould+docould+动词原形weretodoshouldmight1Ifitdidn’tsnowtomorrow,Iwouldgowithyou.2IfIshouldgotoBeijingUniversitytwoyearslater,ImightgototheUSAformymaster’sanddoctor’sdegrees. 3IfIweretobecomeamillionaireinthefuture,IwoulddowhatIcantohelpthechildrenwithAIDS.注：当从句的谓语动词是were,weretodo,和shoulddo时，可省略if，把were和should提到主语前构成倒装句．所以上述三个例句中有两句可以变成倒装句．1Ifitdidn’traintomorrow,Iwouldgowithyou.(不可以倒装)2ShouldIgotoBeijingUniversitytwoyearslater,ImightgototheUSAformymaster’sanddoctor’sdegrees.3WereItobecomeamillionaireinthefuture,IwoulddowhatIcantohelpthechildrenwithAIDS. 1It’squiteimpossiblethatitwillraintomorrow.Butifit___,Iwouldstillgotothepark.AshouldrainBwouldrainCrainsDhadrained2Idon’tthinkthatIshallfail.ButifI___,Iwouldtryagain.AfailBwouldfailCfailedDhadfailed3___tomorrow,whatshouldwedo?AIfitrainsB.ShoulditrainC.WoulditrainD.WereitrainingACB III表示过去情况的虚拟语气条件句从句　主句wouldhaddonecould+havedoneshouldmight1IfIhadlefthomeearlierthismorning,Icouldn’thavemissedtheplane.2Youwouldn’thavecaughtacoldifyouhadputonmoreclothesyesterday.3Ifwehadmadeenoughpreparations,wemighthavesucceeded. 注：在这一类型的条件虚拟语气中，从句全都可以省略if，把had提到主语前面构成倒装句．1IfIhadlefthomeearlierthismorning,Icouldn’thavemissedtheplane.=>HadIlefthome…,Icouldn’thavemissed…2Youwouldn’thavecaughtacoldifyouhadputonmoreclothesyesterday.=>Hadyouputon…,youwouldn’thave…3Ifwehadmadeenoughpreparations,wemighthavesucceeded.=>Hadwemadeenough…,wemighthave… 1Ifyou______thedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhaverecognizedalready.AfollowedBwouldfollowCfollowDhadfollowed2Ifmylawyer____herelastSaturday,he____mefromgoing.Ahadbeen,wouldhavepreventedBhadbeen,wouldpreventCwere,wouldpreventDwere,wouldhaveprevented3I______ifshe______me.Awouldhaveoverslept,didn’tcallBwouldhaveoverslept,hadn’tcalledCoverslept,hadn"tcalledDwouldoverslept,didn’tcallDAB 4----Ifhe________,he________thatfood.----Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.Awaswarned,wouldnottakeBhadbeenwarned,wouldnothavetakenCwouldbewarned,hadnottakenDwouldhavebeenwarned,hadnottaken5She____tothepartyifshe____invitedlastnight.Awouldhavegone,hadbeenBwouldgo,wasCwouldhavegone,wasDhasgone,isBA if条件虚拟的特殊用法---错综时间条件句有时条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这时，主从句的动词形式要根不同的时间来确定．1IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavecomeherelastnight.2IfIhadknownwhathappened,Iwouldn’tbeherenow.3Ifyouwereinbetterhealth,wewouldhaveinvitedyouasourguestspeaker. 2.N.clauses-Should虚拟语气Isuggest,order,command,demand,request,require,desire,insist,propose,ask等动词后面的宾语从句中要求用should+动词原形,should可省略．1Iproposethatadeadline(should)besetforhandingintheplans.2Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendadelegationtotheircountry.3HeinsistedthatthemoneybesenttotheRedCross.4Isuggestedwesetoffrightnow. IIItisdesired/suggested/requested/ordered/required/demanded/decidedthat.../Itwasproposedthat...that从句中要用should+动词原形．1Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.2ItissuggestedthatthemeetingbedelayedtillnextMonday.3ItwasproposedthatMrSmithgiveaperformanceattheparty. IIIsuggestion,proposal,order等后面的表语从句和同位语从句中要用should+动词原形．1Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.2Theorderthatallthestudents(should)gotothemeetingroomhasbeencancelled.IVItisnecessary/important/impossiblethat…从句中要求用should+动词原形.It"snecessary/importantthateverypartymember(should)taketheleadandworkwell. 3.常见的要求使用虚拟语气的特殊动词,词组,句型。abouttimeIIt’s+time+that+主语+should+Vhightimedid1It’sabouttimethatyou____yourstore.AcloseBclosedChaveclosedDhadclosed2It’shightimethathe____tothinkhowtodealwiththemoney.AwouldbeginBbeganCbeginDwillbeginBB IIwish的宾语从句中用did表现在wish的宾语从句中用haddone表过去wish的宾语从句中用could/would/might+动词原形　　　　　　　　　表将来1-----Doyouhaveatypewriter?-----No,butIwishI____.AhaveBhadCdoDhadhad2IwishI____mytimewhenIwasyoung.Adidn’twasteBshouldn"thavewasteChadn’twasteDwouldn"thavewastedBC 3Iwishwe____withmybrotherwhenhefliestoEnglandnextweek.AcouldgoBhadgoneCwillgoDaregoingIIIwouldrather在虚拟语气中的用法did表现在或将来wouldrather+that从句中haddone表过去1Iwouldrather(that)theycametomorrow.2IcouldgomyselfbutIwouldratheryoudid.3Iwouldratheryouhadn’tsaidthattoher.A IVasif(though)引起的从句中可用虚拟语气,也可用陈述语气did表现在haddone表过去could/would/might+动词原形表将来1Theylookratherpuzzled,asif/thoughtheydidn’tknow.表现在2Youlookasif/thoughyouhadseenaghost.表过去3Heisveryhappyasif/thoughhecouldwinthegame.表将来 V含蓄条件虚拟：虚拟的情况由上下文表现出来1Whatif….?(如果该怎麽办)---Hewillsurelycometohelpus.---Whatifhedidnotcome?2Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.3Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecometotheball.4Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedit.5Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewastoobusy. Exercises 1IadvisedthatSister___atherdeskallday.Amustn’tBnotreadCdoesn’treadDneedn’tread2ThesituationrequiredthatChina___itsdoortotheoutsideworld.AmustopenBshouldopenChavetoopenDhastoopen3I__youamorevaluablepresentforyourbirthday.Iwasshortofmoneyatthattime.AmusthavebroughtBwouldhaveboughtChadboughtDwouldbuyBBB 4--Doyouwanthimtolendyousomemoney?--Iwishhe__________.AhadBdidCwouldDshould5__hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.AWouldBShouldC.ShallD.If6Itwasrequiredthateachstudent__enoughfoodonthetrip.AhadbetterbringBwouldbringCbroughtDbring7Shedidn’tcomeyesterday,oryou___him.AhadseenBmighthaveseenCweretoseeDwouldseeCBDB 8__you__lastWednesday,youmightknowitwell.AWere,tocomeB.If,cameC.Had,comeD.Did,come9Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI___thesportsmeet.AwouldhavetakenpartinBtookpartinChadtakenpartinDwouldtakepartinCA 10Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe___afewbooksonworldhistory.Adidn’treadBwouldn’treadChaven’treadDhadn’tread11Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.AbreaksBhasbrokenCwerebrokenDhadbeenbroken12----Whydidn’tyouhelphim?----I___,butIdidn’thavethemoney.AwouldBwouldhaveCamgoingtoDhadDCB 13Iwouldrathershe__withherfriendsthatalone.AtravelontrainBtraveledbytrainCtravelsbytrainDtravellingbythetrain14IwouldhaveinvitedhertothepartybutI___herwell.Adon"tknowBdidn’tknowChadn’tknownDhaven’tknown15Itwasorderedthatnosmoking__inthelibrary.AwasallowedBbeallowedCwouldbeallowedDhadbeenallowedBBB 16Wouldyouhavestayedwithher___?AhadsheaskedBifsheaskedCifsheshouldaskDshouldsheask17___here,hewouldattendthelecture.AHadhebeenBIfhewereCWereheDWashe18Withoutelectricity,what__________?AwilltheworldbelikeBwouldtheworldbelikeCtheworldwouldbelikeDtheworldwillbelikeAAC