2017高考英语语法填空讲义 4页

教学目标语法填空答题技巧教学难点重点第一课时语法填空技巧第二课时真题训练第一课时复习词形词性教学内容及板书高考英语语法填空答题技巧   语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题型设计分三种情况：   一、纯空格试题的解题技巧    纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。   首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。   例1：Ican’tsendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and__1__getstherealmostinasecond.   技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。   例2：Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynastywasveryanxioustohelp___2___ricecropgrowupquickly.   技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。   例3：…whoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme___3___aguestintheirhouse.   技巧4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。   例4：…twoworld-famousartists,PabloPicasso   4  CabdidoPoitinari,whichareworthmillionsofdollars.   技巧5：若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。   例5：ThegreatestmagicianofalltimewasHarryHoudini___5_diedin1926.   例6：Hewasverytiredafterdoingthusfoeawholeday,___6___hefeltveryhappy.   技巧6:由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。   (1)由it is…that…强调结构的形式，判断it还是that。判断方法：去掉it is…that…结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。   (2)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.   例7：…and___7__wasonlyafterIheardshebecomesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精).    例8：…as___8__tookthemjustthreeminutestostealpaintingsbytwowords-famousartists..   例9：Datingsitesalsomakes___9__easytoavoidsomeonewhomyouarenotinterestedin.    (3)在倒装句式中通常填only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not…until等词。   例10：__10___withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.    (4)so/such…that…句型   例11：Thismadethegoatsojealous___11___itbeganplottingagainstthedonkey.    (5)more…than…(与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。   例12：Cynthia’sstoryshowsvividlythatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares___12____howmuchhepays.   二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧   首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。   例13：WhenIdie,I  13  (give)everythingtoyou.   例14：ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,14__(close)mybookandwalkedaway.   例15：InLoganmthreepeople_15_(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.   例16：Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften  16  (result)thecontrarytoourintention.   例17：Now,Valentine’sDayis  17 (celebrate)inmanycountriesaroundtheworld.   技巧8:若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有：   (1)作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。   例18：…butitisnotenoughonly_18_(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.   例19： 19_(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary…   (2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。   例20：_20_(complete)theprojectasplaned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.   (3)作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed）。   例21：Hesawthestone,__21_(say)tohimself:“thenightwillbeverydark.”   例22：Theheadmasterwentintothelab,_22_(follow)bytheforeignguests.   技巧9:动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。   例23：Thereare  23   (comfort)feelingsoftenasanykindofphysicalpain.   例24：TheyenteredtheCreditLyonnaisbranchusingbuilding 24  (equip)todigholes   例25：Thesepeoplehavemadegreat_25 (contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.   三、词类转换题的解题技巧    这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下三种。   技巧10:作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。   例26：Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell_26_(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.   例27：Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents_27_(interest)inthe subject.   技巧11:修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。   例28：AsIlooked_28 (close)atthisgirl,Ifoundthat…   例29：29 (fortune),theguestescapedunharmed.   技巧12:有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,im-,in-等，在词根后加-less等。   例30：Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeis_30_(use).例31：Yourmistakecausedalotof_31_(necessary)workintheoffice.   技巧13:括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。   例32：Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould…hejumpedeven_32_(hard)andnearlymadehimselfout.   例33：The_33_(bad)damagewasreportedinthetownsofLoganandClovis,whichareabout80milesapart,policesaid.   例34：…,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow” 34 (high)   以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括，在做语法填空题时，还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。语法填空：语篇练习2017新课标ITherehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（医学界）61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.2017新课标IIIn1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible__61__(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand___62__world.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,____63___(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover___64___top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines___65__(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen___66__(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing___67__everyday.Later,engineers____68___(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道）,whichbecameknowntothetube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe___69___(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost___70___(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic. 2016新课标IChengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop____61_(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I_____62_(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe__63___(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.　Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback____64__mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____65_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__66___(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude____67_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby_____68_(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__69__(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,__70____otheriswithmum---sheneversuspects.2016新课标IIIfyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof41(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof42(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused44ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive45possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent46(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks47(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor48while,exercising,ordongsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely49(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,50(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.2015新课标IYangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI__61__(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours__62__,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with__63_(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_64__arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_65__(painting).Instead,I‘dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway__66_carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo__67__(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_68__(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit_69__(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_70__(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.