2013高考总复习英语语法专项训练(八) 74页

语法专项训练(八)——情态动词和虚拟语气 考点一　情态动词1．表示推测语法精讲 疑问推测:在疑问句中,一般用can或could,表示“可能”.【注意】若是对过去发生的或者已经发生的事进行推测,后接“have＋过去分词.” 用适当的情态动词填空(1)—Thelightsoftheclassroomarestillon,who_____________itbe?—It______beJenny.Shealwaysleavessolate.—Oh,no；it______notbeJennybecauseIsawherinthelibraryjustnow.can/couldmustcan 解析:第一空填can/could,因为在疑问句中表示猜测一般只能用can或could；第二空填must,因为在肯定句中表示有把握的猜测,意为“一定”,用must；第三空填can,因为表示有把握的否定猜测,意为“不可能”,用can’t. (2)Ihavelostoneofmygloves.I________havedroppeditsomewhere.解析:must表示有把握的肯定猜测,这里是对已发生的事进行推测,后面接的是完成式(havedropped).must 2．征询意见(1)表示“可以”,按语气由强到弱依次有can,could,may,might等.【注意】表示允许别人做某事,不能用could,might.(2)Will/Wouldyou...？请你做……好吗？ (3)ShallI/we...？我/我们可以做……吗？【注意】对ShallI．..？的肯定回答可用must.(4)MustI/you/he...？我/你/他必须做……吗？ 【注意】表示“不必”用needn’t/don’thaveto.(5)NeedI/you/he...？我/你/他需要做……吗？【注意】肯定回答用must. 【考点链接】根据要求完成句子(1)—ShallIcleantheclassroomagain？(肯定回答)—________________.(2)—MustIhandinmycompositiontoday？(否定回答)—________________.Yes,youmustNo,youneedn’t (3)—MightIhavetalkwithyouthisevening？(肯定回答)—___________________.(4)—NeedIgowithyoutotheoffice？(肯定回答)—________________.Yes,youcan/mayYes,youmust 3．情态动词的完成式(1)表示对过去情况的推测①may/mighthavedone可能(已经)做了②musthavedone一定(已经)做了③can/couldhavedone可能(已经)做了(否定句或疑问句) Thegroundisratherwet,soitmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit？地面很潮湿.昨夜一定下了雨是吧？(推测)(2)表示轻微的责备或后悔①should/oughttohavedone本应该做某事(但事实上却没做) ②needn’thavedone本不必做某事(但事实上却做了)③might/couldhavedone本可以做某事(但事实上却没做)④wouldratherhavedone本想做某事(但事实上却没做) IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenIshouldhavestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.我真的后悔浪费那些本该用于学习的时间,但为时已晚.(后悔) 【注意】表示轻微的责备或后悔不可用can或may.【考点链接】用合适的情态动词及括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)—Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.—Oh,he______________(be)averysmartboythen.解析:表示对过去情况的肯定推测.musthavebeen (2)Thegroundisverydry,soit_________________________(rain)lastnight.解析:表示对过去情况的否定推测.can’t/couldn’thaverained (3)Yourhomeisnotfarfromyourschool,soyou________________(leave)insuchahurrythen.解析:表示轻微的责备,“本不必……”.needn’thaveleft (4)I_______________________(come)tohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthattime.解析:句意:我本想来帮助你的,但是我当时太忙了.wouldratherhavecome (5)Mr.White____________________(arrive)at8∶00forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.解析:表示轻微的责备,“本应该……”.shouldhavearrived 4．双重特性的情态动词need和dare既可用作情态动词又可用作实义动词,使用时需加注意:(1)need需要.作情态动词时只用于疑问句和否定句,并遵照情态动词的用法,即后面跟动词原形,疑问句把need直接提到主语前,否定句直接在need后加not； 而need用作实义动词时,可用于疑问句、否定句和肯定句中,构成疑问句、否定句时要用助动词do.Youneednotworryaboutyoursalary.＝Youdonotneedtoworryaboutyoursalary. 你不必担心你的薪水问题.(前者是用作情态动词,后者用作实义动词)need作实义动词表示“需要做某事”时,动词句型是:needtodosth.,且need有人称和时态的变化；need作情态动词没有人称和数的变化. (2)dare(敢,敢于)的用法与need基本相同.不同的是dare作实义动词时,后面的to常被省略,尤其是在否定句或疑问句中；dare作情态动词时可以有过去式. 【注意】实义动词need作“需要”解时,可接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义.Yourshoesneedcleaning(＝tobecleaned)．你的鞋需要擦了.(need也可用want,require代替) 【考点链接】判断下列句子的正误,并将错误的句子改正过来(1)Whosayshedarenotdoit.()解析:dare后直接用not构成否定,是情态动词,本身没有时态、人称的变化,后接动词原形,故正确.正确 (2)Thegirldoesn’tdaregooutatnight.()解析:由doesn’tdare可知,dare是实义动词,其后本应接todosth.,但在疑问句或否定句中to可以省略,故正确.正确 (3)Howdareyousaythattome？()解析:因将dare调到主语前构成疑问句,dare是情态动词,后接原形,故正确.正确 (4)Youdon’tneeddoitatonce.()解析:由don’tneed可知,need是实义动词,其后应当接todo,句中少了to,故错误.错误　在need后加上to (5)Heneedsgowithyou.()解析:由needs有人称和数的变化可知,它是实义动词,应接todo,句中少了to,故错误.错误　在needs后加上to 考点二　虚拟语气1．虚拟语气的分类虚拟语气是英文中特殊的语言现象,主要用于表达与事实相反的陈述,常表达强烈愿望、遗憾、感慨、后悔、责备、委婉、规劝等语义,可大致分为三类. 类型例句(1)与现在的事实相反基本形式:If＋were/did,would/could/should/might＋doIfIwereabird,Iwouldflytothesky. 类型例句(2)与过去的事实相反基本形式:If＋haddone,would/could/should/might＋havedoneIfshehadbeenwarnedearlier,shewouldn’thavebrokentherules.此种虚拟可倒装,如:Hadtheletterbeensentout,itwouldhaveruinedourfriendship.＝Iftheletterhadbeensentout,itwouldhaveruinedourfriendship.Ifhehadn’tinsistedonit,Iwouldhavestayedathomewatchingmyfavoriteprogram. 类型例句(3)与将来的事实相反基本形式:would/could/should/might＋do.weretodo(可能性极小),意思类似汉语中的“万一”.Ifitshouldsnowthisafternoon,wecouldmakeasnowman.(事实上不大可能会下雪)此种虚拟可倒装,如:Shouldmycarfail,Iwouldhavetoreturnhomeonfoot.＝Ifmycarshouldfail,Iwouldhavetoreturnhomeonfoot. 2．虚拟语气的用法用法例句(1)用在条件句中如果条件从句中包含有were,had,should或could,有时可把if省略,省略时要把were,had,should或could放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少使用).(1)Hadwemade(＝Ifwehadmade)adequatepreparations,wemighthavesucceeded.(2)Weretherenogravity,therewouldbenoairaroundus.(3)Shoulditraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff. 用法例句(2)用在含蓄条件句中句子中,假设的情况不用条件从句表示出来,而是用一个介词短语来表示.这种用法也常见于or,orelse,otherwise和but后面的分句中.(1)Withoutmusictheworldwouldbeadullplace.(2)Butforyourhelp,wewouldhavefailed.(3)Shewouldhavegonewithus,butshedidn’thavetime.(4)Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhewouldhavebeenherethen. 用法例句(3)用在错综时间条件句中有时候,条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时,谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整,这种句子可称作错综时间条件句.(1)Ifyouhadn’twatchedtelevisionsolate,youwouldn’tbesosleepynow.(此句为时间交错的虚拟条件句,从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,主句则表示与现在情况相反的假设)(2)Ifyouwereinbetterhealth,wewouldhaveallowedyoutojointheminthework.(从句表示与现在事实相反的假设,主句则表示一种与过去事实相反的设想) 用法例句(4)用在wish后的宾语从句中这种句子主要表示愿望,that常省略.若指过去没有实现的愿望,从句用过去完成时；若指现在或将来的愿望,从句用过去时.(1)IwishIhadlearnedtoplaychess.(与过去事实相反)(2)IwishIrememberedhisaddress.(与现在事实相反)(3)Iwishhewouldtryagain.(对将来没有把握实现的愿望) 用法例句(5)用在ifonly感叹句中当表示“但愿”,“要是……就好”时,它的用法和wish基本相同,只是更富有感情色彩,表示一时很难实现的愿望.IfonlyIknewwhatyouwanted. 用法例句(6)用在以asif(asthough)引导的方式状语从句中当表示过去想象中的动作或情况时,用过去完成时；当表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时,用一般过去时.(1)Theoldcouplelovedtheorphangirlasifshehadbeentheirdaughter.(2)Itseemsasifitwerespring. 3.用固定的情态动词表示虚拟语气形式(1)should＋动词原形(有时省略should)①用在动词如advise,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,urge等后的宾语从句中.②用在itissuggested,itisdesired,itisrequired,itwasordered,itwasproposed,ithasbeendecided,itisnecessary(essential,imperative,important,desirable)that等引导的主语从句中.③用在suggestion,motion,proposal,order,recommendation,plan,idea,requirement等引导的表语从句和同位语从句中. 例句(1)Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendadelegationtotheircountry.Sheurgedthathewriteandacceptthepost.(2)Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.Itisnecessarythattheteacher(should)haveathoroughknowledgeofthesubjectheteaches.(3)Heissuedtheorderthattheworkbedoneatonce. 形式例句(2)用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中Itishightimethatwehadtodosomethingwithit！(3)用在表示祝愿的简单句中Mayyoubehappy.Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.Longliveworldpeace！ Ⅰ.单句填空用适当的情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空1．(2011·高考大纲全国卷改编)Ifyou___________smoke,pleasegooutside.提升演练must 解析:句意:如果你一定要吸烟,请到外面去.ifyoumustdosth.“如果你一定要做某事”(表示虽不赞同,但允许),为习惯用语. 2．(2011·高考重庆卷改编)—Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?—Iwantedto,butmymomsimply____________notletmeoutsolateatnight.would 解析:句意:“昨天晚上你为什么不来参加西蒙的晚会呢？”“我想来,但是我母亲就是不愿意让我在晚上那么晚出去.”would愿意.答语中“我想来”,用but表转折,在此表明母亲的态度:不愿意我晚上那么晚出去.故此处应选would,与not连用,表示“不愿意”. 3．(2012·山东潍坊质检)—They__________havepreparedforthemeetingmorecarefully.—Buttheydidn’tWhatapity!oughtto 4．(2011·高考天津卷改编)I_________________soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.解析:句意:我本该早点儿来的,但我不知道当时他们正在等我.根据后面一句话的意思可反推出说话人觉得wouldhavecome 自己当时应该早点到,但实际上过去并未这么做.wouldhavedonesth.表示“过去本来会做某事”,暗含的意思是过去并未做到,符合该处的语意. 5．(2011·高考浙江卷改编)—How’syournewbabysitter?—We___________askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.解析:句意:“你们的新保姆怎么样？”“我们找不到更好的了,我们所有的孩子都那么喜欢她.”couldn’t表示“不可能”.couldn’t 6．(2011·高考辽宁卷改编)Ifyou________go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.解析:句意:如果你一定要走,至少也要等暴风雨停了再走.must表示“一定,必须”符合语境.其他选项语气较弱,均不符合句子中有暴风雨却必须要走的语气.must 7．(2011·高考福建卷改编)—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?—Iamafraidyou________,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.must 解析:句意:“我现在就通知他时间安排的变化吗？”“恐怕你必须告诉他,以防他开会迟到.”must必须,语气较强；由语境“时间安排发生了变化”和“万一他开会迟到”可知,此处语气较强,意为“必须现在告诉他”,故用must. 8．(2011·高考北京卷改编)—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.He______________come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.mightnot 解析:句意:“我不太喜欢詹姆斯.你为什么邀请了他？”“别担心.他或许不来,他说他对他的安排不确定.”根据答语“Don’tworry.”可知,此处应该表示“或许不来”. 9．(2011·高考湖南卷改编)—Noone________becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.—Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.解析:句意:“在打篮球方面,没有人能够与姚明相比.”“哦,你真是他的铁杆球迷.”can能够.can 10．(2011·高考陕西卷改编)—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?—OK.You________haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.shall 解析:句意:“妈妈,你能给我读个故事吗？”“好的.如果你尽快上床睡觉你就会听到一个故事.”shall用于二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁等.此处shall表示“允诺”. 11．(2011·高考福建卷改编)—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—I___________________it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.(attend)wouldhaveattended 解析:句意:“你错过了关于核污染的讲座真是遗憾.”“我本想去听的,但我忙着准备工作面试.”由语境可知,此处表示“本想去而事实上没去”,为虚拟语气.叙述与过去事实相反的情况要用wouldhavedone. 12．(2012·辽宁沈阳模拟)________anyonephone,tellthemI’minconference.解析:句意:万一有人打电话来,告诉他们我在开会.这里should“(表示可能)万一,假如”.should 13．(2011·高考陕西卷改编)I___________________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(go)解析:句意:没有你的慷慨帮忙,我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子.从withoutyourgeneroushelp可知,此处考查的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气.couldn’thavegone 14．(2011·高考江西卷改编)We_________________John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.(put)wouldhaveput 解析:句意:要不是约翰最近受伤了,我们昨天就把他的名字填在比赛名单里了.句中butfor意为“要不是”,表示与过去事实相反的假设,故只能用wouldhavedone结构. 15．Butfortheirhelp,we__________________________theprogramintime.(finish)解析:句意:如果不是他们的帮助,我们不可能按时完成那个项目.根据句意可知,这里表达的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气.couldnothavefinished Ⅱ.语篇填空用适当的情态动词完成下面的短文MissFang1.__________(not)readforverylongwithoutgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe2.________gototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor.couldn’tshould “You3.________seeadoctorassoonaspossible,”shesaid,“You4._________needglasses.”WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor5._________seeherat3∶30.shouldmightcould MissFangrepliedthatshe6._________notbeabletobethereat3∶30becauseshehadaclassthen.“Thedoctor7.____________takeyouatabouttentofour,”theappointmentclerksuggested.“8.________Iputyoudownfortentofour,wouldmightShall or9.________yourathercometomorrow？”MissFangthoughtshe10._________(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteacher11.____________(not)beunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearly,wouldshouldn’tshouldn’t ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,“IthinkI12.______makeitattentofour.”MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedtheteacher,“13.____________Ileaveat3∶45today?I14.____________haveaneyeexamination.”canMay/Canmust Asexpected,theteachersaid,“Yes,ofcourseyou15.____________.”can 本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放