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2010高考英语《语法》专题复习系列课件
24《主谓“三”一致》
主谓一致练习历年高考题例题
(4)用and连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。语法一致Noteacherandnostudentisintheclassroom.Everypenandeverybook_____________(lay)onthedeskalready.hasbeenlaid
语法一致(5)eachof+复数代词,谓语动用单数。复数代词+each,谓语动词用复数。如
语法一致
语法一致
语法一致
语法一致
语法一致
内容一致
内容一致
内容一致
内容一致
内容一致quitea
就近一致
就近一致
ExampleE-mail,aswellastelephones,____animportantpartindailycommunication.(99上海2)A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play答案及分析答案是A。当有aswellas引导时,谓语与第一个主语一致,既与E-mail单数一致,故选A.
Multiplechoice:1.Onthewall______twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging(C85)2.“Newsofvictories_____pouringinasourarmyadvances,”thecompanycommandersaid.A.keepB.keepsC.keptD.havekept(C85)3.There_____alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has(C86)4.Zhang’sfamily____ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.A.isB.areC.beingD.was(C85)5.NobodybutJaneandMary____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown(C86)
Multiplechoice:6.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were(C87NO.45)7.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered(C90NO.20)8.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary__tiredofhavingoneexamafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be(C89NO.27)9.Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were(C96NO.14)10.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided
1.两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接,谓语用复数.TomandDick_______(be)goodfriends.但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。Asingeranddancer______(be)presentattheparty.Theworkerandwriter___(be)talkingtothestudents.Breadandbutter________(taste)good.(aneedleandthread,ahorseandcart,awatchandchain,acoatandtie,truthandhonesty,medicalhelpandcure)arewasistastes
2.用and连接的两个名词若被no,each,every,manya修饰,则谓语动词用单数。Nobirdandnobeast______(be)seeninthebareisland.Manyaboyandmanyagirl______(have)madesuchafunnyexperiment.AtChristmaseachboyandeachgirl_____(be)givenapresent.ishasis
13.两个主语由notonly…butalso,or,either…or,neither…nor等连接时,谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致.EitherheorI_____(be)togothere.______(be)eitheryouorhegoingtoattendthemeeting?amAre
4.主语后有aswellas,like,with,togetherwith,but,except,besides,等,谓语应于前面主语保持一致.Aprofessor,togetherwithsomestudents,_____(be)senttohelpinthework.Noonebuttheteachers_____(be)allowedtousetheroom.wasis
5.一些集合名词做主语,如果看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;如果指其中的成员,谓语用复数.如audience,committee,class(班级),crew(全体船员或机组人员),family,government,public(公众)等,但people,police,cattle等只能用复数.Myfamily_____(be)abigfamily.Myfamily_____(be)listeningtotheradio.Thepolice____(be)tryingtocatchthethief.isareare
6.通常作复数的集体名词有些集体名词,如police,people,cattle,militia,poultry(家禽),)等,通常作复数,用复数动词。例如:Domesticcattle______(provide)uswithmilk,beefandhides.provide
7.通常作不可数名词的集体名词有一些集体名词,如machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise(商品),clothing通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。例如:Themerchandise_____(have)arrivedundamaged.Allthemachineryinthefactory____(be)madeinChina.hasis
8.表示时间、重量、长度等名词,尽管是复数形式,但作为一个整体看,谓语还是用单数。Fiveminutes______(be)enough.Onedollarandseventyeightcents_____(be)whatshehas.isis
9.all作为主语,代表人物时,一般用作复数;代表整个事件或情况时,一般看作单数。AllthatIwant_____(be)agooddictionary.All______(be)silent.人人都缄口无言。万籁俱寂。All______(be)outofdanger.iswerewere
10.形容词加定冠词the表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数。Whatalifethepoorwereliving!Theyoungarehappytogivetheirseatstotheold.
11.who,which,that作定语从句的主语时,其谓语取决于先行词。Thosewhowanttogoshouldsignyournameshere.Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.
12.以-ics结尾的学科名称某些以-ics结尾的学科名称,如physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学)athlet-ics(体育学)、等,通常作单数用。例如:
13.其他以-s结尾的名词英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾,如scissors(剪子),pincers(钳子),glasses(眼镜),shorts(短裤),trousers(裤子),suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词,如果不带"一把"、"一副"、"一条"等单位词而单独使用,通常作复数。例如:如果带有单位词,则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。例如:Onepairofscissorsisn"tenough.
14.以-s结尾的地理名称某些以-s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations,theNetherlands等,尽管带有复数词尾,但系单一政治实体,故作单数用。但若不是国名,而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称、通常作复数用。例如:TheWestIndies,apartfromtheBahamas,arecommonlydividedintotwoparts.TheHimalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)haveamagnificentvarietyofplantandanimallife.TheStraitsofGibraltarhavenotlosttheirstrategicimportance.
15.英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词,如:arms(武器),clothes(衣服),contents(内容,目录)fireworks(烟火),goods(货物),minutes(记录),morals(道德,品行),remains(遗体),stairs(楼梯),suburbs(郊区),thanks(谢意),wages(工资)等,通常作复数。
16.凡是由-ings结尾的名词,如:clippings(剪下来的东西),diggings(掘出的东西),earnings(收入),filings(锉屑),lodgings(租住的房屋),surroundings(环境),sweepings(扫拢的垃圾)等,通常作复数用。例如:Theclippingsofthehedgesareusuallyburnt.Thesweepingsofthegodown(仓库)havebeendisposedof.
17.还有一些以-s接的单、复数同形的名词,如:headquarters(总部),means(方法、手段),series(系列),species(种类),works(工厂)等,随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数,还是用作复数。例如:Aheadquarterswassetuptodirecttheoperation(指挥作战).TheirheadquartersareinParis.Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms(诉诸武力).
18.remains用于"遗体"意义时,随后的动词通常作复数:Hisremainslieinthechurchyard.Themartyr"sremainswereburiedatthefootofthehill.但作"遗迹"或"剩余物"解释时,可作复数或单数用:Hereistheremainsofatemple.Theremainsofthemealwere/wasfedtothedog.
19.如果作主语的名词词组由“分数(或百分数)+of-词组”构成,其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。例如:Twothirdsoftheswampland(沼泽地)_____(have)beenreclaimed(开垦).Oversixtypercentofthecity____(be)destroyedinthewar.Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctors______(be)women.haswaswere
20.如果主语是allof...,someof...,noneof...,halfof...,mostof...等表示非确定数量的名词词组,其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。例如:Mostofthemoney_____recoveredbyDeputyPlayer.Mostofthemembers______there.Allofthecargo______lost.Allofthecrew______saved.waswerewaswere
21.两数相减或相除,动词用单数;两数相加或相乘,动词可用单数,也可用复数。例如:Fortyminusfifteen(40-15)leavestwenty-five.Fortydividedbyeight(40/8)isfive.Sevenandfive(7+5)makes/maketwelve.Fivetimeseight(5+8)is/areforty.
22.如果主语是由“akind/sort/typeof,thiskind/sort/typeof+名词”构成,动词用单数。例如:Thiskindofmanannoysme.但若在kind/sort/type之前的限定词是these/those,同时,of-词组中的名词又是复数,则动词用复数:Thesekindsofmenannoyme.Thosetypes/sortsofmachinesareuptodate.
23.如果主语是由“manya+名词”或“morethanone+名词”构成,其意义虽属多数,但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则,用单数。例如:Manyamanhasdonehisduty.Morethanonegamewaslost.
24.1)由who,why,how,whether等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语,其后的动词通常用单数。2).两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语,如果主语表示两件事情,动词用复数。例如:Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforitremainamysterytous.3).以what-分句作主语的SVC结构在以what-分句作主语的SVC结构中,主句补语是复数名词,如果主句谓语动词可用复数。
25.1).在“oneof+复数名词+关系分句”结构中,关系分句动词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。例如:Joanisoneofthosepeoplewhogooutofthierwaytobehelpful.2).在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有theonly等限定词和强调词时,关系分句动词形式依one而定,用单数。例如:Selfishnessistheoneofhermanyfaultswhichdefeatsitself.
goodbye