情境下的初中英语语法教学与词汇教学 70页

比赛：穿越玉米地，比什么？速度效果：掰了多少玉米？体验：是否安全，愉快？ 盐与汤观念与案例知识与情境 情境之于知识，犹如汤之于盐，盐需要融入汤中才能被吸收，知识也需要融入情境之中，才能显示出活力和美感，才容易被学生理解、消化、吸收。---余文森 一、情境教学的概念二、情境教学的意义三、情境创设的原则四、情境教学的理论依据五、教学情境的主要类型六、情境下的初中英语词汇教学七、情境下的初中英语语法教学 一、情境教学的概念情境教学是从情与境、情与辞、情与理、情与全面发展的辩证关系出发，创设典型的场景，激起儿童热烈的情绪，把情感活动和认知活动结合起来的一种教学模式。---李吉林 在教学中引入具体形象的情境，让学生在具体情境的启发下，轻松愉快地学习。---金屏 二、情境教学的意义 《英语课程标准》面向全体学生，关注学生情感。突出学生主体，尊重个体差异。采用活动途径，倡导体验参与。开发课程资源，拓展学用渠道。 五维目标语言技能语言知识情感态度学习策略文化意识 三维目标知识技能目标。过程与方法目标。情感态度与价值观。 当学生精神不振时，你能否使他们振作?当学生过度兴奋时，你能否使他们归于平静?当学生茫无头绪时，你能否给他们以启迪?当学生没有信心时，你能否唤起他们的力量?----叶澜 学生心目中的理想课堂理想的课堂是以学生的思维和拓展为中心的课堂，而不是老师口若悬河的一言堂。为使课堂的效果及质量至最高境界，希望老师采用启发式的教育方式，给予学生展示自我的机会。同时，我们更喜欢以故事和联想式记忆吸收和记忆定理和规则，而不是死记硬背，毕竟那样在扼杀想象力的同时，知识并没有牢牢锁入我们记忆的深处。---邓明铭同学 我心中理想的英语课堂是在充满快乐的气氛中进行的，教学形式新颖，吸引学生，能让学生带着兴趣去学，乐意去学。老师授课时充满激情，并能创设有意义的情境，让我们在师生互动与生生互动中进行真实的有意义的交流。---曹格瑞同学 Oneday,MsLiwaswearingaredblouseandshewasteachingus“CareerCorner:Peanuts”.Shepretendedtobeabotanistandsaid:“Hemphouse,redcurtains,insidelivingawhitefat.What’sthat?”Atfirst,wethoughtshewasonlygivingusariddle,thenwerealizedhowfunnyitwas.MsLiwasjustlikea“peanut”.Wealllaughedtogether.OurEnglishclassisalwaysfullofhappiness.---Peter5B Tellme,Iforget.Teachme,Iknow.Involveme,Ilearn.--BenjaminFranklin 意义：情境能够激发学生的学习热情，唤起学生的求知欲望。情境就是一座桥梁，它用一种直观的方式，把抽象、理性的东西变得形象和感性，使学习和理解变得容易和有趣。 二、情境创设的原则目标性与针对性—符合教学目标,并以学生为主体2.生活性与情感性—源于生活，并有真情实感3.趣味性与启发性—激发学生兴趣，启发学生思考 4.真实性与交际性—真实而有意义，促进学生交际5.层次性与延展性—促进学生思维，又能在教学中自然延伸6.预设性与生成性—预设与生成相结合 三、情境教学的理论依据1.认识的直观原理捷克教育家夸美纽斯说：“一切知识都是从感官开始的。”直观可以使抽象的知识具体化、形象化，有助于学生感性认识的形成。情境教学使学生身临其境，就是通过向学生展示鲜明具体的形象，使学生从形象的感知达到抽象的理性的顿悟，并激发学生的学习情绪和学习兴趣，使学习活动成为学生主动的自觉的活动。 2.情感和认知活动相互作用的原理情绪心理学研究证明：个体的情感对认知活动至少有动力、强化、调节三方面的功能。情境教学法能在教学过程中引起学生积极的健康的情感体验，直接提高学生的学习积极性，使学习活动成为快乐的事情，情感对认知发挥了动力功能。 情感的调节功能是指情感对认知活动的组织或作用。情境教学法所创设的欢快活泼的课堂气氛，是取得优良教学效果的重要条件。 情感的强化功能是指情感对主体活动巩固或改变的功能。主体愉快的体验强化其所作所为，这叫正强化；反之则为负强化。情境教学法要在教学过程中，通过创设一定的情境，让学生拥有愉快的积极的学习情绪，这便是正强化的作用。 3.思维科学的相似原理形象是情境的主体，情境教学中的模拟要以范文中的形象和教学需要的形象为对象，情境中的形象也应和学生的知识经验相一致。 情境教学法在教学过程中引入或创设许多生动的场景，也就是为学生提供了更多的感知对象，使学生大脑中的知识单元增加，有助于学生灵感的产生，也培养了学生相似性思维的能力。 四、英语教学情境的主要类型借助实物和图片创设的教学情境借助问题创设的教学情境借助背景创设的教学情境借助故事创设的教学情境借助视频和音乐等创设的教学情境借助表演创设的教学情境…… 五、情境下的初中英语词汇教学创设情境引入生词创设情境操练生词创设情境巩固生词创设情境创造性地运用生词…… WhatweeatHowwelivefoodlifestyle 案例2：写抱怨信T:Mybestfriend’sbirthdayiscoming.Iwantedtosendheranicepresent.SoIlookedthroughthecatalogueanddecidedtobuythispurplescarfforhertomatchhernewly-boughtcoat.Iordereditinthecatalogue10daysagoandtheypromisedtosendittomeinthreedays.Iwaitedandwaited,itdidn’tcomeuntilthismorning.Ididn’tcomplainabouttheirdelay. ButwhenIopenedthemailbag,tomygreatsurpriseanddisappointment，Ifound…Doyouwanttoseewhatisinthemailbag?I’mtooangryabouttheirpoorservicetosayanything.WhatcanIdo? earthquake WordsandPhrasessurvivesincescream(run)inalldirectionswildlybetrappedfeartryone’sbest LinHaosurvived…2.Thesurvivor…survivorn.[c]survivev.survivesth. scream(out)infearscream(out)withexcitement1.Shescreamed…2.Herloudscreams…scream(out)(in/withsth.)screamv./n.[c] wildlyadv.Theyranwildly…Herheartbeatwildlywhen… sinceconj.because,asSincethemovieissofrightening,…Sinceitisnotverycoldtoday,…IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIwas7yearsold. tryone’sbesttodosth.1.Sheistryingherbestto… (run)inalldirections1.Studentsranawayinalldirections…2.Thebirdsflewinalldirections… betrappedBeingtrappedinthesnowstorm,they…Harrywastrapped… Finishthesentenceswiththehelpofthefirstlettersgiven.Asas______intheearthquake,Tomfeltverylucky.Shes________whenamaninblacksuddenlystoodinfrontofher.It’sveryhardforsomeflowerstostaya________inwinter.4.Frightenedbytheloudnoise,thechildrenlookedateachotherinf____.5.You’dbetterputonyourraincoats______itisstillraining.urvivorcreamedliveearince runinalldirections,tryone’sbest,calmdown,betrapped,screamwildlyThebaby____________assoonasshesawhermother.Fiveclimbers_____________inthemountainsfor3dayslastmonth.Thefans____________________allthetimeduringtheconcertlastnight.We________________topreventdisastersfromhappeningfromnowon.5.Thesmallanimalsintheforests____________whentheysawatigercoming.calmeddownweretrappedwerescreamingwildlywilltryourbestraninalldirections A“bitingtails”gamesurvive,wildly,since,calmdown,scream,infear,tryone’sbest,betrapped,(run)inalldirections Isitsafetorunwildlyduringanearthquake?Isitagoodideatojumpoutofthewindowifthebuildingstartstoshake?Whichpartofthebuildingisthebestparttohide?Isitsafetoridebikesordrivecarsfastduringasnowstorm? Tipstosurviveafire/asnowstorm/asandstorm/anearthquake1.2.3.4.… HomeworkMakeupastorywithatleast6ofthewordsandphraseswelearnedtodayandwriteitinyourexercisebook. aflockofsheepaflockofbirds Task3:Continuethestorywiththehelpofthefollowingwordsflock2.getbored,3.attack4.comerunning5.decidetodo…6.fun7.wolves8.soonafter9.fool10.villager11.did+do原形(强调) Makeupastorywiththefollowingwordsandphrases.Finding…,destroy,release,beseech,harm,innocent,cut…short,suffer,examine,(not)being S1:Findingthattheyplayedbasketballwithouthimyesterdayafternoon,Nickwasverysad.S2:NickbeseechedCarltotellhimwhoorganizedthatbasketballmatchwithouttellinghim.Youknow,Nickisoneofthebestbasketballplayersinourclass. S3:Carlsaidthathewasinnocentbecausehegottoknowitatthelastminuteeventhoughhewasoneoftheplayers.S4:TomcuthimshortwhenCarlwastalking.HesaidthatitwasCarlthatdecidedtohavethebasketballgamewithoutNick. S5:BecauseCarlthoughtthatNickwastooproudandhewantedtodestroyhisconfidence.S6:Beingtooangry,NickwentuptoCarlandseizedhimbythecollar.S7:“Releaseme,Ibeseechyou!”Carlcried. S8:“Ididn’tmeantoharmyou,”saidNick,“butyoushouldn’thaveliedtome.”Youhavetosufferforwhatyouhavedone.S9:“Don’tyouthinkyouneedtosufferfromyourarrogance？”shoutedCarl.“You’realwaystooproudtoyieldalittle.Youthinkyou’rethemostpowerfulboyunderthesun.” S10:Nicksighed,“Yes,IguessIamtooproud.Ishouldlearntobemodestandmorefriendlytoeverybody.Wearebornequal.Ishouldalwaysexaminemywordsandbehavior.” www.themegallery.comLOGO案例6：Unit6ReadingMurderinValleyTown MurderVictimThesceneEvidence/CluesEyewitnesses...MurdererInnocent/Guilty 六、情境下的初中英语语法教学语法导入时的情境创设语法操练时的情境创设语法运用时的情境创设 案例1：比较级教学PK1:Whichisbetter,ShanghaiorHongkong?S1:ShanghaiisbetterthanHongkongbecauseit’sbusierthanHongkong.S2:ShanghaiisbetterthanHongkongbecauseit’solderthanHongkong.S3:HongkongisbetterthanShanghaibecausethebusthereiscleanerthaninHongkong. S4:ShanghaiisbetterthanHongkongbecausetheairthereisfresherthaninHongkong.S5:HongkongisbetterthanShanghaibecausethefareischeaperinHongkongthaninShanghai.S6:HongkongisbetterthanShanghaibecausethepeopletherearemorefriendly.… 案例3：非谓语动词Lookingoutofthewindow,TomsawMr.Dongpassingby.（即时生成的例子） 案例4：强调句型教学Whogavethespeechjustnow?Whatspeechdidhe/shegaveustoday?Wheredidhe/shegivethespeechtoday?Whendidhe/shegivethespeechtous?… T:IwantedtocallSteven’smumlastnightbecauseStevendidn’tbehavewellinclass.ButIdidn’tcallherbecauseIdidn’tfindhismum’stelephonenumber.IfIhadfoundhismum’stelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledher.T:IfIhadcalledSteven’smumlastnight,shewouldhavebeenangry.案例5：虚拟语气教学 T:Ifshehadbeenangry,shewouldhavehadaserioustalkwithSteven.T:IfshehadhadaserioustalkwithSteven,whatwouldhavehappened?S1:IfshehadhadaserioustalkwithSteven,hewouldhavebeenverysad.…… 案例6：情态动词S1:Listen!Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?S2:Iguessitmaybetheheadteacher.S1:Itcan’tbeher.ShehasgonetoBeijing.S2:ThenitmustbeMr.Mao.Heiscomingtogiveushomework.… 案例7：定语从句T：播放PPTMydaughteris19yearsold.ShewasadmittedtoSmithCollegelastyear,whichmadeusveryexcited.Atschool,shehasmademanyfriends,manyofwhomarefromChina. Lookatthepicture.Thisisherclassroom,infrontofwhichtherearemanyflowers.Thatwhitehouseisarestaurantwheremydaughterworksinhersparetime.Thegirlwhoisstandingbesideherisherroommate. 一般完成进行现在一般现在时Ido...现在完成时Ihavedone…现在进行时Iamdoing…过去一般过去时Idid...过去进行时Iwasdoing…将来一般将来时Iwilldo… DoasurveyDifferentpeoplehavedifferentlifestyles.Workingroupsof4.Oneofyouwillinterviewthreeotherpeopleinyourgroupandtelluswhattheirlifestylesarelike. MakeaplanIamgoingtospend2daysinXuzhou.Ireallywanttospendsometimewithyou.Pleasemakeaplantotellmehowyouaregoingtoshowmearoundyourschooloryourcity. WriteareportAnoldmandiedathomelastnight.Apolicemanisaskinghisneighborsaboutwhattheyweredoingatthattime.Workingroupsoffourandwriteareport. GiveaspeechYouaregoingtograduatefromyourschoolinoneyear.Youarechosentogiveaspeechtotelluswhatyouhavedoneandwhatyouhaveachievedatthisschool. Thankyou!