• 60.00 KB
  • 2022-06-17 16:02:14 发布

专题06 定语从句(一)-2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析(解析版)

  • 9页
  • 当前文档由用户上传发布,收益归属用户
  1. 1、本文档共5页,可阅读全部内容。
  2. 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
  3. 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
  4. 文档侵权举报电话:19940600175。
2020年高考高考语法考点讲解与真题分析06定语从句(一)在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。考点一定语从句关系词的选择定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。关系词的选择可从两个方面入手:一是关系词在从句中所作的成分;二是先行词所指。关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时,用关系代词;关系词在从句中作状语时,用关系副词。先行词指人时,关系代词用who,whom,that,whose;先行词指物时,关系代词用which,that,whose。详见下表:关系词在从句中充当的成分先行词关系代词who主语、宾语、表语人whom宾语人which主语、宾语、表语物that主语、宾语、表语人或物whose定语人或物关系副词when状语时间where状语地点why状语原因1.关系代词who,whom,which,that引导定语从句关系代词who,whom,which,that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。1.Thelittleproblems_______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(2017北京)A.thatB.asC.whereD.when【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Thelittleproblemsmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions,从句是_______wemeetinourdailylives。从句修饰主句中的problem,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作meet的宾语,应用关系代词,故用that。2.TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.(2014安徽) A.WhenB.whereC.whyD.which【答案】D【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Theexactyearwas2008,从句是_______AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChina。从句修饰主句中的Theexactyear,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作spent的宾语,应用关系代词,故用which。3.Amongthemanydangers________sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.(2014江西)A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Amongthemanydangers,probablythegreatestofallisfog,从句是_______sailorshavetoface。从句修饰主句中的dangers,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作havetoface的宾语,应用关系代词,故用which。4.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.(2013湖南)A.whom B.who C.what D.which【答案】B【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose,从句是_______aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths。从句修饰主句中的those,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词,those指人,故用who。5.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation______youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.(2011上海)A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as【答案】A【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。关系词在定语从句中作hire的宾语,故用关系代词which。这里一定要注意关系词在从句中的作用,否则会误将station看作先行词。注意:在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语可以省略;that不能引导非限制性定语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句,可以指代一个名词或代词,也可以指代整个主句。1.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.(2018北京)A.whichB.whoC.asD.that【答案】A 【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,后面是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代词指代前面整个主句,在从句中作主语,故用which。(which指代整个主句)1.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_______showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.(2015福建)A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which【答案】C【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,后面是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代词指代前面整个主句,在从句中作主语,故用which。(which指代整个主句)2.IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,______myclassmatesrecommendedtome.(2014北京)A.whoB.whichC.whenD.where【答案】B【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,后面是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是thebook,关系词在从句中作recommended的宾语,故用which。(which指代名词book)2.关系代词whose引导定语从句关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语,既可指人,也可指物。1.Kate,_____sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.(2018天津)A.whomB.thatC.whoseD.her【答案】C【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是KatehasgonetoworkinAustralia,从句是_____sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,从句修饰Kate,是定语从句,关系词在从句中作定语,修饰sister,故用whose。2.Myeldestson,_______worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.(2017天津)A.A.thatB.whoseC.hisD.who 【答案】B【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是MyeldestsonisinNewYorkatthemoment,从句是_____worktakeshimallovertheworld,从句修饰son,是定语从句,关系词在从句中作定语,修饰work,故用whose。3.Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2016北京)A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Ilivenextdoortoacouple,从句是_____childrenoftenmakealotofnoise,从句修饰couple,是定语从句,关系词在从句中作定语,修饰children,故用whose。3.关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句关系副词替代先行词在从句中作状语,先行词指时间时,关系副词用when,指地点时用where,指原因时用why。1.Theirchildisatthestage________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(2019天津)  A.whyB.whereC.whichD.what【答案】B【解析】引导定语从句,修饰thestage,并在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。2.Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.(2019江苏)D.whichA.whatC.whenD.that【答案】C【解析】引导定语从句,修饰anage,并在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when。3.Self-driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are on the same startingline.(2018江苏)A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when【答案】B【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Self-driving is an area,从句是________China and the rest of the world are on the same startingline。从句修饰主句中的area,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where。4.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,____theweathermaybebetter. (2016天津)A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when【答案】D【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,从句是_______theweathermaybebetter。从句修饰主句中的week,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when。5.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,_______youcanhearsomelovelymusic.(2015北京)A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】D【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,从句是_______youcanhearsomelovelymusic。从句修饰主句中的St.Paul’sChurch,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where。6.Iamlookingforwardtotheday_______mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.(2014湖南)A.asB.whyC.whenD.where【答案】C【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Iamlookingforwardtotheday,从句是_______mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher。从句修饰主句中的day,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when。提示:where引导的定语从句还可修饰表示抽象空间概念的名词case(情况),situation(情形),position(位置,岗位),stage(阶段),point(地步),job(工作)等。如:1.Salesdirectorisaposition______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassales.(2012重庆)A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】D【解析】这是一个复合句,______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassales是定语从句,修饰position;关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。2.—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob?—Ifinditfunandchallenging.It’sajob__________youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.(2009北京) A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句,___________youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting是定语从句,修饰job;关系词在从句中作状语,表示“在工作中”,故用关系副词where。巩固练习1.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping. A.that B.which  C.where  D.when【答案】B【解析】关系词引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作表语,故用关系代词which。 2.Theprizewillgotothewriter______storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what【答案】B【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句,主句是Theprizewillgotothewriter,从句是______storyshowsthemostimagination。关系代词在从句中作定语,修饰story,故用关系代词whose。3.Ihavereachedapointinmylife__________Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why【答案】B【解析】关系词在从句中作状语,应用关系副词;定语从句写成一个完整的句子是Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyownatthepoint.atthepoint在句子中作地点状语,故本题应用关系副词where。4.Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose【答案】D【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。关系词在从句中作roof的定语,故用关系代词whose。5.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,_______urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what【答案】B【解析】关系词引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语,应用关系代词;先行词是people,故用who。6.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,______,ofcourse,madeothersupset.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which【答案】D【解析】这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。关系词在从句中作主语,且指整个主句,故用which。who指人,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。7.Theschoolshop,______customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where 【答案】B【解析】这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。关系词在从句中作定语,修饰customers,故用关系代词whose。8.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom【答案】C【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Finallyhereachedalonelyisland,从句是_______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld。从句修饰主句中的island,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作主语且指物,应用关系代词which。9.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor______dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that【答案】B【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。关系词在第二个从句中作diet的定语,故用关系代词whose。10.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which【答案】A【解析】这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。关系词在从句中作状语,应用关系副词;先行词aninterval指时间,故用when。11.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_____itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while【答案】C【解析】这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。关系词在从句中作状语,应用关系副词;先行词therefrigerator指地点,故用where。12.StevenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_____lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose【答案】B 【解析】这是一个复合句。that引导的宾语从句中又包含一个定语从句。关系词在从句中作状语,应用关系副词;先行词theplanet指地点,故用where。定语从句写成一个完整的句子是:Lifehasdevelopedgraduallyontheplanet.