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2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析10主谓一致高考对主谓一致的考查非常灵活,除对有关主谓一致的基本规则考查外,主要考查学生对主语的辨识能力,主要是在主语前后添加修饰语。主要有:主语前有分数、百分数或数量词修饰;主语后有各种短语,尤其是介词短语修饰;定语从句中准确辨识先行词等。考点一带有修饰语的主谓一致主语后有短语或从句修饰时,这些修饰语不影响主语的人称和数;主语前的修饰语一般情况下也不影响主语的人称和数,如:在“manya+单数名词”中,中心词是单数名词;在“morethanone+单数名词”中,中心词是单数名词。但是主语前有数量词时,谓语动词应用与数量词在数上保持一致。1.Allweneed_______asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.(2014湖南)A.areB.wasC.isD.were【答案】C【解析】根据表语asmallpieceof land可知谓语用单数,而根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时,故选C。2.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers______essentialtotheirdevelopment.(2013江苏)A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】A【解析】主语students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers的中心词是innermotivation,是单数,再由generally可知应用一般现在时。3.Allthescientificevidencethatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming______damagingourhealth.(2012湖南)A.show;areB.shows;areC.show;isD.shows;is【答案】D【解析】主句的主语evidence是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;从句主语的中心词是use,ofchemicals是介词短语修饰use,不影响主语的数,故谓语动词应用单数。4.Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplaces______thatwemayneedanationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.(2011江苏)A.suggestB.suggestsC.suggestedD.suggesting
【答案】B【解析】主语是thefact,thatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplaces是定语从句,修饰thefact,不影响主语的数,故谓语动词用单数。5.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse______atpresentinthedisasterarea.(2010陕西)A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt【答案】D【解析】that从句中的主语是house,manyanew是修饰语,所以谓语动词用单数;由atpresent可知,应用现在进行时。manyanewhouse意为“很多房子”,虽然意义上是复数,但形式上是单数,所以谓语动词要用单数。类似的还有“morethanone+单数名词”,意为“不止一个”,意义上是复数,但形式上还是单数。注意:“anumberof+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数,“thenumberof+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数。如:ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities__________risingsteadilysince1997.(2009山东)A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen【答案】C【解析】“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词要用单数;由since1997可知,应用完成时态。考点二后跟介词短语的主谓一致主语后接with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,like,suchas,besides,but,except,including,inadditionto,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan等介词或结构引起的短语时,主语不受这些短语的影响,谓语动词由主语的单复数而定。1.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,_________awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.(2019天津) A.isgivenB.aregivenC.wasgivenD.weregiven【答案】C【解析】主语是Amy,aswellasherbrothers不影响主语的数,故谓语动词用单数;由时间状语whenreturningtothevillagelastweek可知,应用一般过去时。故选C。2.Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers__________tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.(2019江苏)A.givesBhasgivenC.havegivenD.give【答案】B【解析】主语是themusician,alongwithhisbandmembers不影响主语的数,故谓语动词用单数;由时间状语inthelastthreemonths可知,应用现在完成时。故选B。
3.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,_______asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.(2017天津)A.regardB.isregardedC.areregardedD.regards【答案】B【解析】主语是sycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,不影响主语的数,故谓语动词用单数;又cycling与regard是被动关系,故用被动语态。4.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,____toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.(2013福建)A.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited【答案】B【解析】主语是Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents不影响主语的数,故谓语动词用单数;又由时间状语可知,应用一般过去时。5.TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting_______atthecultureshowofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.(2010天津)A.areexhibitingB.isexhibitingC.arebeingexhibitedD.isbeingexhibited【答案】C【解析】主语是arts,ofTianjin是介词短语做定语,likepapercutting是介词短语,不影响主语arts的数;arts和show是被动关系,故用被动语态。考点三并列主语的主谓一致并列主语的主谓一致应注意一些特殊情况。1.and连接两个单数名词作主语,如果第二个名词前没有冠词或物主代词,则表示同一人或物,谓语动词用单数;如果第二个名词前有冠词或物主代词,则表示不同的人或物,谓语动词用复数。2.“each/every+单数名词+(each/every+)单数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数。3.由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词要和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。1.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents__________toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.(2009湖南)A.areB.isC.haveD.be【答案】B【解析】either...or连接并列主语时,谓语动词要与其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。oneofyourstudents中,中心词是one,应用单数。
2.—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea__________invited.(2008陕西)A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was【答案】D【解析】“every+单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;从lastnight可知,应用一般过去时。3.Apoetandartist__________comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.(2006江苏)A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】A【解析】apoetandartist指的是同一个人,意为“一个诗人兼艺术家”,应用单数,由tomorrowafternoon可知,应用现在进行时表示将来发生的事。考点四“分数/百分数+of+名词”或某些不定代词做主语的主谓一致“分数/百分数+of+名词”做主语时,如果分数、百分数说明的是不可数名词或可数名词单数,则谓语动词用单数,如果说明的是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数。主语是all,some,any,more,most以及therest,half,part等时,如果指代不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,如果指代可数名词,则谓语动词用复数。1.One-thirdofthecountry_______coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_______blackpeople.(2011湖南)A.is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;is【答案】A【解析】“分数/百分数+of+可数名词单数/不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数;“themajorityof+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。2.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich_____savedforotherpurposes.(2011安徽)A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】D【解析】“therestof+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数,这里which指代的是therawmaterials,故用复数,再由主句是一般过去时,确定从句也用过去时,故选D。3.SuchpoetsasShakespeare______widelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,some______difficulttounderstand.(2010四川)
A.are;areB.is;isC.are;isD.is;are【答案】A【解析】主句的主语是poets,介词短语asShakespeare不影响主语的数,所以谓语动词用复数;在定语从句中,主语some指代works,是复数,谓语动词应用复数。考点五定语从句和倒装句中的主谓一致定语从句的谓语动词与其先行词在人称和数上保持一致,因此,要准确辨识先行词。倒装句中,主语在谓语动词的后面,应注意辨识。1.ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which_________bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens,statusasaleadingnovelist.(2017江苏)A.is B.are C.was D.were【答案】C【解析】which引导定语从句,指代ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,在从句中作主语,ThepublicationofGreatExpectations是单数,谓语动词用单数;叙述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故选C。2.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________around$8,450ayear,which________aburdenforsomeofthem.(2013湖南)A.are;is B.are;are C.is;are D.is;is【答案】A【解析】第一个空的主语是livingexpenses,所以谓语动词用复数;第二个空的主语是关系代词which,指代的是前面整个主句,谓语动词应用单数。3.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyofthewomenwho______eveningdress.(2010全国)A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn【答案】B【解析】先行词是theonly(one)ofthewomen,中心词是theonly(one),所以定语从句谓语动词用单数;这里指的是她现在的穿着情况,故用一般现在时。当先行词是“oneofthe+复数名词”时,中心词是复数名词,定语从句谓语动词用复数。4.—Iseveryonehere?w_ww.k#s5_u.co*m—Notyet…Look,there_______therestofourguests!(2010江苏)A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming【答案】A【解析】there放在句首时,要用倒装语序,所以主语therestofourguests。“therestof
+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。考点六其他形式的主谓一致除注意以上考点外,还应注意一些小的考点,如非谓语动词或主语从句做主语时谓语动词用单数;表示时间、距离、价格等复数名词做主语时谓语动词用单数。1.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts______causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.(2010湖南)A.isB.areC.hasD.have【答案】C【解析】Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts是动名词短语做主语,谓语动词应用单数;主语与谓语动词之间是主动关系,应用主动语态,故正确答案为C。2.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts__________thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek__________goodforone’shealth.(2007江西)A.show;areB.shows;isC.show;isD.shows;are【答案】B【解析】在asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts中,中心词为asurvey,是单数,谓语动词用单数;threehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek表示时间的量,谓语动词用单数。表示度量、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。巩固练习:1.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths__________alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe【答案】B【解析】“mostof+不可数名词或可数名词单数”作主语,谓语动词用单数;“mostof+可数名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数。这里mostof后面是一个名词性从句,一般看作单数。
2.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third__________usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】D【解析】one-third指代的是复数名词computers,谓语动词应用复数形式,此句说的是过去的情况,故用过去时。3.Theteachertogetherwiththestudents__________discussingReadingSkillsthat__________newlypublishedinAmerica.A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was【答案】D【解析】主语是theteacher,其后的介词短语togetherwiththestudents不影响谓语的数,故第一个空填is;ReadingSkills是一本书的书名,that替代ReadingSkills在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词应用单数。4.Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks__________sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen【答案】A【解析】在thetimeofdaysandweeks中,thetime为中心词,ofdaysandweeks是定语,不影响主语,故谓语动词用is。5.—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?—Becauselargequantitiesofwater______.A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted【答案】D【解析】“quantitiesof+可数名词/不可数名词”作主语,谓语动词均用复数;主语与谓语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。6.Everypossiblemeans__________topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused【答案】C【解析】means单复数同形。该句中,means有every修饰,而every只能修饰单数名词,所以这里means是单数。7.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday__________yet.
A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided【答案】D【解析】不定式、动名词和主语从句作主语,一般看作单数,这里虽然有whenandwhere,但仍然是指去度假这件事,表示单数概念;再由yet可知应用完成时。8.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho__________awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen【答案】D【解析】who引导一个定语从句,并在从句中作主语。关系代词作主语时,其谓语动词应与其先行词在人称和数上一致;这里先行词theonlyoneofthestudents中,中心词是one,谓语动词应用单数;再根据forthreeyears可知,应用现在完成时。9.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager__________toworkonlineathome.A.encouragesB.encourageC.isencouragedD.areencouraged【答案】D【解析】主语是alltheemployees,介词短语exceptthemanager不影响主语的数,故谓语动词用复数。10.NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI__________thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.A.knowsB.knowC.haveknownD.amtoknow【答案】A【解析】主语是noone,介词短语butTomandI不影响主语的人称和数,故谓语动词用单数。