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小学英语语法汇总(蓝本)可数名词与不可数名词“分家”一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别 可数名词是可以按个数来计算的普通名词,分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker,farmer,desk,factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family等)。不可数名词是不能按个数来计算的普通名词,分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat,rice,water,milk,orange等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work,homework,time,health,friendship等)。强调:不可数名词默认为单数,用is或者was;不要根据some、any、alotof等词去作判断。二、可数名词的家务事 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:1.一般的名词词尾直接加-s。如:book→bookshouse→housesday→days读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。2.以s,ss,ch,sh,x结尾的在词尾加-es。如:bus→busesglass→glasseswatch→watches dish→dishesbox→boxes读音:[iz]3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的,将y改为i再加-es。如city→citiesfactory→factories读音:[z]4.以f或fe结尾的,将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:half→halvesleaf→leavesknife→kniveswife→wivesthief-thieves读音:[z]5.特例(常考)①child→childrenmouse→mice②man→menwoman→womenpoliceman→policemen(规律:man→men)③tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoes[注:黑人英雄土豆西红柿加es其余加-s,,如:photo→photos] hero→heroesnegro→negroes读音:[z]④foot→feettooth→teeth[oo变ee] ⑤sheep,Chinese,Japanese,fish单、复数同形 ⑥people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数;people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。 三、不可数名词的家务事 1.不可数名词没有复数,作句子主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Thefoodisveryfresh.2.有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但意义发生变化。如:water(水)→waters(水域)orange(橘汁)→oranges(橘子)3.很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表种类时就可数,意义不发生变化。如:fruit→fruitsfood→foodsfish→fisheshair→hairs 4.计算不可数名词的数量,要在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”如:aglassofwaterapieceofpaperabottleofjuice5.判断步骤: ↗如是am、is或was→原形读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词 ↘如是are或were→加s或es37
A.用所给名词的适当形式填空 1.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill? 2.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket. 3.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now. 4.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle. 5.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily. 6.Let"stake________(photo),OK? 7.Ihavelotsof________(tomato)here. 8.The________(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow. 9.The________(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow. 10.Their________(dictionary)looknew. 11.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair). 12.Theyare________(woman)doctors. 13.Canyougivemesomebottlesof____(orange),please? 14.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture. 15.Iwouldlikesomeapple________(juice).Iamverythirsty.16.Aretheretwo (box)onthetable?17.Icanseesome (people)inthecinema.18.Howmany (day)arethereinaweek?19.Here’refive (bottle)of (juice)foryou.20.This (violin)ishers.Those (grape)areoverthere.参考答案:1.sheep2.food3.teeth4.water5.people6.photos7.tomatoes8.leaves9.children10.dictionaries11.hair,hairs12.women13.orange14.foxes15.juiceB.写出下列各词的复数I_________ him_________ this_______ her______ watch_______ child_______photo________diary______ day________ foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______ box_______ strawberry_____thief_____engineer____peach______ sandwich______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________冠 词冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词:a、an用在单数名词前,表“一个,一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如:ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour2、定冠词:the用在单数或者复数名词前,没有具体意思,翻译为这、那。基本用法: (1)表特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:Themaponthewallisnew. (2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如:Lookatthepicture,please. (3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如:Thisisastamp.Thestampisbeautiful.37
(4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:thesun太阳 themoon月亮 theearth地球 (5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:theGreatWall长城 (6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如:theChangJiangRiver长江 (7)序数词、形容词最高级、乐器等词前和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如:thefirstday,thebestboy,playthepiano,inthesameclass练一练:1、用a或an填空。 ____“U” ____ice-cream ____ goalkeeper ____teapot ____apple ____office ____Englishbook ____umbrella____unit ____hour 2、根据需要,填写冠词a,an或the。(1)Whois ____girlbehind ____tree?(2) ____oldmanhastwochildren, ____sonand ____daughter.(3)Thisis ____orange. ____orangeisLucy’s.(4)Helikesplaying ____guitar.Wehave ____samehobby.(5)Weallhad____goodtimelastSunday.(6)Shewantstobe____doctor.数词分为基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。区别:基数词前没有“the”;序数词前要有“the”。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如:21twenty-one2、三位数以上的需在百位数后再加上and。如:101onehundredandone3、基数词修饰可数名词时,别忘了其复数形式。如:十八个男孩 eighteenboys4、基数词修饰不可数名词时,如是复数,变其量词为复数。如:两碗米饭 twobowlsofrice5、序数词一般加“th”,特殊的:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth二十及二十以外的整十:twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth…“第几十几”:前面整十不变,后面“几”改为序数词:88 eighty-eighth练一练:1、请翻译下列短语。(1)60名学生 (2)15本英语书 37
(3)九杯凉水 (4)4个孩子 (5)12月31 (6)6月2日 (7)第九周 (8)40年前 (9)11+7 (10)上学第一天 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。one--- two--- three--- nine--- fourteen--- twenty--- thirty-five--- eighty-one代 词代词有两种:人称代词和物主代词。1、人称代词分为:第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格做主语,用在动词前(疑问句除外);宾格做宾语,用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:Thisismybag.=Thisismine. Thatisherruler.=Thatishers.看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词;如无,就用名词性物主代词。 牢记: 单数 复数人称代词主格Iyouhesheit weyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs练一练:1.把表补充完整。人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性37
第一人称meusour第二人称youyou第三人称hethemhistheirheritits2.用所给词的适当形式填空。1)Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2)Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)3)Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4)_________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5)_________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolorare_________?(you)6)Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)7)Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)8)Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)9)Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)10)_________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________isanurse.(she)11)Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)12)Don’ttouch_________._________isnotacat,_________isatiger!(it)13)_________sisterisill.Pleasegoandsee_________.(she)14)Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)形容词、副词1、形容词表某一事或人的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式:原形、比较级、最高级。比较级:+er 最高级:the…+est两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,than的前面一定要+er。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化:(1)直接+er。如:tall-taller,fast-faster 单音节词如果以-e结尾,只加-r。如:late-later(2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该字母,再加-er。如:big-bigger,fat-fatter37
(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er。如:heavy-heavier,early-earlier(4)双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如:beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting(5)不规则变化,须逐一记忆。如:good/well–better,bad/ill–worse,many/much–more,far–farther/further,old–older/elder练一练:A.写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。big good long tall old short thin heavy young fat light strong high far low early late well fast slow B.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1)Icanswimas _______(fast)asthefish,Ithink.2)Look!Hishandsare _______ (big)thanmine.3)Ithinkyoudothesethings_______(well)thanyourclassmates.4)Whosebagis _______(heavy),yoursormine?5)DoesJimrunas _______(slow)asDavid?Yes,butMikeruns_______(slow)thanthem.6)Youhavesevenbooks,butIhave _______(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.7)Ijump _______(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass.8)I’mvery_______(thin),butshe’s _______(thin)thanme.9)Itgets _______and_______(warm)whenspringcomeshere.介 词1、一种虚词,不能单独作句子成分,只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语,才能起作用。有:in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infront37
of,outof,from…to…,atthebackof2、表时间的有:at,on,in(1)at表“在某一个具体的时间点上”,或在固定词组中:at9:30a.m.,atnight,attheweekend…(2)on表示“在某日或某日的时间段”:onFriday,onthefirstofOctober,onMondaymorning…(3)in表示“在某一段时间(月份、季节)里”:intheafternoon,inSeptember,insummer,in2005…3、in还有其他的固搭:inblue,inEnglish,takepartin练一练:1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1)What’sthis _______(at,on,in)English?2)Christmasis _______(at,on,in)the25thofDecember.3)Theman_______(with,on,in)blackisSuHai’sfather.4)Hedoesn’tdowell _______(at,on,in)PE.5)Lookatthosebirds _______(on,in)thetree.6)Wearegoingtomeet _______(at,on,in)thebusstop _______(at,on,in)halfpastten.7)Isthereacat _______(under,behind,in)thedoor?8)Helen’swritingpaperis _______(in,infrontof)hercomputer.9)Welive _______(at,on,in)anewhousenow.10)Doesitoftenrain _______(at,on,in)springthere?2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词。1)JimisgoodinEnglishandMaths. 2)Thefilmswereinthegroundjustnow. 3)Theyaretalkingtotheirplans. 4)HowmanystudentshavetheirbirthdaysonMay? 5)Women’sDayisatthethirdofMarch. 6)Icanjogtoschoolonthemorning. 7)Didyouwatertreesatthefarm? 8)Canyoucomeandhelpmeonmy37
English? 9)IusuallytakephotosinSundaymorning. 10)WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival? 动 词动词包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)。动词、名词和形容词的区分方法:先用“一(量词)”(如:一个、一张等)和该词相连,如说得通,是名词;说不通再用“很”判断,把“很”和该词相连,说得通就是形容词;都说不通即动词。1、be动词(am,is,are,was,were)1)am—was,is–was,are--were口诀:我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.3)一般疑问句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.4)be动词的否定形式:amnot(没有缩写形式),arenot=aren’t,isnot=isn’t练一练: 1、用be动词的适当形式填空。1)I______aboy.______youaboy? 2)Thegirl______Jack"ssister.3)Thedog_______tallandfat. 4)Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5)______yourbrotherintheclassroom? 6)How_______yourfather?7)MikeandLiuTao______atschool. 8)Whosedress______this?9)Whosesocks______they? 10)Who______I? 11)Thejeans______onthedesk.12)Here______ascarfforyou. 13)Here______somesweatersforyou.14)Theblackgloves______forSuYang. 15)Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.16)Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme. 17)Sometea______intheglass.18)Gaoshan"sshirt_______overthere. 19)Mysister"sname______Nancy.20)______DavidandHelenfromEngland? 21)There______agirlintheroom.37
22)There______someapplesonthetree. 23)_______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?24)There_______somebreadontheplate. 25)You,heandI______fromChina.26)There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.2、助动词(do,does,did)do,does用于一般现在时,其过去式did用于一般过去时。通常用在疑问句和否定句中。否定形式:donot=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t。注意:在一般现在时中,does用于第三人称单数,其余一律用助动词do;助动词do,does,did后面一定要用动词原形。1)______youlikethismagazine? 2)Thegirl______likebreadforbreakfast.3)---What ______she ______attheweekends?---Sheusuallyplaysgameswithherfriends.4)---Wha______youdolastSunday?---Iwrotetomyfriend.5)---DidyouseeaBeijingopera?---No,I ______.6)He ______notvisitafarmlastNationalDayholiday. 7)They______notlikeplayingvolleyball.8) ______JimhaveapicnicwithhisfamilyeverySaturday?---Yes,he .9) ______HelenandYangLinggotoschoolonfooteveryday?10)---Howmanykites ______wehave?---Wehaveten.3、情态动词情态动词很特殊,平时不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。情态动词有:can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might、must注:情态动词后动词用原形。(不受任何条件影响)否定形式:cannot=can’t,mustnot=mustn’t,… 注:maynot和shallnot(无缩写形式)练一练:选择填空。( )1)Thesignonthewallmeansyou ______stayawayfromthebuilding. A.must B.can’t C.shouldn"t( )2)Howmanybooks ______youseeonthedesk? A.may B.can C.should37
( )3)Itmeansyou ______makenoiseinthelibrary. A.should B..shouldn"t C.can( )4)______youlikeaglassofmilk?---Yes,please. A.May B.Could C.Would( )5) ______youseethesignoverthere?---Sorry,Ican’t. A.Can B.Can’t C.Should( )6) ______wegototheparkbybus? A.May B.Must C.Shall4、行为动词 即平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词(也叫动名词)+ing、过去式+ed。(1)动词第三人称单数变化规则:A、一般直接加“s”:play–plays,visit–visits,speak–speaks;B、以“s”,“x”,“sh”,“ch”结尾时,加“es”:catch–catches,watch–watches;C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时,变“y”为“i”再加“es”:carry–carries,study–studies。(2)现在分词(动名词)构成规则:A、一般直接加“ing”:go–going,look–looking;B、以不发音的“e”结尾,去“e”加“ing”:take–taking,make–making,have–having;C、以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需要双写这个字母再加“ing”:put–putting,stop–stopping,run–running,get–getting,swim–swimming,sit–sitting,begin–beginning,jog–jogging,forget–forgetting。(3)过去式构成规则:A、一般直接加“ed”:plant–planted,pick–picked;B、以不发音字母“e”结尾,直接加“ed”:like–liked,hope–hoped,taste–tasted;C、“辅音字母+y”结尾,变“y”为“i”再加“ed”:try–tried,carry–carried,study–studied;D、有些动词双写最后一个字母,再加“ed”:stop–stopped;37
E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的:是-am(be)-was-being;是-are(be)-were-being;是-be-was,were-being;成为-become-became-becoming;开始-begin-began-beginning;弯曲-bend-bent-bending;吹-blow-blew-blowing;买-buy-bought-buying;能-can-could-----;捕捉-catch-caught-catching;选择-choose-chose-choosing;来-come-came-coming;切-cut-cut-cutting;做-do,does-did-doing;画-draw-drew-drawing;饮-drink-drank-drinking;吃-eat-ate-eating;感觉-feel-felt-feeling;发现-find-found-finding;飞-fly-flew-flying;忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting;得到-get-got-getting;给-give-gave-giving;走-go-went-going;成长-grow-grew-growing;有-have,has-had-having;听-hear-heard-hearing;受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting;保持-keep-kept-keeping;知道-know-knew-knowing;学习-learn-learned,learnt-learning;允许,让-let-let-letting;躺-lie-lay-lying;制造-make-made-making;可以-may-might----;意味-mean-meant-meaning;会见-meet-met-meeting;必须-must-must----;放置-put-put-putting;读-read-read-reading;骑、乘-ride-rode-riding;响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing;跑-run-ran-running;说-say-said-saying;看见-see-saw-seeing;将-shall-should----;唱歌-sing-sang-singing;坐下-sit-sat-sitting;睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping;说-speak-spoke-speaking;度过-spend-spent-spending。练一练:1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink________go__________stay_________make__________look__________have_________pass_________carry_______come_________watch_________plant_________fly________study________brush_______do___________teach__________take__________see__________ 2、写出下列动词的现在分词。put__________give__________fly_________get ________dance________sit_________run________plant________take__________swim________ask_________stop_________take_______write________have__________smoke_______think________want__________tell________37
3、写出下列动词的过去式。isam_______fly_______plant____are________drink______play_______go________make________does______dance____worry______ask________taste______eat_________draw______put______throw______kick_______pass_______do________4、用动词的适当形式填空。(1)I______toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Lilyoften_______toschoolwithme.Yesterday_we_____toschooltogether.Welike________toschoolverymuch.(go)(2)Theyusually_______lunchathome.Butlastweek,they____lunchatschool.(have)(3)That______mybook.It_____new.Butnowit_____nothere.It______thereamomentago. (be)(4)Lucylikes________verymuch.Sheoften_______atourschoolfestival.Lastterm,she_______alotofsongsintheschoolhall.She_____beautifully. (sing)(5)What_____heusually______onSunday? Heusually______hishomework.Look!He__________hishomeworknow. ______he_______hishomeworklastSunday? Yes,he_______. (do)(6)Dopeopleusually_______mooncakesatMid-autumnFestival?Yes,theydo.Didyou_______mooncakeslastMid-autumnFestival?Yes,Idid.I_______alotofdeliciousmooncakes.(eat)there/herebe结构therebe结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事或人”,包括thereis、thereare、therewas、therewere。herebe结构与它类似,用法也完全相同,只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。与have、has、had的区别:(1)Therebe句型:在某地有某物(或人),表存在的有;have、has、had:某人拥有某物,表所属的有。(2)therebe句型,主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定——“就近原则”。(3)therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。(4)some和any在therebe句型中的运用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。(5)and和or在therebe句型中的运用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。(6)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语?Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?37
(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:What’s+介词短语?(9)Therebe结构一般用在句子的开头,而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。练一练:1、用恰当的be动词填空。1)There ______fourseasonsinayear. 2)There ______notanytreestwoyearsago.3)--- ______thereapostofficenearyourschool?---Yes,there ______.4)---Howmanystops ______there?---There______onlyone.5)There ______notanystampsontheenvelope. 6) ______thereanybirdsinthetree?7)There______ ashoppingcentrenearourschoollastyear.Butnowthere______noone.8)There ______onlythreeofus:mydad,mymumandme. 9)Here ______somebreadforyou.10)InNewYork,there ______alotofraininspring.2、选用“have,has,had,thereis,thereare,therewas,therewere”填空。1)I ______agoodfatherandagoodmother. 2) ______atelescopeonthedesk.3)He ______atape-recorder. 4) ______abasketballintheplayground.5)They ______anicegarden. 6)Myfather ______astory-booklastyear.7) ______areading-roominthebuilding? 8)WhatdoesMike ______?9)______anybooksinthebookcase? 10)Howmanystudents ______intheroom?11) ______astory-bookonthetableamomentago. 12)Whatdoyou ______?13)Myparents ______somenicepictures. 14) ______somemapsonthewall.15) ______amapoftheworldonthewall. 16)David’sfriends ______sometents.17) __________manychildrenonthehill.some,any的用法37
some用于肯定句;any用于否定句和一般疑问句。例:Thereissomewaterintheglass.(肯定句) Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.(肯定句)Therearen’tanylampsinthestudy.(否定句)Arethereanymapsonthewall?(一般疑问句)Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?(希望得到肯定回答)Doyouwanttotakeanyphotosattheparty?(一般疑问句)练一练:用some或any填空。1)Thereisn’t ______milkinthefridge. 2)Icansee______cars,butIcan’tsee______buses.3)Hehas ______friendsinEngland. 4)Werethere ______fruittreesonthefarm?5)Hereare ______presentsforyou.6)DoesTomwanttotake______photos? 7)Isthere______riceinthekitchen?8)Thereare______newbuildingsinourschool. 9)---Wouldyoulike______cakes?---No,I’dnotlike ______cakes,butI’dlike ______coffee.10)---Arethere______picturesonthewall?---No,therearen’t ______pictures.动词不定式1、to加动词原形构成一种非谓语形式,在这里不是介词,无词义。如:IwanttomakeaNewYearcard. 我想制作一张新年贺卡。 Wouldyouliketohaveapicnicwithus? 你愿意和我们一起去野餐吗?2、to保留原来动词的一些特征,它可以带自己的宾语和状语等。如:Togettherefaster,youcantakebusNo.5. 想快一点到那儿,你可以坐5路车。3、to前有时带疑问词what,when,where,which,why,how等。如:He’saskingYangLinghowtogetthere. 他正在问杨玲怎样到达那里。一定要记住:to后面用动词原形。练一练: 1、动词适当形式填空。1)Peoplewouldlike________(go)tofarmsinthecountryside.2)It’stime________(have)lunch37
3)Iwant________(buy)somepresentsformyfriends.4)Thethiefbegan________(run).5)Pleaseshouwmehow________(go)totheshoppingcentre. 6)Wouldyoulike________(join)us? 7)Don’tforget________(write)“HappyNewYear”.8)Shewasveryglad________(see)them.9)Pleaseremember________(close)thewindowsbeforeyougohome.10)I’msorry________(hear)that.2、圈出下列句子中的错误,并改正。1)Wouldyoulikegocampingwithus? 2)Helen,showmehowdrawingasquare. 3)Iwanttowritesalettertomypenfriend. 4)It’stimeforusgotoschool. 5)LiuTaowantstoshowingPeter’sphotostohismum. 动名词即为动词的“现在分词”。它既有“名词性质”(可作主语),又具有动词性质(可带宾语)。如:Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.还有我们的一些课题:Askingtheway中是“名词性质”;Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.中是“动词性质”,带了宾语stamps. 1、remember(记住)后面跟动名词,表示“记得做过某事”;跟to+动词原形,表示“记得要去做某事”。如:Irememberpostingthelettertoday. 我记得今天把信寄走了。Pleaseremembertopostthelettertoday. 请记住今天要把信寄走。2、forget(忘记)后面跟动名词,表示“忘记做过某事(实际做过)”;跟to+动词原形,表示“忘记去做某事(实际没做)”。如:Iforgetdoinghomeworkthismorning. 我忘记今天早上做过作业了。Iforgettodohomeworkthismorning. 我忘记今天早上做作业了。3、stop(停止)后面跟动名词,表示“停止做某事”;跟to+动词原形,表示“停止正在做的事,而去做别的事”。如:Stopsmoking,please. 请不要吸烟。37
Let’sstoptohavearest. 我们累了,让我们停下来休息一下。4、like(喜欢)后面跟动名词,表示一个人的爱好和习惯,意思是“喜欢干某事”;跟to+动词原形,常用于wouldliketodosomething,表示“某人想要、愿意干某事”。如:Iliketakingawalkaftersuppereveryday. 我喜欢每天晚饭后去散步。Iwouldliketohavesomechips. 我想要吃些薯条。练一练:1、用扩号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1)_________(swim)isnotasfastasrunning. 2)It’ssunnytoday.Let’sgo_________(fish).3)Doyoulike_________(read)Englishinthemorning? 4)Areyougoodat_________(dance)?5)Whereisthe_________(shop)centre? 6)Wouldyouliketogo_________ (jog)withme?7)Myhobbyis _________(play)football. 8)SuHailikes ________(watch)cartoonsonSundays.2、选择扩号内动词的适当形式填空。1)I’msorry_________(hearing,tohear)that. 2)Jimisgoodat_________(swimming,toswim).3)Shallwego_________(skating,toskate)? 4)Today,myworkis_________(looking,tolook)afterthebaby.5)I’mgoing_________(flying,tofly)akiteintheplayground.6)Ilike_________(playing,toplay)basketballafterschool.7)Wouldyoulike_________ (going,togo)totheGreatWall?8)JimisaskingLiuTaohow________(getting,toget)totheHistoryMuseum.37
时间和日期的表达1、有两种时间表达法:A)直接读写数词。如:9:15ninefifteen 10:30tenthirty 11:45elevenforty-five7:05sevenofive 2:25twotwenty-five 5:55fivefifty-fiveB)借助past和to来表达。past一般用于30分钟以内(含30分钟)的时间表达;to一般用于超过30分钟的时间表达。一刻钟可以用aquarter表示,半小时可以用half表示。如:9:15aquarterpastnine 10:30halfpastten 11:45aquartertotwelve 7:05fivepastseven 2:25twenty-fivepasttwo 5:55fivetosix注意:询问时间可用句型“What’sthetime?”或者“Whattimeisit?”。2、日期的表达:the+序数词+of+月份。如:thethirdofJune六月三日注意:询问日期可用句型“Whatdateisittoday?”或者“What’sthedatetoday?”。练一练:1、用两种方法表达下列时间。6:45 1:58 9:05 3:22 5:50 8:30 2、用英语表达下列日期。五月一日 九月十日 三月八日 37
四月五日 七月九日 八月三日 一月十五日 六月二日 十二月二十五日3、同义句转换,每空一词。1)---What’sthetime?---It’selevenforty-five. --- ___________isit?---It’s ___________.2)It’ssevenofive.It’stimeforbreakfast. It’s___________.It’stime ___________.3)---What’sthedatetoday?---It’s1stOctober. ___________isittoday?---It’s ___________句子的种类类别例句用法标点陈述句肯定Thisisabag.Ilikespring.描述一件事情或者说明说话人的看法.类别例句用法标点陈述句否定Ican’tseeabagoverthere.Idon"tknow.描述一件事情或者说明说话人的看法.疑问句一般Areyouastudent?Doyoulikepuppets?CanyouspeakEnglish?用于提出问题?特殊when时间;who谁;whose谁的;where哪;which哪个;why为什么;what什么;whattime时间;whatcolour颜色;whatabout怎么样;whatday星期几;whatdate什么日期;whatfor目的;how怎样;howold年龄;howmany数量;howmuch多少钱;howabout怎么样;howfar多远选择Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?37
反意It’safineday,isn’tit?祁使句肯定Putithere.表示命令、建议或请求.或!否定Don’tlookatthenoticeboard.感叹句Howsmartthescarfis!Whatasmartscarf!Howsmartthescarvesare!Whatsmartscarves!表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情?练一练: 1、填入适当的疑问词。1)_______walletisit?It’smine. 2)_______istheChristmasDay?It’sonthe25thofDecember.3)_______isthediary?It’sunderthechair. 4)_______istheboyinblue?He’sMike.5)_______aretheearphones?Theyare25yuan. 6)_______isthehairdryer?It’sblue.7)_______isittoday?It’sSunday. 8)_______wasityesterday?Itwasthe13thofOctober.9)_______thisredone?It’sbeautiful. 10)_______isitfromhere?It’sabout2kilometresaway.11)A:CanIhavesomepaperandsomecrayons?B: _______?A:Iwanttomakeakite.12)_______isyourcousin?He’s15yearsold. 13)_______doyouhavedinner?At6o’clock.14)_______oneisfatter,theblueoneortheredone?Theblueone.2、对划线部分提问。1)Icanseeeightrubbersinthebox. _______ _______ _______can_______seeinthebox?2)Myfatherisfinetoday. ____________yourfathertoday?3)LiuTaoisplayingfootballintheplayground. ___________LiuTao_______intheplayground?4)Thefilmswereontheground. ______________thefilms?37
5)Thegirlwithbigeyesismysister’sfriend. ___________________sister’sfriend?6)Mybirthdayisonthe9thofSeptember. __________yourbirthday?7)I’dlikeanicecakeforbreakfast. ___________________likeforbreakfast?8)That’sNancy’sskirt. ______________isthat?3、按要求改写句子。1)It’sabook.(改为一般疑问句)___ita _______?2)Myfatherisinthestudy.(对划线部分提问)_______is _______father?3)DoyouwatchTVeverySunday?(做肯定回答)_______,I _______.4)Thispictureisbeautiful.(改为以what引导的感叹句) What _____________picture!5)Openthedoorforhim.(改为否定句)_______open ______ for _______!6)Ihaveabigpresent.(对划线部分提问) _______doyou _______?7)Therearesomeorangetrees.(改为单数句子)There ______________orange _______.8)wearegoingtoseeaBeijingopera.(对划线部分提问)What _______you ___________do?9)Hehassomequestions.(改为一般疑问句) _______he _______ _______questions?10)TheyvisitedtheirrelativesandfriendslastSpringFestival.(改为一般疑问句) _____they _______theirrelativesandfriends lastSpringFestival? 37
名词可数不可数“六注意” 一、可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks,apple-apples等。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:somebread,alittlemilk等。 二、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the;而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:Heisafactoryworker. Noonecanseeair.三、可数和不可数名词前都可以用some,any,alotof,lotsof修饰,表示"一些,许多"。如:Therearesomeorangesonthedesk. Thereisalotofwaterinthebottle.四、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:twoapples,fourbooks等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如:apieceofpaper,threepiecesofpaper五、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。Thispictureisverybeautiful.不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:Therearetwocupsofteaonthetable.六、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用howmany;对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用howmuch。如:Howmanyapplesarethereinthebox? Howmuchteaisthereinthecup?注意:对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时,疑问词用howmany。如:Howmanypiecesofbreadarethereontheplate?“行行色色”的名词所有格英语中表示有生命的名词,可以加"s表所属关系,称之为名词的所有格。 一、名词词尾加"s的所有格 1.一般情况在名词后加"s。如:Thatgirl"scoatisintheroom.2.在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面,只加"。如果复数名词不是以s结尾的,末尾也要加"s。如:TodayisSeptember10th,Teachers"Day. Children"sDayiscoming,Ishouldbuysomethingnewformyson.3.表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时,须在各个名词后加"s;如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后面加"s。如:TheyareJohn"sandKate"srooms.HeisLilyandLucy"sfather. 4.表示某人的家、店铺的所有格,可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。如:IwillhavedinnerattheJohnson"s(home). Wewillhaveourhaircutatthebarber"s(shop)tomorrow.5.指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词,也可加"s表所有格。如:Thereissomethingimportantintoday"snewspaper. It"sabouttenminutes"walkfromschooltoourhome. 6.英语名词所有格修饰的词,如果前面已提过,后面则省略。如:ThisisnotDick"sdictionary,butisTom"s. 二、由of短语构成的所有格 1.表示“无生命的名词”一般与of构成短语,表所有关系。如:Thereisariverontheothersideoftheroad. 2.名词+of+名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。如:ThisisaphotoofMrBrown"s.练一练:37
翻译下列词组:大卫的叔叔 我妹妹的邮票 妇女节 老师们的办公室 他笔友的信 这本书的名字 双胞胎的书房 孩子们的爱好 邮局的大门 不用定冠词的八项纪律八种情况不用定冠词“the” 一、定冠词不与表一类人或事物的复数名词连用。如:1.Ilikereadingthebooks.(×) Ilikereadingbooks.(√) 2.Shelikesthecats.(×) Shelikescats.(√) 二、定冠词不用在习惯用语的名词前面。如:1.Ihavelunchatthenoon.(×) Ihavelunchatnoon.(√) 2.Wegotoschoolbythebus.(×)Wegotoschoolbybus.(√) 三、定冠词不用在某些专用名词和不可数名词前。如:1.IliketheChina.(×) IlikeChina.(√) 2.Wouldyoulikeacupofthewater?(×) Wouldyoulikeacupofwater?(√) 四、定冠词不用在节日、日期、月份、季节前。如:1.TodayistheTeachers’Day.(×)TodayisTeachers’Day.(√) 2.HewasbornintheMayin1987.(×)HewasborninMayin1987.(√)五、定冠词不用在表称呼或头衔的名词前(尤其作表语、宾补时)。如: 1.Goodmorning,thesir!(×)Goodmorning,sir!(√) 2.Ineedsomehelp,theMummy.(×)Ineedsomehelp,Mummy.(√) 六、定冠词不与名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,some,any等代词连用。如: 1.Thisthepenismine.(×) Thispenismine.(√) 2.Ihavethesomemoney.(×)Ihavesomemoney.(√)七、定冠词不用在科目前。如:WewilllearntheChinese,thehistoryandtheMathsthisafternoon.(×) WewilllearnChinese,historyandMathsthisafternoon.(√) 八、定冠词不用在三餐和球类名词的前面。如:1.Shegoestoschoolafterthebreakfasteverymorning.(×) Shegoestoschoolafterbreakfasteverymorning.(√) 2.Weoftenplaythefootballafterschool.(×) Weoftenplayfootballafterschool.(√)介词for的用法小结1.表“当作、作为”。如:Ilikesomebreadandmilkforbreakfast. Whatwillwehaveforsupper? 2.表理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”如:ThankyouforhelpingmewithmyEnglish. Thankyouforyourlastletter. 3.表动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对……(而言)”。如:Letmepickitupforyou.WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyourhealth. 4.表时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:Iusuallydotherunningforanhourinthemorning. Wewillstaytherefortwodays.5.表去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:Let’sgoforawalk.Icamehereformyschoolbag.Ipaidtwentyyuanforthedictionary.37
6.表所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……”。如:It’stimeforschoolHereisaletterforyou. 7.表示“支持、赞成”。如:Areyouforthisplanoragainstit? 8.用于一些固定搭配中。如:Whoareyouwaitingfor? Forexample,MrGreenisakindteacher.并列连词“欢聚一堂”主持人:大家好!并列连词"欢聚一堂"特别节目现在开始!(鼓掌)下面有Mr.And。Mr.And:英语中我是把两个或两个以上的有并列关系、动作先后关系或者是有条件和结果关系的句子连接起来。 AfterlunchAuntHuangcameinandshelookedworried.(表示并列关系) Marybrushedherteechandshewenttobed.(表示动作先后关系) Useyourhead,andyou"llfindagoodway.(表示条件和结果)即Ifyouuseyourhead,you"llfindagoodway."祈使句,+and+一般将来时的句子"是固定句型,做到了祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面表示的结果。 Workhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.主持人:谢谢Mr.And,下面有请MissBut。MissBut:我是把两个意思相反或相对的句子连接起来。我的同事还有:yet(可是),while(而)等。 IheardabignoiseandIlookedout,butIdidn"tseeanything. I"mpoor,butIalwaysenjoymyself. MyelderbrotherlikesplayingbasketballwhileIlikeplayingfootball.主持人:谢谢MissBut!下面请Mr.So先生Mr.So:"因此"、"所以"是我的口头禅。我能把含有因果关系的两个简单句连接起来。 Thisisourfirstlesson,soIdon"tknowallyournames.Iamrich,soIcanbuymyselflotsofnicethings.Mr.For喜欢寻根究底,他重原因,我重结果。 Heshookhishead,forhethoughtdifferently.主持人:请MissOr。MissOr:我不会强迫某人去做某一件事情,可以让他自己做出选择。我也会比较严厉,会用命令的语气说"做好某事,否则(要不然)就会……"。 Youmaydoityourself,oryoucanasksomeonetohelpyou. Workhard,oryoucan"tpasstheexam.(=Ifyoudon"tworkhard,youcan"tpasstheexam.)"祈使句,+or+一般将来时的句子"固定句型,"如果不做到祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面的结果。"主持人:谢谢MissOr。观众A:并列句的特点?主持人:并列句由两个或两个以上的主语、谓语结构组成,并且它们之间互不依从,由并列连词连接,去掉连词后它们都可以独立成句。观众B:如果一个主语有两个或两个以上的谓语动词;或者有两个或两个以上的主语,却只有一个谓语动词。这样的句子是并列句吗?Mr.So:不是。Heclosedthewindow,putonhiscoat,openedthedoorandwentout. Jim,TomandIareinthesameclass. 1.Becareful,_________youwillfalloffthetree. a.sob.orc.butd.and 2.Nevergiveup,_________you"llmakeit. a.andb.butc.ord.yet 3.LucyandLilyaretwins.Lucylikesplayingbasketball,_________Lilydoesn"t. a.andb.asc.butd.or 4.MrBrownknowslittleJapanese,_________hecan"tunderstandtheinstructions(用法说明)onthebottleofthepills.a.sob.orc.butd.for37
5.Myuncledoesn"thavemuchmoney,_________healwaysenjoyshimself. a.butb.soc.andd.orwith用法with是介词,但意义颇多 1.带着,牵着……(表动作特征)。如:Runwiththekitelikethis.2.附加、附带着……(表事物特征)。如:twohamburgerswithpotatochips,riceandfish. 3.和……(某人)一起。a.跟某人一起(住、吃、喝、玩、谈)。如:NowIaminChinawithmyparents. He/She"stalkingwithafriend.b.跟go,come连用,"加入"到某方。如:Doyouwanttocomewithme? 4.playwith意为"玩耍……,玩弄……"如:Twoboysareplayingwiththeiryo-yos. 5.与help一起构成help...with...,"帮(某人)做(某事)"。如hehelpshisfriendswiththeirEnglish. 6.表示面部神情,有"含着……,带着……"如:"I"mlateforschool,"saidBob,withtearsinhiseyes.7.表示"用……"如:Youplayitwithyourfeet.Whatdothefarmersdowithyourmachines? 8.表示"对……,关于……"。如:What"swrongwithit?There"ssomethingwrongwithmycomputer.一般现在时1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.2..表示经常或习惯的动作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.3.表示客观现实。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun面目--构成:1.谓语是be动词时,构成:主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其他。如:Iamastudent.2.谓语是行为动词时,构成有两种:(1)主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他。如:WeoftenwatchTVattheweekends.(2)主语(第三人称单数)+动词第三人称单数形式+其他。如:JimusuallygoestotheparkonSundays.变化--否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句: 1.be动词的变化。 否定句:主语+be+not+其它。如:Heisnotaworker. 一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。如:-Areyouastudent? -Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Whereismybike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语+don"t(doesn"t)+动词原形(+其它)。如:Idon"tlikebread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn"t构成否定句。如:Hedoesn"toftenplay. 一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:Doyouoftenplayfootball?Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:Doesshegotoworkbybike? -Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork?37
揭开“第三人称单数”的秘密 一、第三人称代词he,she,it作主语时。如:SheisverygoodatEnglish. Hestudiesinamiddleschool. 二、单独使用的人名、地名或称呼语作主语时。如:Jimoftenplaysfootballwithhisfriends. DoesUncleWanglikemakingthings? 三、不可数名词作主语时。如:Isthereanyjuiceinthebottle?四、单数可数名词作主语时。如:Theboxisinyourroom.Whatisthatgirldoingoverthere? 五、单个数字、算式或单个字母作主语时。如:Threeplusnineistwelve. "I"isanEnglishletter. 六、指示代词this,that等作主语时。如:Thisisherredpen. 七、代词one作主语时。如:OneofthemiswatchingTV. 八、something,anything,nothing作主语。如:There"ssomethingwrongwiththecomputer. 练一练:A、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1)Heoften ______(have)dinnerathome. 2)DanielandTommy ______(be)inClassOne.3)We ______(notwatch)TVonMonday. 4)Nick ______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5)____they ______(like)theWorldCup? 6)There______ (be)somewaterinthebottle.7)____yourparents _____(read)newspaperseveryday? 8)Mike______(like)cooking.9)Youalways ______(do)yourhomeworkwell. 10)They ______(have)thesamehobby.11)Myaunt ______(look)afterherbabycarefully. 12)LiuTao ______(do)notlikePE.13)SheandI ______(take)awalktogethereveryevening. B、按要求转换句子,每空一词。1)Tomlikesplayingbasketballwithhisfriends.(改成否定句)Tom___________playingbasketballwithhisfriends.2)David’sparentsoftentakeawalkaftersupper.(改为一般疑问句并作出否定回答) --- ______David’sparentsoften ______awalkaftersupper?---No, ______ ______.3)TheyusuallywatchTV.(对划线部分提问) ____________theyusually ______?4)Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句并作出肯定回答) --- _________alwaysa ______student?--- ______, ____________.5)SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句) SimonandDaniel ____________ going ______.37
“一般过去时” I.一般过去时的概念 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:lastyear,yesterday等;也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和often,always等频率副词连用。 ①Isawhiminthestreetyesterday. ②LiMeialwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear. II.一般过去时的构成 动词过去式的构成: (1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则: ①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked。 ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。如:live-lived。 ③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop-stopped。 ④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。如:study-studied。 (2)不规则动词的过去式。如:am(is)-was,are-were,go-went,come-came,take-took,have(has)-had III.一般过去时的几种句型 肯定句结构为:主语+动词的过去式+其它。如:Hewenttothetoystoreyesterday.否定句结构为:主语+didnot(didn"t)+动词原形+其它。如:Hedidn"tgotothetoystoreyesterday.一般疑问句的构成:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?如:1)-DidyougotoBeijinglastweek? -Yes,wedid.(No,wedidn"t.) 2)-Didyoumeetthemanbefore? -No,Ididn"t.(Yes,Idid.) 特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?如:1)-Whatdidyoudolastnight? 2)-Wheredidyougolastweek? 注意:没有be动词的否定句和疑问句中,用didn’t否定和用did提问后,动词一定要用原形。判断依据1.句中be动词是was、were;2.句中动词加ed;3.句中有表过去的时间状语:justnow,yesterday,lastweek,lastnight,lastweekend,lastyear,lastmonth,twoweeksago,fiveyearsago…一般过去时口诀 一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。 动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。 否定句很简单,didn"t站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。 一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。 特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。练一练:A、用动词的适当形式填空。1)It_____(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday. 2)Weall_____(have)agoodtimelastnight.3)He _____(jump)highonlastSportsDay. 4)Helen _____(milk)acowonFriday.37
5)Shelikes_____newspapers,butshe _____abookyesterday.(read)6)He _____footballnow,butthey _____basketballjustnow.(play)7)Jim’smother _____(plant)treesjustnow.8) _____they _____(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.9)I _______(watch)acartoononMonday. 10)We_____(go)toschoolonSunday.B、按要求改写句子。1)Myfathercametotheshopjustnow.(改为否定句)Myfather__________totheshopjustnow.2)IwatchedTVlastnight.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) ---_____you _____TVlast _____?--- _____, __________.3)Theirteachertoldthemastoryyesterday.(对划线部分提问) __________theirteacher_____themyesterday?4)TheywereonthefarmlastSaturday.(改为否定句)They _____onthefarmlastSaturday.5)DavidandLiuTaodidtheirhomeworktogetheramomentago.(改为一般疑问句) _____DavidandLiuTao__________homeworktogether _____ _____.一般将来时begoingto表将要发生的动作或存在的状态。表"打算,将要"。其中"be"会根据主语的人称变化派出"is,am,are"。"to"是"不定式符号",跟在它后面的动词必须是原形.一、陈述句(肯定句)主语+be(am/is/are)+goingto+动词原形+其它。如:1、Iamgoingtoworkhardthisterm.2、HeisgoingtobuyanewCDafterschool.3、Theyaregoingtovisittheirteachertommrow.主语+will+动词原形+其他。如:shewillgotoschoolonSunday.判断依据:句子中既有be动词,又有going、to和动词,且动词用的是原形,句中有tomorrow、soon、nextweek等词。否定句要在be的后面加not.:1、Iamnotgoingtoplayfootballafterschool.2、SheisnotgoingtowatchTVthisafternool.3、Wearenotgoingtothecinemaatnight.二、一般疑问句Be(amisare)+主语+goingto+动词原形+其它,如:Areyougoingtoreadbookstonight?-Yes,Iam.-No,Iamnot.Ishegoingtobuyacomicbookthismorning?-Yes,heis.-No,heisnot.三、特殊疑问句37
疑问词+be(amisare)+主语+goingto+动词原形+其它,如:1、Whatisshegoingtodothisevening?Sheisgoingtovisithergrandparents.2、Whataretheygoingtodotomorrow?Theyaregoingtoplayfootball.和他同时出现的朋友还有:thismorning,thisafternoon,thisevening,atnight,tomorrow,thisweekend,nextweek,soon等表示将来的词语。 注意:---Whereareyougoing?---We’regoingtoBeijing. 问句中不要用到to。练一练:A、根据中文,完成句子,每空一词。1)我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I _______________ haveapicnicwithmyfriends.或者:I _____haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2)下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。---What ____________________nextMonday?---I ___________playbasketball.或者:---What_____youdonextMonday?---I _____playbasketball.3)你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。--- _____yourmother __________goshoppingthis _____?---Yes,she _____.She_____buysomefruit.4)你们打算什么时候见面?Whattime _____you__________meet? B、改写句子。1)Nancyisgoingtogocamping.(改否定句)Nancy _____goingtogocamping.2)I’llgoandjointhem.(改否定句)I _____go _____jointhem.3)I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)_______________togetupat6:30tomorrow?4)Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.(改一般疑问句)__________meetatthebusstopat10:30?5)Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(对划线部分提问) __________she_______________afterschool?现在进行时37
表示正在进行或发生的动作。be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词形式。 一、陈述句(肯定句) 主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+其他,如:IamreadingEnglish. Heiswriting. Youarerunning. 二、一般疑问句 Be(Am,Is,Are)+主语+现在分词, 如:Areyousinging?Yes,Iam.(No,I"mnot.) Ishe(she)listeningtomusic? Yes,he(she)is.No,he(she)isn"t. 三、特殊疑问句 疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词,如:1.Whatareyoudoing? Iamdoingmyhomework. 2.Whatishe(she)doing? He(She)isridingabike. look(看)、listen(听)、now(现在),经常出现在现在进行时句子中。 Look!Jackisswimming. Listen!Sheissinging. Iamcleaningmyroomnow. 练一练:A、用所给的动词的正确形式填空。1)Theboy ____________(draw)apicturenow. 2)What______you ______(do)now?3)Listen.Somegirls ____________(sing)intheclassroom.4)Mymother ____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.5)Look.They ____________(have)anEnglishlesson. 6)They ____________(notwater)theflowersnow.7)Look!thegirls ____________(dance)intheclassroom.8)Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She ____________(listen)tomusic.9) ______Helen ______(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.B、根据中文,完成句子,每空一词。1)刘涛的父亲正在浇花。LiuTao’sfatheris ____________.2)看,孩子们正在操场上踢足球。Look!Thechildren __________________intheplayground.3)她正在公园里散步吗?是的。--- _____she______awalkinthepark?---Yes,she______.4)Jack正在哪读书?在他书房。--- ____________Jack ______thebooknow?---Heis__________________.C.用现在进行时翻译下面的句子。 1.看!我弟弟正在游泳。 2.听!我妹妹正在唱歌。 3.我妈妈现在正在做饭。 4.他正在放风筝吗?是的,他正在放风筝。 5.你在干什么?我正在写字。 时态综合练一练:(每空根据需要可以填多个词)1、用所给词的适当形式填空。1)Todayisasunnyday.We _______________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.2)Mybrother__________(go)toShanghainextweek.3)Tomoften _________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He_____(go)toschoolby37
bike.4)Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually_____(watch)TVand_____(catch)insects?5)It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_____(do)thisweekend?She _____(watch)TVand _____(catch)insects.6)What_____(do)youdolastSunday?I_____(pick)applesonafarm. What _____(do)nextSunday?I __________(milk)cows.7)Mary __________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.8)LiuTao __________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.9)David __________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.10)I __________(plan)formystudynow.2、根据中文,完成句子,每空一词。1)杨玲正在问高山一些关于公共标志的问题。 YangLingis _____GaoShansome __________about _______________.2)David最喜爱的科目是英语。_____Favouritesubject _______________.3)谁跑得快,男孩还是女孩?Who__________,theboysorthegirls?4)我父亲每天起床都很早,锻炼身体。Myfather _____up_____and_____someexerciseeveryday.5)你们有什么爱好?他喜欢集邮,我喜欢听音乐。 ---What _____your _____?---He __________stampsandIlike__________tomusic.6)昨天我们想去参观博物馆,可不认识去的路。我们就问了一个警察,他告诉了我们路线。 We _____to_____themuseum,butwe _____know _______________there.We_____apoliceman,andhetold _____theway.7)Nancy将在音乐会上演奏钢琴吗? _____Nancy _____to_____the __________theconcert?8)我们开始上课好吗?谁来读生词? _____we _____ourlessonnow? _____would _____to _____the _____word?陈述句37
用来叙述一个事实,句末用句号".",朗读时通常用降调"↘"。陈述句中有"两兄弟":老大是肯定句,老二是否定句。 老大肯定句,对人对事都持有肯定的态度,常说的三句话是: 1.IamTom.〔系动词be型〕 2.Ihaveanapple.〔have/has(有)动词型〕3.Ilikeplayingfootball.〔实义动词型〕4.Icancookthemeals.〔情态动词型〕 老二否定句,对人对事总是持有否定的态度,和大哥唱反调。: 1.IamnotTom. 2.Ihavenotanapple.3.Idon"tlikeplayingfootball.4.Ican’tcookthemeals.练习改错:1、I’misastudent.2、Heisgotoschoolat7:00.3、Icanplayingfootball.一般疑问句 1.概念 能用yes/no(或相当于yes/no)回答的问句叫一般疑问句。 2.含系动词be的一般疑问句的构成 具体地说,就是当陈述句中有am/is/are时,可直接将它们提至主语前,如遇第一人称,将其置换成第二人称。如:I"minClass2,Grade1.→AreyouinClass2,Grade1? 3.含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成 情态动词与am/is/are一样,可直接将其提至主语前。如:Icanspellit.→Canyouspellit? 4.含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成 含实义动词的一般疑问句要在句首加do;如逢主语为三单,谓语动词为三单形式时,奉does为座上宾并将实意动词变回原形(如has→have,likes→like等);有时陈述句中的some还要变作any等。如: ShelivesinBeijing.→DoessheliveinBeijing? IlikeEnglish.→DoyoulikeEnglish? Therearesomebooksonmydesk.→Arethereanybooksonyourdesk?5.少数口语化的一般疑问句 如问一个与前文相同的问句时,可省略成"Andyou?"或"What/Howabout...?"等;甚至只抓关键词,读作升调。如:Yourpen?你的钢笔? 6.一般疑问句的语调 大部分的一般疑问句都应读作升调(↗),并落在最后一个单词身上。如:IsitaChinesecar↗? 7.一般疑问句的应答 用yes/no(或相当于yes/no的词)回答,怎么问怎么答(句首为情态动词am/is/are还是do/does),简略回答时要注意缩写(否定的n"t)和采用相应的人称代词以避免重复:即"Yes,主语(代词)+情态动词或am/is/are或do/does."表示肯定;"No,主语(代词)+情态动词或am/is/are或者do/doesnot(n"t)."表示否定。如: ①IsMaryaJapanesegirl? Yes,sheis./No,sheisn"t. ②CanLilyspeakChinese? No,shecan"t./Sorry,Idon"tknow. ③DoyoulikeEnglish? Yes,verymuch.how疑问句一家子37
(how携howmuch,howoften上台。) how,主要引导特殊疑问句,可以询问身体健康。如:Howisyourmothertoday? 可以询问交通方式。如:HowdoesLiLeiusuallygotoschool? 可以询问天气。如:Howistheweathertoday? how后面跟不同的形容词或副词,引导不同的特殊疑问句,如howold,howlong,howoften等。 【howold】用来询问年龄。如:HowoldisMrWang? 用来询问建筑物的年头、历史等。如:Howoldisthisbridge? 【howlong】用来询问长度。如:HowlongistheYellowRiver? 询问时间长短如:Howlongdoesittakeyoutogotoworkbybikeeveryday? 【howoften】主要用来对动作发生的频率进行提问。如:Howoftendoyougotoseeyourgrandma? 【howmany】可数名词的数量进行提问。如:Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily? 【howmuch】问不可数名词的量如:Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle? 选择疑问句大显神通 选择疑问句是向对方提问两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种回答的问句。讲话时供选择的项目除最后一个用降调结尾外,其余的项目要用升调。 一、一般疑问句的选择疑问句 1.供选择的两个项目连在一起。如:Isyourbrothertallorshort?Heistall. 2.第二个选项放在句末。如:WillyouplanttreesorwatchTVthismorning?Iwillplanttrees. 二、特殊疑问句的选择疑问句 1.特殊疑问句在前,选择内容在后。如:Whichdoyoulikebest,dogs,catsormonkeys?Ilikedogsbest. 2.选择内容在前,特殊疑问句在后。如:Isitcoffee,orteaorwhat?Itisjuice. 3.在两个选择项目中,说话人不想指明第二个选择内容,讲话时可用orsomething代替。如:Howmuchisthirteenpluseight?Well,isittwentyorsomething?Itistwenty-one感叹句工厂由What引导的感叹句。其结构为:What+a(an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语),如:Whataninterestingstoryitis!Whatalovelydayitis!Whatinterestingbookstheyare!Whatbadweatheritis!Whatabeautifulgirl!在口语中,时常省略主语和谓语,如:Whatabigfish!Whataprettygirl!Whatabeautifulbird! 由how引导的感叹句。其结构为:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!如:Howbigthediningroomis!Howlovelythegirlsare! Howbeautifulthoseflowersare! Howwellshedances! Howhardhestudies! HowcarefullyLiYanlistens! 在口语中,时常省略主语和谓语,只保留感叹部分。如:Howclean!Howfast!完成下列感叹句。37
1.________________thelisteningroomis!(语音室真大呀!) 2.________________theparkis!(公园多么美丽啊!) 3.________________shesings!(她唱得太好了!)特殊疑问句 1.定义以特殊疑问词开头,对陈述句中的一部分提出疑问/进行发问的句子叫特殊疑问句。 2.特殊疑问词wh-开头外加能与之结伴同行的名词;how及它的形容词兄弟姐妹们What,why,who,where,which,whatclass,whattime,whatnumber;how,howmany,howold,howmuch 3.特殊疑问句的构成特殊疑问句由"特殊疑问词+一般疑问句"构成:Howoldareyou? What"sthisinEnglish? 但特殊疑问句有时也要"特殊解":即如果问的是主语或主语的定语时,这时的特殊疑问句看起来成了"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。如:Who"snotheretoday? Whichpenisred? 4.特殊疑问句的语调小插件 特殊疑问句都要读成降调(↘),让最后一个单词承担此重任。如:Whatrowareyouin(↘)? Whereis"E"(↘)? 5.对特殊疑问句的答复小扫描 回答特殊疑问句,不能用"yes/no";但可用"到什么山上唱什么歌"来形容对特殊疑问句的应答--即问什么答什么(尤其是简略回答更明显)。如:Howoldisyoursister?She"sonlyfive./Onlyfive.根据答句写问句。1、Mybagisunderthechair.2、He’seleven.3、I’mabusdriver.4、LiYanisnothere.5、Thispencil-caseis5yuan.6、Youcantakeabus.同学们在学习英语时是否注意到英语的疑问句和汉语有所不同?英语中的疑问句有一种是以what,who,where,how等开头的疑问句,这类疑问句便叫做特殊疑问句,而这些表示疑问的词叫疑问词。为了掌握特殊疑问句,要勇闯三关!第一关:疑问词关 问物用what,问(电话)号码也用what,问人用who,问地点用where,问年龄用howold,问身体情况用how,问年级则用whatgrade等。例如:1.-What"sthatinEnglish? -It"sabook. 2.-Howoldareyou? -I"mfourteen.第二关:语序关 英语中疑问句一般应用倒装语序,即将动词be(can等)放在主语的前面。特殊疑问句的语序还应注意将特殊疑问词放在句首。例如:1.Whereareyoufrom? 2.Howisyourfather? 当然,如果疑问词在句中作主语,则其后直接跟上动词。例如:WhoisLinYing?第三关:回答关 对特殊疑问句回答不用yes或no,应根据它所询问的内容直接作出回答。例如:-Whatclassareyouin? -I"minClassNine. 问句中的名词在答句中常用代词代替,this和that指物常用it来代替,these和those指人或指物时常用they来代替。例如:1.-WhereisMrWangfrom? -HeisfromBeijing. 2.-Whatarethese?37
-Theyareboxes. 特殊疑问句应用降调。例如:HowoldisyourEnglish↘teacher?Therebe结构的用法therebe句型有特点,主语放在be后边,多个主语并列时,be随最近主语变。 变疑问很简单,把be提到there前。 变否定也不难,be的后面not添。 肯定句中用some,疑问、否定any换。 介词短语表地点,"有"表"存在"记心间。 Therebe在主语前,have/has在主语后。 多个主语并列时,Therebe随第一主语变。 并列主语表"所有",要用have是正理。 Therebe表"存在",have/has表"所有"。have“有” 涵义是"有",强调"所属关系",表示"拥有"。如:Ihaveacomputer.除意为"有"之外,还有不少其它涵义。 1.作"买"讲。如:Iwanttohaveakiloofmeat. 2.作"用;作用;借用"讲,如:Excuseme,mayIhaveyourpen? 3.加上食品、饮料等名词,表"吃;喝"=(eat,drink)。如:Ihave/eataneggforbreakfast. 4.加上某种活动的名词,表"举行;进行"。如:Thestudentsarehavingaclass. 5.作"邀请;招待"讲。如:Thankyouforhavingme. 6.构成固定搭配。如:havearest休息一会儿,haveagoodtime过得愉快,havealook,看一看,haveatalk交谈,haveameeting开会。它的三单是has,have和has在否定句、疑问句中,要借助助动词do,does构成疑问句,借助don"t,doesn"t构成否定句。并把has还原成我have。如:Lilyhassomeredpencils. (否定句)Lilydoesn"thaveanyredpencils. (疑问句)DoesLilyhaveanyredpencils? 否定句、疑问句也可直接在have和has后加not构成否定句或将have和has提到句首构成疑问句。不过这种变法只有have和has作"有"讲时才能用!如:Ihaveaneraser. (否定句)Ihaven"taneraser. (疑问句)Doyouhaveaneraser? Wehavelunchatschool. 误:Wehavenotlunchatschool. 正:Wedon"thavelunchatschool.Do的四作用可以概述为:"做"实义,助动词,替前文,强语气。作用一:实义do do作实义动词时,有do,does,did,done,doing五种形式,还有及物、不及物之分。 1.vt."做;研究;整理;完成"。如:①Theoldmandoesanhourofsporteveryday. ②Shedidherhomeworkathomelastnight. ③MotherwasdoingthecookingwhenIreachedhome. ④Haveyoudonetheexercisesyet? 2.vi."行动;工作;进展;足够"。如:①KatedoesverywellinherChinese. ②Howdoyoudo? ③Welldone!37
④Thatwilldo.作用二:助动do do作助动词时,只有do,does,did三种形式,无词义,限用于含行为动词的一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态的否定句和疑问句中。如:①Theydon"thaveanyticketsfortonight"sconcert. ②Katestayedathomelastnight,didn"tshe? ③Howmanybooksdoesthelibraryhave? ④Shedoesn"tdothewashingintheevening.作用三:替代do 为使语言简练,以do,does,did替代前文的行为动词。如:①Tomrunsmuchfasterthanyoudo.②Lucy,canyougetsomemoretea,please? Sure.I"lldoitrightaway. ②Whobrokethecup? Mimidid. ③Ilikebananas. Sodoeshe.作用四:语气do do常用于祈使句.强调句和倒装句中,加强语气。如:①Dobecareful. ②Don"ttellalie. ③Hedidcome. ④Youoftengotothepark. Sowedo.愁眉不展的did1.何时使用? 和其它助动词一样,本身无意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和其它动词一起构成谓语,用于构成一般过去时的否定句和疑问句,也常用于代替上文中的行为动词的过去式。如:Ididn"tgotoschoollastSunday. Didyoubuyanewpenyesterday?2.身后的动词用什么形式? 在否定句和疑问句中,did身后的动词必须用原形:他昨天没有在家吃午饭。 [误]Hedidn"thadlunchathomeyesterday. [正]Hedidn"thavelunchathomeyesterday.3.be动词代替吗? 含有行为(实义)动词的一般过去时的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,不能用be动词,必须用did!含be动词的句子构成否定句或疑问句都不用did:Theywenttotheparklastweek.(改为否定句) [误]Theyweren"tgototheparklastweek. [正]Theydidn"tgototheparklastweek.Be的四功能be在初级英语里的四种用法:功能一,系动词be be为连系动词,表"是",句型为"主+系+表"结构。be的形式am,is,are(现在式);was,were(过去式);will/can/may/mustbe(助动词/情态动词+原形);have/has/hadbeen(助动词+过去分词)等。如: Tohelpanimalsishelpingpeople.(一般现在时) Thetwinswereverybusyyesterday.(一般过去时) Itwillbesunnytomorrow.(一般将来时) Shehasbeenillforoveraweek.(现在完成时)37
功能二,助动词be 助动词be,无词义,辅助动词作谓语。用法:1.be+doing:进行时态,有现在和过去两种进行时态。如:Thegirlsisreadingandcopyingthenewwordsnow. YoungTomwasalwaystryingoutnewideas. 2.be+done:被动(主语是动作的承受者,done必须是及物动词)。如: Teaisgrowninmyhometown.(一般现在时的被动语态) Thisbuildingwasbuiltthreeyearsago.(一般过去时的被动语态) Ourclassroomhasbeencleanedandtidiedalready.(现在完成时的被动语态) Howcouldthiskindofcakesbemadeinyourhome?(含情态动词的被动语态) Thatisadaynevertobeforgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态) 3.be+goingtodo,"打算或将要做某事",be有现在和过去两种形式。如:Wearegoingtoplanttreesinthepark. Ididn"tknowifshewasgoingtocomehere. 4.be+todo,表示"按计划安排将要做某事"。如:ThenewshopisnottobeopenedtillnextMonday. 功能三,therebe therebe:therebe+主语部分+状语部分,表示"某处存在某物",be常用现在时,过去时和将来时: Oh,cool!Andtherearemanythingstosee.Thereisevenadeerpark. Thereareabout80pyramidsinEgypt. Willtherebeafootballmatchinyourschoolnextweek?功能四,实义be 将be视为实义动词,"成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达": Hisdaughterwantstobeadoctorforanimalsinhertwenties. Kate"sbirthdaypartywillbeathalfpastsixthisevening. Jimhasbeenhereformorethantwoyears,buthehasnotyetbeentoYichang.“like文档”like既作动词,又作介词。 like作动词,意为"喜欢;爱好"。 1.like+名词(代词)表"喜欢某人或某物"。Marylikesapplesalot. 2.likedoing(sth.)表"喜欢做某事",经常性地喜欢做某事。Shelikesreading. 3.liketodo(sth.)表"喜欢做(某事)",侧重于具体的、一次性的动作或行为,也表示偶然喜欢做某事。 Ilikeplayingfootball,butIliketoplaybasketballtoday. 4.wouldlikesth./wouldliketodosth.表"想要某物"/"想要做某事"。wouldlike短语相当于want,但比want更委婉。Iwouldlikesomecakes. Iwouldliketohavedumplings. 5.wouldlikesb.todosth.表"想要某人做某事"。I"dlikeyoutogoshoppingwithme. 表喜欢程度。如"很喜欢",可在句式后加上alot,alittle或verymuch等。表示"不喜欢(做某事)……",可用"don"t/doesn"tlike(doing/todosth.)",可在其后加上atall来表示不喜欢的程度。 like作介词,"跟……一样;像……"。 1.like后接名词、代词作宾语。Don"tthrowitlikethis. 2.like分别与be和look构成belike,looklike"看来像……一样"。Sheislikehermother.Some与Anysome和any表"一些",修饰可数名词和不可数名词,但用法大不相同。 some一般用在肯定句中。Therearesomegirlsintheclassroom. some有时也用于疑问句,期望得到肯定回答,并不表示疑问。Willyougivemesomeink?37
any一般用于疑问句和否定句中。Arethereanymapsonthewall?Therearen"tanytreesbehindthehouse. 用some和any填空。 1.Arethere______bananasinthebag? 2.Thereare______goatsunderthetree. 3.Therearen"t______peopleonthebus. 4.Thereare______rosesonthetable.“多少”须计较【哥哥howmany】身后只用复数名词,不放在单数名词或不可数名词的前面: 你有多少本故事书?【误】Howmanystorybookdoyouhave? 【误】Howmuchstorybookdoyouhave? 【正】Howmanystorybooksdoyouhave? 他想要多少块面包?【误】Howmanypieceofbreaddoeshewant? 【误】Howmuchpieceofbreaddoeshewant? 【正】Howmanypiecesofbreaddoeshewant?【弟弟howmuch】修饰不可数名词: 你需要多少肉?【误】Howmanymeatdoyouneed? 【正】Howmuchmeatdoyouneed? Howmuchwasyourpen?你的钢笔多少钱? Howmucharethosethings?那些东西多少钱? 37