中考英语语法定语从句(46ppt) 36页

中考英语语法 第十四讲定语从句 我的书红色的书在桌子上的书我放在桌子上的书正在移动的桌子被移动的桌子MybookTheredbookThebookonthetableThebookthatIputonthetableThemovingtableThetablemovingThemovedtableThetablemoved人称代词+nAdj+nN+介词短语N+定语从句N+vingN+ved 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：Maryisabeautifulgirl.ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk. 一个戴眼镜的高个子的女生tallgirlwiththeglasseswhowearsglasses 对物的定语从句提高练习：请写全下列从句的连接词他们享受了你们给的礼物Theyenjoyedthegiftswhichyougave.Theyenjoyedthegiftsthatyougave.Theyenjoyedthegiftsyougave.(不填)分析:对物，宾格情况下，有三种连词which/that/不填汤姆收到了一份从伦敦邮寄来的卡片sendTomreceivedacard.ThecardwassentinLondon.Tomreceivedacardwhich/thatwassentinLondon. 作状语还是作主语/宾语?例:我们参观了鲁迅曾经居住过的房子.Wevisitedthehouse.Luxunlivedinthehouse.合:Wevisitedthehouse___LuXunlived.合:Wevisitedthehouse____LuXunlivedin.合:Wevisitedthehousein___LuXunlived.难点:学习判断地点时，到底是宾语还是状语。宾语成分用which/that;地点状语成分用where. 指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√××××关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略 Whose的用法例：我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方拆：Iliketovisitaplace.Theplace’shistoryislong.概念颠覆：Hisbook–whosebook.Tom’sbook–whosebookTheplace’shistory–whosehistory找：Theplace’shistoryislong.—whose合:Iliketovisitaplacewhosehistoryislong.例：DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.例：Passmethedictionaryofwhichcoverisblack.总结：whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.对物可用whose,ofwhich两种 第三部分：介词问题 1)Thisisthehero(whom/that/who/不填)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.2)Sheisthegirlwhom/that/who/不填Iwentwiththere.SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略) 第四部分：that问题 有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which定语从句中需注意事项（一） 从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon. 2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.Notallthatglittersisgold. 先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee. 先行词是oneof,theone,或用much,little,few,no,any作修饰，用thatIsittheonethatyouwant?Wehaven’tgotmuchthatyoucanofferus. 当主句已有疑问词who或which时，关系词用thatWhichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting? ※who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用who,而不用that定语从句中需注意事项（二） 先行词是one(s),anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用who。ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim. 不能用that的情况1、非限制性定语从句不用that2、介词前置时不用that3、关系副词不用that 第五部分：关系副词 附加部分————关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有多重作用。在从句中代替先行词。在从句中作状语。连接作用 关系副词有三种：where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。 关系副词的用法：1.where的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）Thehotelwasn’tclean.+Westayedatthehotel.Westayedwhere.先行词关系词从句＝=Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean. 时间状语when例:我总是记得我们相遇的那一天拆：我总是记得那一天。我们相遇在那一天。Ialwaysremembertheday.Wemetontheday.找：ontheday–when合:Ialwaysrememberthedaywhenwemet. 原因状语why—固定句型thereasonwhy…例：这就是你总是迟到的原因。Thisisthereasonwhyyouarelate.例：这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因。ThisisthereasonwhyIinviteyoutotakepartintheparty. 第六部分：中考真题 1Friendsarethosemakeyousmile,alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who2It’squitecommoninBritaintosay“Thankyou”tothedriversforpeoplegetoffthebus.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.where3---Barbara,wheredoyouwork?---Iworkforacompanysellscars.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who4---DoyouknowHongZhanhui?---Yes.He’sthecollegestudenthasmovedChinesepeople.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whomDAAA 5Jamieisayoungcookwantstoimproveschooldinners.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which6----Doyouknowthegirlinredis?----I’mnotsure.Maybeateacher.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what7Paul’suncleisthemantaughtusmathlastyear.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when8ThewholeworldisfightingagainsttheH1N1,adiseasehascausedmanydeaths.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whatADCB 9Isthatthemanhelpedusalotaftertheearthquake.A.whoseB.whichC.whenD.who10---ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn’tit?----Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschoolsthosechildrencanstudyhappily.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what11ThepandaisakindofanimalcanbefoundonlyinChina.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.where12__havefinishedtheworkcanleave.A.ThosewhoB.AnyoneC.TheonewhoD.whichDACA 13IlikethemusicIcandanceto.A.thatB.whoseC.whenD.how14---Isthegirlisinterviewingthemanagerofthatcompanyyourfriend?---Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose15Iliketovisitaplacehistoryislong.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.who16ThenumberofpeoplelosttheirlivesinIndonesianearthquakereachedasmanyas6200.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whoseACCB 17arobotisamachinecandosomedifficultworkinsteadofman.A.whoB./C.thatD.what18--Excuseme,canIhaveatalkwithyourmanager?----Yes?Iamjustthemanyouarelookingfor.A.whoseB.whatC.whoD.which19Rosalikesmusicisquietandgentle.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.who20Thebookheboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A./B.whyC.whenD.whatCCBA 21I’mafootballfan.I’minterestedineverythingisaboutthe2006WorldCup.A.whoB.thatC.whereD.when22Myparentsusuallybuymesomesimpleclothescanlastalongtime.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose23---DoyouliketheredcarismadeinTianjin?----Sure,itlooksterrific.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.whenBBC 1.D.考点分析:先行词之人且在从句中作主语是，关系代词用who.2.A.考点分析:people是定语从句的先行词，指人，且在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词用who.3.A.考点分析:先行词是acompany,所以关系代词用which.4.A.考点分析:先行词是thecollegestudent大学生，是指人，且在从句中作主语，故选择who.5.A.考点分析:先行词是Jamie,是人，且在从句中作主语。6.D.考点分析:由答语teacher得知，是询问职业，故用what.7.C.考点分析:先行词为theman,且在从句中作主语，故用who.8.B.考点分析:先行词是adisease,指物，关系代词应用which或that.9.D.考点分析:先行词是theman,且在从句中作主语，故用who.10.A.考点分析:先行词是manyschools,表地点，在从句中作地点状语，故用where.11.C.考点分析:本句先行词是animal,是物，故用which.12.A.考点分析:主句主语为those,谓语为canleave.Those又是后面who引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词。关系代词的意义、人称、数相当于先行词。定语从句谓语为现在完成时态，助动词have表明，先行词应为复数。 13.A.考点分析:how不能引导定语从句，应先排除；先行词是themusic,是物，that在从句中作宾语。14.C.考点分析:先行词是thegirl,指人，引导词在从句中做主语，用who.15.C.考点分析:先行词是aplace,后面是history,所以应该是这个地方的历史很久了。所属关系用whose.16.B.考点分析:先行词是people,是人，从句中作主语，用who.17.C.考点分析:what不能引导定语从句，关系代词作主语不能省略，先行词为表示物的名词machine,故用that.18.C.考点分析:先行词为theman,在从句中作宾语，可以用who.19.B.考点分析:先行词是music,是物，用that。20.A.考点分析:book为先行词，引导定语从句的关系代词应用which或that.,在从句中作宾语可省略。21.B.考点分析:先行词为不定代词，定语从句要用that引导，在从句中作主语。22.B.考点分析:先行词clothes为物，用that.23.C.考点分析:先行词car为物，在从句中作主语，用which.