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2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析16时态和语态(三)考点六过去完成时1.表示“过去的过去”,即两个过去的动作相比较,发生在前的就用过去完成时,发生在后的就用一般过去时。1.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones_______yet.(2017北京)A.haven’tinventedB.haven’tbeeninventedB.hadn’tinventedD.hadn’tbeeninvented【答案】D【解析】invent的动作发生在had之前,用过去完成时,wirelessphones与invent之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故选D。2.Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whoI_________foryears.(2016天津) A.didn’tsee B.haven’tseen C.hadn’tseen D.wouldn’tsee【答案】C【解析】see的动作发生在cameacross之前,应用过去完成时。3.—DidyouhavedifficultyfindingAnn’shouse?(2015北京)—Notreally.She_______uscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.A.wastogiveB.hadgivenC.wasgivingD.wouldgive【答案】B【解析】give的动作发生在find之前,故用过去完成时。4.JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI______mybookinthecafe.(2015安徽)A.haveleftB.hadleftC.wouldleaveD.wasleaving【答案】B【解析】leave的动作发生在realized之前,应用过去完成时。5.Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit______whenIarrived.(2014北京)A.startedB.wasstartingC.wouldstartD.hadstarted【答案】D【解析】start的动作发生在arrived之前,故用过去完成时。
2.过去完成时还可以和in/over/for the past…years或for,since引起的时间状语连用,表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间。1.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho______inthemountainsfortwodays.(2018北京)A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped【答案】D【解析】叙述过去的事情,且trap的动作发生在risked之前,再由时间状语fortwodays可知,应用过去完成时。2.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ____in the pasttwoyears.(2018江苏)A.had been carried outB.wouldbecarriedoutC.is being carried outD.hasbeencarriedout【答案】A【解析】叙述过去的事情,且carryout的动作发生在wassent之前,再由时间状语inthepasttwodays可知,应用过去完成时。3.Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whomI_____foryears.(2016天津)A.didn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.hadn’tseenD.wouldn’tsee【答案】C【解析】叙述过去的事情,且see的动作发生在came之前,再由时间状语foryears可知,应用过去完成时。3.在“by+过去时间”作状语的句子里,多用过去完成时。BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonfromcollege.(2011辽宁)A.graduatedB.hasgraduatedC.hadbeengraduatingD.hadgraduated【答案】D【解析】由时间状语bythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland可知,应用过去完成时。4.在“hardly…when…(刚……就……),nosooner…than…(刚……就……)”结构中,主句谓语动词用过去完成时(且用倒装语序)。1.Hardly______thestadiuminarushwhenthenewly-electedmayorfinishedhisspeech.(2012全国)A.wehavereachedB.havewereachedC.hadwereachedDwehadreached【答案】C【解析】在“hardly…when…(刚……就……)”结构中,主句谓语动词用过去完成时(且用倒装语序)。
2.—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?—No,nosooner__________thanithappened.(2006天津)A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegoneD.shehasgone【答案】A【解析】在nosooner…than…(刚……就……)”结构中,主句谓语动词用过去完成时(且用倒装语序)。5.在“This/That/Itwasthefirst/second/third…time+(that)…”句型中,从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。Itwasthethirdtimethattheboy_________late.Sohisteachergotveryangry.A.havebeen B.wasC.hadbeen D.wasbeing【答案】C【解析】在“This/That/Itwasthefirst/second/third…time+(that)…”句型中,从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。5.动词hope,intend,mean,plan,want,think,expect等用过去完成时表示过去的希望、愿望、企图没有实现,或表示本来打算做的事而没有做。I__________tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn"tmanageit.(2019天津)A.hadhopedB.amhopingC.havehopedD.wouldhope【答案】A【解析】句意:我本来希望送皮特一个礼物,以祝贺他结婚,但是没有做到。Hope表示“原来希望”时,用过去完成时。考点七一般将来时和过去将来时1.一般将来时表示即将发生的事情。1.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts______withsuccessintheend.(2016北京)A.rewardedB.wererewardedC.willrewardD.willberewarded【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,and后面的分句表示将来的事情,应用一般将来时;Efforts与reward之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。2. Moreefforts,asreported,______intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.
(2016江苏)A. aremade B. willbemade C. arebeing made D. havebeenmade【答案】D【解析】由intheyearsahead可知,应用一般将来时;efforts与make之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。3.—Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.—Allright.I______himlater.(2015北京)A.willcallB.havecalledC.callD.willbecalling【答案】A【解析】由语境及时间状语later可知,应用一般将来时。4.Itisreportedthataspacestation______onthemooninyearstocome.(2015安徽)A.willbebuildingB.willbebuiltC.hasbeenbuildingD.hasbeenbuilt【答案】B【解析】根据inyearstocome可知,应用一般将来时。5.—Whattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,I______itforyou.(2014北京)A.checkB.checkedC.willcheckD.wouldcheck【答案】C【解析】由语境可知,应用一般将来时。2.在“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,陈述句常用一般将来时。Closethedooroffearbehindyou,andyou_____thedooroffaithopenbeforeyou.(2012湖南)A.sawB.haveseenC.willseeD.areseeing【答案】C【解析】这里是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,陈述句用一般将来时。3.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看即将发生的动作或存在的状态。1.—Ohdear,youareallwet.(2012北京)—Ididn’tbringmyumbrella.Theweatherreportsaidit______sunny.A.isB.wouldbeC.willbeDhadbeen【答案】B【解析】预报肯定是指将来,主句谓语动词是一般过去时,故从句应用过去将来时。2.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents______upforthedancecompetition?(2011上海)A.wouldsignB.signedC.havesignedD.hadsigned
【答案】A【解析】预测肯定是预测将来,主句谓语动词是一般过去时,故从句应用过去将来时。4.begoingtodo,betodo,beabouttodo也可以表示将来的动作。1.Atcollege,BarackObamadidn’tknowthathe________thefirstblackpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(2015陕西)A.wastobecomeB.becomesC.istobecomeD.became【答案】A【解析】wastobebecome表示过去将来。句意:奥巴马上大学的时候不知道自己会成为美国第一个黑人总统。2.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune______.(2010全国I)A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade【答案】C【解析】wastobemade表示过去将来。3.Whenhe__________thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.(2009湖南)A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopenedD.wastoopen【答案】D【解析】句意:他正要开门的时候,却到处找不到钥匙。wastoopenthedoor表示过去将来,意为“正要开门”。巩固练习:1.Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmeal______cold. A.gets B.hasgot C.willget D.isgetting【答案】C
【解析】bythetime引导的状语从句用现在完成时表示将来完成,故主句用一般将来时。2.—DoyouthinkMomandDad______late?—No.Swissairisusuallyontime.A.wereB.willbeC.wouldbeD.havebeen【答案】B【解析】由语境可知,这里表示将来的动作,应用一般将来时。3.Experimentsofthiskind______bothbytheUSandEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.A.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted【答案】D【解析】由时间状语beforetheSecondWorldWar可知,谓语动词表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时;experiment和conduct是被动关系,应用被动语态。4.—Whatdoyouthinkofstoreshoppinginthefuture?—Personally,Ithinkitwillexistalongwithhomeshoppingbut_____.A.willneverreplaceB.wouldneverreplaceC.willneverbereplacedD.wouldneverbereplaced【答案】C【解析】but连接两个并列句,都表示将来,且表示被动,故用一般将来时的被动语态。5.Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,he____ifforaverylongtime.A.hashad.B.hadhadC.hasD.had【答案】B【解析】have的动作发生在sell之前,故用过去完成时。6.I"mtiredout.I______allafternoonandIdon"tseemtohavefinishedanything.A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,一个下午都在买东西,而且还没买完,还在买,故用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直持续的动作。7.Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnology_______byscience.A.aremakingB.aremadeC.willmakeD.willbemade【答案】D【解析】由时间状语inthenearfuture可知,应用一般将来时;再由bysince可知,应用
被动语态。8.Weareconfidentthattheenvironment______byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.A.hadbeenimprovedB.willbeimprovedC.isimprovedD.wasimproved【答案】B【解析】由byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution可知是表示将来;theenvironment与improve之间是被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态。9.He__________morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15.A.haslearnedB.wouldhavelearnedC.learnedD.hadlearned【答案】D【解析】主句谓语动词的动作发生在从句动作之前,故用过去完成时。10.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they__________theirsalesby20percent.A.willincreaseB.havebeenincreasingC.haveincreasedD.wouldbeincreasing【答案】A【解析】从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。