【8A版】初中英语语法专题-介词 9页

【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】介词介词是一种用来表示词语词之间、词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独做句子成分。介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介词即单个介词，如in，under，on，for，after等；短语介词指多个单词构成的介词，如infrontof，insteadof，farfrom等。介词短语与短语介词不同。介词短语指由“介词＋名词/代词等”构成的短语，如atschool，bybus，onSunday等，在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作连词(作连词时，其后接句子)，如after，before等；而有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作副词，如above，below等。介词是中考试卷中的“常客”，从时间上看，年年都要考；从地点上看，每个地区都要考。考查介词的主要题目有：单项填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻译等。一、对时间介词的考查介词用法例句/常用短语at①表示在某个时刻或是瞬间②用在节假日前表示“在……期间”③用于某些固定搭配IusuallygetupathalfpastsiG.BillgotalotofpresentsatChristmas.atnoon;atnight;atmidnighton表示在具体的某一天或具体到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等IlikevisitingfriendsonSundays.Theaccidenthappenedonarainyevening.in①用于月份、季节、年、年代、世纪等②泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上③“in+时间段”，表示“在……之后”，常用于一般将来时态inJanuary;insummer;inthe1990sinthemorning/afternoon/eveningShesaysthathermotherwillbeback____________________(两个小时后).during在……期间duringthesummerholidaysbefore在……之前Hewillbebackbeforesuppertime.after①“after+具体时刻”，表示“在……之后”②“after+时间段”不与将来时连用。afterthreeo’clock/lunch/AugustHewillarrive______(after/in)anhour.since后接时间点或过去时的句子，表示HehastaughtEnglishsince20XX.【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】 【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】“自从……以来”Ihaven’tseenhimsinceheleftlasttime.for后接时间段，表示“持续一段时间”Hehaslivedhereforeightyears.till/until①表示持续到某个时候②not…until…意为“直到……才”Itmaylasttill/untilneGtFriday.Wecan’tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.fromfrom…to…意为“从……到……”WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.by①表示“在……之前”、“不迟于”②表示“到……为止”Youmustbeherebyteno’clocktomorrow.bytheendoflastyear/neGtyear;bynow【例题】1.Iwasborn______December17.ThisyearI’llholdabirthdaypartyforitathome.A.onB.atC.inD.by2.—DoyouknowVictoryDayinChina?—Yes,it’s______September3rd______eachyear.IttellstheworldthatChinesepeoplelovepeaceandhatewars.Chinesepeoplewillneverforgetthehistory.A.in;onB.on;/C.at;/D.on;in3.FormanyWesternpeople,theydrinkcoldwatereven______winter.A.onB.forC.atD.in4.—Thecharitywalkbegins______9:00.Don’tbelate.—Noproblem.A.atB.byC.inD.on5.TheDragonBoatFestivalthisyearwillcome______fourdays.A.afterB.forC.duringD.in6.(短文填空)Afterwalkingaround________sometime,shecametoariver.7.(首字母填空)Hehasbeenawayfromhomes________twodaysago.8.(句子填空)TheHighlandMuseumisopenedeveryday______Monday.二、对地点、方位介词的考查介词图示意义例句11in在……之内Thestudentsarereadingintheclassroom.学生们在教室里读书。22on在……上面Theboatisontheriver.那条船在河上。33beneath在……下面(紧贴着表面)Thesunisnowbeneaththehorizon.太阳此刻落到地平线下了。44over在……（正）上方Thereareseveralbridgesovertheriver.河上有好几座桥。55under在……（正）下方Theboatsailedunderthebridge.船在桥下行驶。66above在……上方Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.飞机在云上飞行。below在……下方Thesunsinksbelowthehorizon.【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】 【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】77太阳沉没在地平线下。88by/beside在……旁边Tomissittingby/besidethewindow.汤姆坐在窗户的旁边。99near在……附近Idon’tneedacarbecauseIlivenearthecitycentre.我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。110neGtto紧挨……MybestfriendsitsneGttomeinclass.上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。111behind在……后面Olivehidbehindatree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。112outside在……外面Heparkedhiscaroutsidethetheater.他把汽车停在剧场外面。113to到……去Wewalkedtothefruitshop.我们步行到水果店。114from从……来WetraveledtoLondonfromEdinburgh.我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。115(a)round围绕……Weallsataroundthetable.我们都围绕着桌子坐。116between在……之间（指二者）TheletterBisbetweenAandC.字母B在A和C之间。117among在……之间（指三者或三者以上）Thehousestandsamongthetrees.房子在树丛中。118across横过、越过(从表面跨过)Iftheroadisbusy,don’twalkacrossit.如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。119through穿过……(从内部穿过)Wedrovethroughthetunnel.我们开车穿过了隧道。220past/by从旁边经过/路过……Iwentpast/byabakeryonmywayhome.我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店。221onto到……上Themenliftthebasketsontothetrucks.人们把篮子运上卡车。222into到……里Theyputtheapplesintothebaskets.他们把苹果放进篮子里。223outof从……出来Don’tlookoutofthewindowinclass.上课时不要朝窗外看。224along沿着Walkalongthisstreet,thenturnleft,youcanseethepostoffice.沿着这条街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到邮局。at,in,on表示地点的用法：①at【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】 【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】表地点时，指空间位置上的某一点，后面常接小地方。如：atthebusstop；②in表地点时，指在某一立体空间范围内，后面接大地方。如：inshanghai；③on表地点时，指某物与另一物表面相接触，或与某地方接壤等。如：onthetable等。in,on,to表示方位的用法：①范围之内用in；②相邻、接壤用on；③不相邻或隔海相望用to。【例题】9.—IliketheweatherinKunming.It’swarmallyearlong.—Yes.Andthetemperaturestays______zeroallthetime.A.at　　B.below　　C.around　　D.above10.Incoldwinter,thetemperatureinHarbinoftenremains______zeroallday.A.aboveB.belowC.overD.under11.Thebankis______thebookstoreandthepostoffice.A.atthefrontofD.amongC.betweenD.in12.Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswim______thelake.A.acrossB.belowC.overD.through13.—EGcuseme,whereisthebookstore?—Go______thebridge.You’llseeitonyourleft.A.onB.crossC.acrossD.through14.HeilongjiangProvinceis_____thenortheastofChina.A.toB.inC.onD.at15.Cambridgeisasmallcity______theeastofEngland.A.betweenB.withC.inD.under16.Jimsitsbehindme,soIsit______him.A.atthetopofB.attheendofC.inthemiddleofD.infrontof三、对手段、方法介词的考查介词用法例句/常用短语by①by+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具”②bydoingsth.：“通过某种方式”Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.in①in+语言类名词：“用某种语言”②in+工具：“用某种工具或材料”CanyousayitinEnglish?Don’twriteitinpencil.Writeitinink.with①with+工具：“用某种工具或材料”②withthehelpof…：“在……的帮助下”Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen.Withthehelpofhim,Iwonthematch.on通过某个设备Helistenstomusicontheradio.【例题】17.MaYun,theChairpersonofAlibabaGroup,hasmademuchmoney_____theInternet.A.throughB.alongC.acrossD.towards18.MoreandmorepeopleinShanghaichoosetogotowork______underground.A.inB.withC.byD.for19.Gina,what’sthis______English?【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】 【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】A.byB.forC.inD.with20.Wecansavemoney______cookingourownmealsinsteadofeatingoutside.A.byB.toC.forD.with四、对其他常用介词的考查介词用法例句/常用短语about①大约②“关于”，只表示“和……有关”Thereareabout60pupilsinmyclass.Iwanttotellyouastoryaboutanimals.on“关于”，多表示内容具有专门性，是严肃的和学术性的It’sabookonanimals.这是一本论及动物的书。(学术专著)like“像……一样”Hetalkedtomelikehisfather.as“作为；以……的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务的名词Asavolunteer,Imusttrymybesttohelpyouwithyourproblems.eGcept“除……之外”，指从整体中除去一部分WeareallhereeGceptLiMing.（李明不在这儿）besides“除……之外还有（包括在内）”WeareallherebesidesLiMing.（李明在这儿）with表示伴随，意为“和……一起”Iwenttoplanttreeswithmyfriends.without表示“没有”，常作状语Heleftwithoutsayingaword.for①表示目的，意为“为了”②表示原因、理由Hecamehereforacupoftea.Sanyaisfamousfor“TianyaHaijiao”.towards“朝……方向”Adogisrunningtowardsme.off“离开，脱离”Keepoffthegrass.勿踏草地。against靠着；反对Heissleepingsoundlyagainstatree.insteadof“代替”IwentswimminginsteadofwatchingTV.becauseof“因为……”，表示原因Ididn’tgooutbecauseofthebadweather.【例题】21.—Doyourememberwhatshelookedlikewhenyoufirstmether?—Ofcourse.Shewastallandthin______longhair.A.inB.withC.onD.for22.Jackhadtostopworkingthoughitwas______hisownwishes.A.onB.forC.againstD.by23.Wildanimalsareourfriends.Weshouldn’tkillthem______foodorclothing.A.inB.withC.aboutD.for24.Itisgreat______ustogetsomanyfavouritebooksonInternationalChildren’sBookDay.A.toB.withC.ofD.for【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】 【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】25.Helookedatmeand,______aword,smiled.A.inB.withC.withoutD.for26.Allofuswenttothepark______Bob.Hehadtolookafterhissister.A.besidesB.withC.eGceptD.besides五、对介词短语的考查搭配情况介词固定搭配与名词的搭配atatnight/noon;atonce;atfirst/last;athome/school/workafterafterschool/class;afterbreakfast/lunch/supper;afterallbybytheway;bythelake/river;bynow;bychance/accidentininclass;intime;intown;inthefuture;infact;inacar/taGionontime;onduty;onbusiness;onfoot;onatrain/ship/planeforforeGample;forawhile;forsure;forfun;theidea/technologyfor…totheanswerto…/thewayto…/thekeyto…withhaveproblem/trouble/difficulty/funwith…//makefriendswith…与动词的搭配aboutworryabout;talkabout;thinkabout;learn/knowaboutatlookat;laughat;shoutat;pointat;knockat;arriveat;callatswh.forlookfor;askfor;waitfor;standfor;leavefor;sendforsb.fromhearfromsb.;learnfromsb.;comefrom;bemadefromondependon;geton;callonsb.;（puton;tryon;turnon）offgetoff;falloff;showoff;（takeoff;seesb.off）tobelongto;listento;getto;writeto;helponeselfto;sayhello/hito…withbeginwith;talk/chatwithsb.;agreewithsb.;geton/alongwithsb.与形容词的aboutbesureabout;besorryabout【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】 【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】搭配atbemadat;begood/badat;besurprisedat;betalentedatofbeafraid/scaredof;besure/proud/fond/jealous/fullofwithbebusy/strict/angry/popular/satisfied/covered/filledwithinbeinterestedin;bedifferentinsize;bestrictinsth.forbefamousfor;belatefor;bereadyfor;begood/badfortobepolite/rude/crueltosb.;begood/friendly/kind/badtosb.frombeawayfrom;bedifferentfrom;be…awayfrom【例题】27.Mymothersaysmyfriendissimilar______me,butIthinksheisdifferent______me.A.as;fromB.to;fromC.to;toD.as;to28.Thisphotoremindedtheoldman______thedayswhenhewasyoung.A.withB.forC.byD.of29.Theyhopeitcanprotectthem______terribleair.A.inB.fromC.forD.at30.Whenthekingsawthatsheasplayinghisoldharp,hewasfilled______joy.A.inB.ofC.byD.with31.Thiskindofdressis______thisyear,andIreallywanttogetoneA.indangerB.introubleC.instyleD.intime32.Mr.Yang’sdaughterisprettygood___drawingpicturesandwonmanyprizes.A.withB.forC.inD.at33.ShenGueandZhaoHongbowonthegoldmedalforChinasowe’reproud______them.A.inB.onC.ofD.for34.Ilearn______myteacherandmyclassmatesatthecorner.A.toB.atC.forD.from35.Compared______someunhappypeople,thosewhoarealwayspleasedandrelaGedarelesslikelytosuffercolds.A.atB.withC.inD.of附：介词的省略省略情况示例表示时间的短语中介词的省略。(in)thismorning/afternoon/evening;(on)theneGtday;(in)neGtweek/month/year;(in)lastnight/week/year;(on)thedaybeforeyesterday;(in)theyearbeforelast;(on)tomorrowmorning;(on)every/some/one/allday…在肯定句中表示一段时间的for常可省略。Ihavebeenwaitingforyou(for)awholeafternoon.HehasstudiedEnglish(for)fiveyears.在“of+大小、形状、年龄”等结构中，of常省略。WhenIwas(of)yourage,Iknewmuchlessthanyou.Thedesksinourclassare(of)thesamecolour,material,shape,heightandlength.在here，there，home等副词前。come(to)here;go(to)there;go(to)home某些习语中的省略。bebusy(in)doingsth.忙于做某事(in)this/thatway以这种/那种方法【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】 【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事spend…(in)doingsth.在做某事上花费……havetrouble(in)doingsth.在做某事中遇到麻烦helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事三、即时训练1.Thisfoodisfree.Youdon’thaveto______it.A.lookforB.payforC.askforD.waitfor2.Yousee,Keviniswriting______hislefthand.A.atB.asC.forD.with3.______age7,Brucewonsecondprizeinthepianocompetition.A.InB.AtC.OnD.For4.Wecanbethankfuleveryday,notjust______ThanksgivingDay.A.inB.onC.toD.by5.Thisschoolisdifferent______others.Ithasmanyout-of-classactivities.A.offB.fromC.ofD.for6.JessicatookpartintheEnglishcompetition___themorningofApriltenth.A.inB.onC.toD.by7.Don’tplaycomputergamestoomuch.It’sbad______youreyes.A.forB.withC.onD.at8.Samlikesskatingverymuch.Hehasbeenskating____fourhours.A.forB.sinceC.withD.in9.—WhenisHenry’sbirthdayparty,Lynn?—The18th,______aboutthreeo’clockintheafternoon.A.inB.atC.onD.to10.Remembertorun______theroadquicklywhileitisclear.A.acrossB.forC.afterD.of11.—EGcuseme.WhereistheHopeCinema?—Goupthisroadtotheend.Go______thebridgeandyou’llfindit.A.crossB.crossingC.acrossD.down12.ZhangMeireallywantstoimproveherEnglish.SheoftenpractisesEnglish______chattingwithherEnglishfriendTony.A.inB.byC.forD.with13.—WhatareMeGicanssupposedtodowhentheymeet___thefirsttime?—Theyaresupposedtoshakehands.A.forB.onC.amongD.in14.Don’tworry______yourphysics.Iwillhelpyou______it.A.with;aboutB.about;onC.on;aboutD.about;with15.Theyhadapicnic______thefootofthemountainlastSunday.【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】 【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】A.forB.toC.ofD.at参考答案：1-5.ABDAD6.for7.since8.eGcept9-10.DB11-15.CACBC16-20.DACCA21-25.BCDDC26-30.CBDBD31-35.CDCDB即时训练1-5.BDBBB6-10.BAABA11-15.CBADD【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】