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小升初英语复习重点系统语法学习。小升初英语考试中单项选择比例占到15%-30%,同时,在其他各种题型中也都涉及到大量的语法知识。进行系统的语法的学习非常必要。重点词汇积累。词汇量:一般重点中学的小升初英语考试,都要求学生具有2000到3000的词汇量,而且要求学生能读、能听懂这些单词,甚至要求孩子会拼写。实际运用能力:知识学到手会用才是关键。具体知识点:第一部分;基础知识1.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU音标认读:26
一、元音前元音:[i:][i][e][æ][i:]发音组合:eeeeaieei代表单词:meheweevenbeefeelbreeze(微风,简单的事)deepfreeSeat(座位)beat(打,击,敲;冲击)lead(引领,最前端)teaeatreasonGrief(悲痛,伤痛)believeachieveReceive(收到,接收)conceive(构想,想象)[i]发音组合:i代表单词:sitbitkickpickwish[e]发音组合:eeaa代表单词:pentenbestbegeggnetbreadheaven(天堂,天国)marryanymany26
[æ]发音组合:a代表单词:capmapbadmad(发疯的,发狂的)bankthanklamp(灯,油灯,灯火)中元音:[ə:][ə][ə:]发音组合:orirerurear代表单词:workworkerworm(蠕虫,使缓慢前进birddirt(污物;)affirm(断言,申明)termBurn(烧毁)surf(碎浪,海浪;浪花)Pearl(珍珠)learn[ə]发音组合:aeror代表单词:appearariseagainalikeamanapenteachermotherbrotherdriverangerdoctoractortutor(家庭教师,私人教师)famousjealous(妒忌的,吃醋的)后元音:[a:][ʌ][u:][u][ɔ:][ɔ][a:]发音组合:arearal26
代表单词:fardarkhartfarmgardenbarstarhearthalf[ʌ]发音组合:uo代表单词:upcutbutbusluckbutter(奶油)Monk(和尚)onion(洋葱)[u:]发音组合:oooouu代表单词:foodfool(蠢人)boom((雷,大炮等的)隆隆声)coolhoop(铁圈,戒指,耳环)pool(水塘,水池)shoot(发射,放射)tombgroupblueclue(提示,线索)ruletruthconclude(推断出,结束)[u]发音组合:oouou代表单词:footgoodcook(煮,烧)hook(钩,挂钩)tookPull(拉,拖,牵,拽;搬走)fullbull(公牛,壮汉,)should26
[ɔ:]发音组合:aooawouoreauorar代表单词:talkballhall(会堂;大厅)calldoorfloorLaw(法律)sawboughtfought(fight的过去式和过去分词,打仗;搏斗;打架;奋斗)thoughtbeforeignorecaughtnaughty(顽皮的,淘气的;撒野的)nautical(海上的;船员的;船舶的;航海的)forcebornsort(种类,品种,类型)warn[ɔ]发音组合:o代表单词:notcop(抓,捕)rot(腐烂,腐坏;腐朽,破损)hotlotdognodshop合口双元音为:[ei][ai][ɔɪ][au][əu][ei]发音组合:eiaaiay代表单词:eightdaymaypaidmaincakefatenakedsnakelakemakename[ai]发音组合:yiuy代表单词:crydrymy26
kitehighbiketightfinetimebuyguy[ɔɪ]发音组合:oyoi代表单词:toyboyloyalnoisevoicepointsoilcoinoil[au]发音组合:ouow代表单词:housesoundoutnounbowtownnowtower[əu]发音组合:oowoa代表单词:hostnosetoneholenotecokecopebowlknowlowownboatcoat集中双元音为:[iə][ɛə][uə][iə]发音组合:eerearere代表单词:beerdeerhearnearfearhere26
[ɛə]发音组合:airearareere代表单词:hairfairairchairbearsweardareharethere[uə]发音组合:oorureour代表单词:poorluresuretour二、辅音爆破音:[p][b][t][d][k][g][p]发音组合:p代表单词:paypipeputpiepeachsportspeedspend[b]发音组合:b代表单词:birdbedbagbigbuybakebillbearbook[t]发音组合:t代表单词:teateacherteamtaretanktaughttip26
itmeetcatthoughtfatetentboatstudentstandstick[d]发音组合:d代表单词:dodiddoesdeerdatedigdoomneedbedclimbed[k]发音组合:ckck代表单词:cakecarcancatcomekiteskykeeppickback[g]发音组合:g代表单词:geesegogapgetbigbagbeg爆破音小结:1)[p][t][k]是清辅音,发音时声带不震动,送气要强。2)[b][d][g]是浊辅音,发音时声带必须震动。26
摩擦音:[f][v][θ][ð][ʃ][3][s][z][h][r][f]发音组合:fph代表单词:fivefirstlifefinefatfailfairfallfarmtelephonephoneticsphoto[v]发音组合:v代表单词:votevinevatvailveryvaseleavefive[θ]发音组合:th代表单词:thinkteeththickthemethankthoughtbothtoothtruthfifthmouthclothfaithbreath[ð]发音组合:th代表单词:thisthatthesethosethenthanthough[ʃ]26
发音组合:shsssch代表单词:shipfishsheetsheepdishsureensureassuremachine[3]发音组合:s代表单词:pleasureusualleisuremeasure[s]发音组合:sc代表单词:seemsetseeksayseebooksdensemousecupsfaceiceraceprice[z]发音组合:zs代表单词:zooprizezealraisekneeseyes[h]发音组合:hwh【注意】wh在元音字母o前才发此音。代表单词:hothomehousehorsehatehighwholewhowhosewhom[r]26
发音组合:rwr代表单词:raceredricerainrightroadfreefrypraywrongwrite摩擦音小结:英语中有十个摩擦音即:[f][v][θ][ð][ʃ][3][s][z][h][r]发摩擦音时必须注意:1)口腔通道不完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙,气流从中泄出时摩擦或震动成音。2)摩擦音可以延长而发音器官位置不变。破擦音:[tʃ]发音组合:ch代表单词:cheapchildchestchokecheckcatchwatch[d3]发音组合:jgdg代表单词:jeepjokejewjuicejudge[tr]26
发音组合:tr代表单词:treetreattriptraintram[dr]发音组合:dr代表单词:dreamdragdrawdrinkchildren[ts]发音组合:ts代表单词:sitsseatsmatespeasantsparents[dz]发音组合:ds代表单词:needsseedsspends鼻辅音:[m][n][ŋ][m]发音组合:m代表单词:somecomedimemothermapmoon[n]26
发音组合:n代表单词:noonnosenotenotnonothingmoonsoonsongunthinrundinegain[ŋ]发音组合:ngn代表单词:singsongsingerkingthinginksinkthanktank舌边音:[l]发音组合:l代表单词:清晰音[l]letladlatelaidleaplap代表单词:含糊音[l]dealtellbeltsaletable半元音:[w][j][w]3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格名词分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词有:appledeskpenpencilbox不可数名词有:paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格26
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词有:appledeskpenpencilbox不可数名词有:paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea(一)名词单数变复数1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knivesleaf--leaveswife--wives5、以字母o结尾的加es的有:heroNegrotomatopotato其他以o结尾的都加s如zoophoto6.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,7、单复同形:fish-fish,people-people,sheep-sheep8、中日不变英法变,其他s加后面Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-JapaneseFrenchman--FrenchmenEnglishman---EnglishmenGerman---Germans(二)名词的格(1)有生命的东西的名词所有格:a)单数后加’s如:Lucy’srulermyfather’sshirtb)以s结尾的复数名词后加’如:hisfriends’bagsTeachers’Dayc)不以s结尾的复数后加’schildren’sshoesl并列名词中,如果把’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:TomandMike’scar汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’sTom’sandMike’scars汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of+名词”来表示所有关系:如:apictureoftheclassroomamapofChina26
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)不定冠词:a/anaunit/anuncle元音音素开头的可数名词前用an:anegg/anapple/anorange/aneraser/ananswer/anIDcard/analarmclock/anactor/anactress/ane-mail/anaddress/anevent/anexample/anopera/anhouranoldman/aninterestingbook/anexcitingsport/anactionmovie/anartlesson/(2)定冠词:thetheeggtheplane2.用法:定冠词的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:Therulerisonthedesk.(2)复述上文提到的人或物:Hehasasweater.Thesweaterisnew.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:Theboysaren’tatschool.(4)在序数词前:John’sbirthdayisFebruarythesecond.(5)用于固定词组中:inthemorning/afternoon/evening不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:Chinaisabigcountry.(2)名词前有定语:this,that,my,your,some,any,no等:Thisismybaseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeyscan’tswim.Theyareteachers.(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:TodayisChristmasDay.It’sSunday.(5)一日三餐前:Wehavebreakfastat6:30.(6)球类棋类运动前:Theyoftenplayfootballafterclass.Heplayschessathome.*但乐器前要用定冠词:Iplaytheguitarverywell.(7)学科名称前:Myfavoritesubjectismusic.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:ThisisMrLi.(9)固定词组中:atnoonatnightbybus26
三、代词:人称代词,物主代词 人称代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)memy(我的)mine复数we(我们)usour(我们的)ours第二人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)yours复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)yours第三人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)hisshe(她)herher(她的)hersit(它)itits(它的)its复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)theirs形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词mybook=mine四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2.形容词加er的规则:⑴一般在词尾加er;⑵以字母e结尾,加r;⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er;⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er。3.不规则形容词比较级:26
good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful(二)副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better,far-farther)3、频率副词,alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever例如:IalwaysgoshoppingonSunday.对频率进行提问用howoftenHowoftendoyouplaytennis?Onceaweek.Once一次twice两次threetimes三次fourtimes四次依次类推五、数词:基数词,序数词一、基数词基数词:(1)1-20one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(2)21-99先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586→fivehundredandeighty-six,803→eighthundredandthree(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion 1,001→onethousandandone 18,423→eighteenthousand,fourhundredandtwenty-three 6,260,309→sixmilliontwohundredandsixtythousandthreehundredandnine26
750,000,000,000→sevenhundredandfiftybillion序数词:(1)一般在基数词后加theg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth(2)不规则变化one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加thtwenty→twentieth,forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first,twohundredandforty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e,ve要用f替。ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。六、介词:常用介词:in,on,at,behind等On在-----上面under在-----下面infrontof在----前面nextto在----旁边in在---里面behind在----后面between在---之间1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)atChristmas在圣诞节2.on1)星期前onSunday表示具体的某一天前ontheApril10th例如:关于"在周末"的几种表示法:Ontheweekend在周末---特指duringtheweekend在周末期间26
2)在---上面onthetable3.in在---里面、月份前、季节前例如:inthebox在盒子里inMay在五月份inSpring在春天例如:Whereisthebook?It’sonunderthesofa.Whereistheball?It’sinthebox.七、情态动词:表示Can能、会should应该must必须haveto不得不,may可能,情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。例如:Icanswim.Ihavetogotoshool.Idon’havetogotoshoolonSunday. 八、be动词Be动词的用法:(1)Am--wasIs--wasAre--were口诀:我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,复数全用are。(2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.(3)一般疑问句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.九、动词:动词的四种时态:须知:第一人称Iwe第二人称:youyou第三人称单数HeSheit或者表示单个的人或者物比如yourmothercatthetablemyuncle第三人称复数they(1)一般现在时:表示经常性或者是习惯性的动作,表示客观真理。标志词:usuallyoftenalways 一般现在时的构成 1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。 2、当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。26
动词+s的变化规则①.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks②.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes③.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies例句:Iusuallygetupat7o’clock.Shestudiesveryhard.否定结构:①be动词amisare直接在后面加not,②行为动词:需用助动词don’tdoesn’t(主语为单数第三人称,后面的动词还原)例如:IamateacherIamnotateacher.Sheisafarmer.Sheisn’tafarmer.Igotoschooleveryday.Idon’tgotoschoolonSunday.Shegoestoschooleveryday.Shedoesn’tgotoschoolonSunday.一般疑问句:①be动词Iamateacher.Areyouateacher?Yes,IamNo,I’mnot.②行为动词:需用助动词dodoes(主语为单数第三人称)Igotoschooleveryday.Doyougotoschooleveryday?Yes,IdoNo,Idon’tShegoestoschooleveryday.26
Doesshegotoschooleveryday?Yes,shedoesNo,shedoesn’t.注意:当主语为单数第三人称时,借助助动词does,但是要注意后面动词要还原。一般疑问句的回答遵循“问啥答啥”的原则特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatdoesyourmotherdo?Sheisateacher.(2)一般过去时:表示动作发生在过去结构:主语+动词的过去式标志词:yesterdaylastyear动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked,learned,cleaned,visited② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived,danced,used③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed如 study–studiedcarry–carriedworry–worried(注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)④双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stoppedB、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing–sang,eat–ate,see–saw,have–had,do–did,go–went,take–took,buy–bought,get–got,read–read,fly–flew,am/is–was,are–were,say–said,leave–left,swim–swam,tell–told,draw–drew,come–came,lose–lost,find–found,drink–drank,hurt–hurt,feel–felt例句:Iwenttoparkyesterday.否定结构:借助助动词didn’t(后面的动词还原)26
Ivisitedmyfriendyesterday.Ididn’tvisitmyfriendyesterday.一般疑问句:助动词did,后面的动词要还原Ivisitedmyfriendyesterday.Didyouvisityourfriendyesterday?Yes,IdidNO,Ididn’t一般疑问句的回答遵循“问啥答啥”的原则特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Ivisitedmyfriendyesterday.(3)一般将来时:表示未来以后将要发生的事情基本结构:①begoingto+do;②will+do.begoingto=will标志词:tomorrownextyear例如:Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.否定结构:直接在be动词后加notwill后加notwillnot=won’tIamnot=I’mnot例如:Iam=I‘mnotgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.Iwon’tgoswimmingtomorrow.一般疑问句:把be动词提前把will提前Areyougoingtogoswimmingtomorrow?Yes,IwilWillyougoswimmingtomorrow?Yes,Iwill.26
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatareyougoingtodo?Whatwillyougo?(4)现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作结构:am,is,are+动词现在分词标志词:looklisten动词的ing形式的构成规则:① 一般的直接在后面加上ing,如doing,going,working,singing,eating②以e结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having,writing③双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running,swimming,sitting,getting例如:Listen,Lilyissingingnow.否定结构:直接在be动词后加notSheisnotsingingnow.一般疑问句:把be动词提前Isshesingingnow?Yes,sheis.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatareyoudoingnow?Whatisshedoing?特殊用法:现在进行时态表将来Whatareyoudoingtomorrow?Iamplayingtennistomorrow.Theyarecomingfordinnernextweek.第三部分:句法1.陈述句(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’mastudent.Sheisadoctor.Heworksinahospital.Therearefourfansinourclassroom.Hewilleatlunchat12:00.IwatchedTVyesterdayevening.(2)否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’mnotastudent.Sheisnot(isn’t)adoctor.Hedoesnot(doesn’t)workinahospital.Therearenot(aren’t)fourfansinourclassroom.26
Hewillnot(won’t)eatlunchat12:00.Ididnot(didn’t)watchTVyesterdayevening.2.疑问句一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what,where,who,which,when,whose,why,how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes、no”来回答。3.Therebe句型Therebe句型与have,has的区别①、Therebe句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)②、在therebe句型中,be动词的单复数由紧跟其后的名词的单复数来决定。也就是就近原则。例如:Thereisanappleonthetable.Therearesomeapplesonthetable.Thereisabottleofmilkonthetable.③therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。④、therebe句型与have(has)的区别:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。Ihaveabeautifultoy.⑤、some和any在therebe句型中的运用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。⑥、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: Howmany+ 名词复数+arethere+介词短语? Howmuh+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?4、反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原则。助动词be动词情态动词+主语26
例如:Youlikeorangejuice,don’tyou?Sheisadoctor,isn’tshe?Hewasn’tforget,willyou?Wecanplaytennis,can’twe?4、eitherneitheso用法一、“so+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”(某人也是)表示前一句中主语的肯定情况也适用于后者,在时态上应和前一句保持一致,但两句的主语应是不同的两人。例如:.①“HeisaChinese.”“SoamI.”②“Tomcandance.”“SocanMary.”③“MotherwillgotoBeijing.”“SowillI.”④IhavebeentoAmerica.SohasLiLei.⑤ShelikesEnglish.Sodothey.⑥Lilyplayedbasketyesterday.SodidLucy.小小诊所:so前面的句子都是肯定句。若前面的句子是否定句,那就不能用so引导这个句子了,而应该用二、“Neither/Nor+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”(某人也不)①“Heisn’taChinese.”“NeitheramI.”②“Tomcan’tdance.”“NeithercanMary.”③“Motherwon’tgotoBeijing.”“NeitherwillI.”④Ihaven’tbeentoAmerica.NeitherhasLiLei.⑤Shedoesn’tlikeEnglish.Neitherdothey.⑥---Lilydidn’tplaybasketballyesterday.---NeitherdidLucy.⑦“Idon’tlikeplayingwiththatgirl.”“Neitherdoeshe.”表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者,前后两句的主语是不同的。六年级下册Ilikefastcars.SodoIIdo,too.Idon’tlikesnakes.NeitherdoIIdon’t,either.常考题型:26
一、听力1.听句子中的单词,或者直接听单词2.根据听到的内容选择相应的回答的句子3.选出与听到的句子相同意思的句子4.听短文,判断正误。二、语音:选出与画线部分相同的读音三、用所给词的正确形式填空四、单项选择五、根据几个简单句子连成完整的一段话六、完形填空七、根据图片内容,完成对话八、阅读理解:1.选出正确的答案。2,判断正误。3,回答问题。九、改错十、书面表达:作文26