初中英语语法复习：宾语从句11单元ok 22页

语法专项复习------宾语从句 一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。（由一个句子充当宾语）eg.Iknowtheanswer.(名词做宾语)IknowthatTomgetstheanswer.(句子做宾语,叫做宾语从句） 二、宾语从句三要素：连接词时态语序 （一）连接词1.连词that引导：作从句的原句是陈述句。Eg:HetoldmethatMr.SmithwasournewChineseteacher.2.if/whether“是否”，用它引导从句，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句。Eg:Sheaskedifyouhadhadlunch. 3.当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代词和连接副词引导：what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,how,why,howfar,howlong,howmany,howmuch,howoften…作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义。eg:Ididn’thear____hewantedmetodo.Iwanttoknow____isthatyoungman.Tomaskedus____wewouldstarttheparty. （二）语序：陈述句语序（三）时态：主现从任，主过从过即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）永远都是陈述句语序,宾语从句的标点符号由主句决定.e.g.Heaskedmewhowastheboy.()Heaskedmewhotheboywas.() 2、当主句是过去时时，从句也要用过去的某个时态Eg:Shetellsmethatshemadeamistakeyesterday.Eg:Shetoldmethatshehadmanystamps.1、一般要求宾语从句的时态要与主句时态保持一致，但当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据情况使用任何时态 特殊情况：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960. 三、注意事项(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere? (二)只能用whether不能用if的情况 1.在介词后面：I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Wedidn’tthinkaboutwhetheritwouldrainthenextday.2.在动词不定式前：Theyaskedmewhethertositatthefront. 3.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.宾语从句提前时：Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay. 5.在动词discuss后的宾语从句中:Wediscussedwhetherwewouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether：Whetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.Thequestionwaswhetherhewenttherelastnight. (三)用if不用whether的情况:1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时：HeaskedmeifIhadn’tfinishmyhomework.2.引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”时:We’llgohikingifitdoesn’traintomorrow. 四、宾语从句转化为简单句1.当主从句的主语一致时：1)Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.2)Johndidn’tdecidewhichshirthewouldbuy.Johndidn’tdecidewhichshirttobuy. Idon’tknowwhatIcansaynext.=Idon’tknowwhattosaynext.Hedoesn’twherehecanmakeaphonecall.=Hedoesn’tknowwheretomakeaphonecall.主句和从句的主语为同一人，宾语从句可转换为动词不定式结构。如下所示： 2.当主句的谓语含有双宾语时，如果间宾与从句（直宾）中的主语一致时：1)CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepolicestation?Canyoutellmehowtogettothepolicestation?2)PleaseshowmehowIshouldstarttherecorder.Pleaseshowmehowtostarttherecorder. 3.当主句的谓语动词是order,require等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可转化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构:Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce. 4.其他转换：1)Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.Heinsistedongoingwithus.2)Wefoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.Wefoundthattheboxveryheavy. Exercise:1._____hewilltellus____hedidn’ttakethemoneyisstillaquestion.A.if;ifB.whether;whetherC.whether;ifD.if;whether2.Thisistheroom____welivedinlastyear.3.Thisistheroom____welivedlastyear.4.It’sonlytwodays____wespentonholidays. 6.Thisisthefactory____wevisitedlastweek.A.ItB.whatC.whichD.who7.Idon’tknow____winterstartsinChina. Goodbye!