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  • 2022-06-17 16:02:44 发布

初中英语语法复习:宾语从句11单元ok

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语法专项复习------宾语从句 一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句属于名词性从句,在句中作主句的宾语。(由一个句子充当宾语)eg.Iknowtheanswer.(名词做宾语)IknowthatTomgetstheanswer.(句子做宾语,叫做宾语从句) 二、宾语从句三要素:连接词时态语序 (一)连接词1.连词that引导:作从句的原句是陈述句。Eg:HetoldmethatMr.SmithwasournewChineseteacher.2.if/whether“是否”,用它引导从句,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。原句为一般疑问句,选择疑问句或反意疑问句。Eg:Sheaskedifyouhadhadlunch. 3.当从句原本是特殊疑问句时,用以下连接代词和连接副词引导:what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,how,why,howfar,howlong,howmany,howmuch,howoften…作用:连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义。eg:Ididn’thear____hewantedmetodo.Iwanttoknow____isthatyoungman.Tomaskedus____wewouldstarttheparty. (二)语序:陈述句语序(三)时态:主现从任,主过从过即:主句+连接词+从句(主+谓+其他成分)永远都是陈述句语序,宾语从句的标点符号由主句决定.e.g.Heaskedmewhowastheboy.()Heaskedmewhotheboywas.() 2、当主句是过去时时,从句也要用过去的某个时态Eg:Shetellsmethatshemadeamistakeyesterday.Eg:Shetoldmethatshehadmanystamps.1、一般要求宾语从句的时态要与主句时态保持一致,但当主句是一般现在时时,从句可根据情况使用任何时态 特殊情况:1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,任用现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2.从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍然用一般过去时。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960. 三、注意事项(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时,语序不变:What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere? (二)只能用whether不能用if的情况 1.在介词后面:I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Wedidn’tthinkaboutwhetheritwouldrainthenextday.2.在动词不定式前:Theyaskedmewhethertositatthefront. 3.当与ornot连用,或提出两种选择时:Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.宾语从句提前时:Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay. 5.在动词discuss后的宾语从句中:Wediscussedwhetherwewouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether:Whetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.Thequestionwaswhetherhewenttherelastnight. (三)用if不用whether的情况:1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时:HeaskedmeifIhadn’tfinishmyhomework.2.引导条件状语从句,if意为“如果”时:We’llgohikingifitdoesn’traintomorrow. 四、宾语从句转化为简单句1.当主从句的主语一致时:1)Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.2)Johndidn’tdecidewhichshirthewouldbuy.Johndidn’tdecidewhichshirttobuy. Idon’tknowwhatIcansaynext.=Idon’tknowwhattosaynext.Hedoesn’twherehecanmakeaphonecall.=Hedoesn’tknowwheretomakeaphonecall.主句和从句的主语为同一人,宾语从句可转换为动词不定式结构。如下所示: 2.当主句的谓语含有双宾语时,如果间宾与从句(直宾)中的主语一致时:1)CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepolicestation?Canyoutellmehowtogettothepolicestation?2)PleaseshowmehowIshouldstarttherecorder.Pleaseshowmehowtostarttherecorder. 3.当主句的谓语动词是order,require等时,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可转化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构:Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce. 4.其他转换:1)Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.Heinsistedongoingwithus.2)Wefoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.Wefoundthattheboxveryheavy. Exercise:1._____hewilltellus____hedidn’ttakethemoneyisstillaquestion.A.if;ifB.whether;whetherC.whether;ifD.if;whether2.Thisistheroom____welivedinlastyear.3.Thisistheroom____welivedlastyear.4.It’sonlytwodays____wespentonholidays. 6.Thisisthefactory____wevisitedlastweek.A.ItB.whatC.whichD.who7.Idon’tknow____winterstartsinChina. Goodbye!