2018届高考英语语法非谓语动词不定式用法 4页

备考2018届高考英语语法非谓语动词之不定式英语中的动词不定式在考试中是比较常见的。不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。以下是动词不定时的用法解析。　　1)动词不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。　　【例如】　　Tocompletethe30storiedbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.　　Todothatimpliestakingresponsibility.　　当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。　　【例如】　　Itisimportantformodernyoungpeopletomasteratleasttwoforeignlanguages.　　It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：　　a)Itis+形容词(easy,important,difficult,foolish,inconvenient,unnecessary,right,wrong...)+(for/ofsb.)+不定式　　【例如】　　ItisessentialtoreserveatableinadvanceofChristmasEve.　　Itisnoteasytocatchfishwithyourhandsonly.　　ItisimportantforusyoungpeopletolearnEnglishandmasterit.　　b)Itis+名词(apleasure,apity,apleasantthing,one’sduty,anhonor,ashame,acrime,noeasyjob...)+不定式　　Itisasheerwasteoftimetoreadthatkindoftrash.　　Itisapitytohavetogowithouther.　　Itisagloriousdeathtodieforthepeople.　　c)Ittakes(sb.)sometime(hours,months,days,alotoftime,patience...)+不定式　　IttakesmethreehourstolearnEnglisheachday.　　Ittookthemhalfthenighttogethomeinthesnow.　　2)动词不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等。　　【例如】　　Themostimportantthingforone’shealthistohaveplentyofexercise.　　Mychiefpurposehasbeentopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.　　Thepurposeoftheorganizationistogreetallnewcomerstothecityandtoprovidethemwithanynecessaryinformation.　　WhatIwantedwastogettheworkdoneasquicklyaspossible.　　3)动词不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：　　afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,preparepretend,promise,refuse,resolve,seek,tend,threaten,4 want等。　　【例如】　　Iliketogooutforwalksinthewarmsunshineinspring.Mymotherhatestomovefromplacetoplace.Idecidetoworkhardandgetdoctor’sdegree.　　Theroomisdesignedtobemystudy,butnowithastobeusedasabedroomforthechildren.　　Shefailedtofinishtheassignmentintime,andshewasworriedaboutit.　　ThereisamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans______________trouble.　　A)makingB)tomakeC)tohavemadeD)havingmademean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，应用一般式，因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中;主语+动词+it+形容词+不定式。　　【例如】Wefounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwellincollege.使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe,consider,declare,feel,find,guess,imagine,prove,realize,suppose,think,等。　　4)“wh-+不定式”结构,不定式前加一个疑问代词(what,which,who,whom,whose)或疑问副词(where,when,how,why)，以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。　　常见的可以接这种动词不定式短语的动词有：　　know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。　　【例如】Icouldn’tdecidewhichbooktochoose.Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook.TheyfoundithardtodecidewhethertogoswimmingnextSundayortovisitAuntSallyinNewYear.“wh-+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。　　【例如】　　Whentostarttheprogramremainsundecided.Thequestionishowtoputtheplansintopractice.　　5)动词不定式作状语　　a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于soas和inorder之后，来强调这种目的。　　【例如】　　Tolearnaforeignlanguagewell,youmustmakepainstakingefforts.Mothersavedeverycentshecouldsparetopayformyschooling.Wemustdevelopscienceandtechnologyathighspeedsoastoraisescientificand4 culturallevelofourcountry.InordertogetahighmarkinBand4,hedidalotofexercisesbothingrammarandreadingcomprehension.　　b)动词不定式表示结果，特别是在so...asto,such...asto,onlyto...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。　　【例如】　　IrushedtothestationasfastasIcould,onlytofindthetrainalreadygone.Sheleftherhometownwithherbelovedman,nevertoreturn..Nooneistoooldtolearn.　　Wouldyoubesokindastocarrytheluggageforme?　　c)动词不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：beableto,beafraidto,beaptto,beboundto,becertainto,beeasyto,beeagerto,befitto,belikelyto,bereadyto,besureto,beunableto,beunwillingto,bewillingto等。　　【例如】　　ChineseteamisboundtowintheWorldCup.　　Itislikelytoraintoday,foritisverycloudy.　　Iamwillingtohelpyouwithyourhomework,forwearefriends.　　6)动词不定式作宾语补语,不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：ask,advise,allow,beg,cause,compel,command,enable,encourage,expect,feel,force,find,hear,have,inform,invite,let,make,mean,notice,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,request,teach,tell,urge,watch,warn,watch等。　　【例如】　　Becauseofthecomplexityofthemodernequipments,mostofficesrequiresecretariestohavespecifiedtraining.Heaskedyoutocallhimatteno’clock.强化记忆：不定式todo通常在句子中作目的、原因、结果状语a.作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：todo,inordertodo,soastodo(不用于句首)b.原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy,sorry,glad,sad,surpried,disappointed.不定式不放在句首。如：Iamsorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.c.结果：常用onlytodo…来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。另外　固定结构：too…todo,enoughtodo,so/such…astodo中，不定式也作结果状语。d.在形容词后作状语，只用不定式　如：Thebookiseasytoread.(=Itiseasytoreadthebook.)Wefindthelakesafetoswimin.(注意尾介词)l不定式主动todo（一般式）tohavedone（完成式）tobedoingl被动tobedone（一般式）tohavebeendone（完成式）1、不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，即用句型：Itis+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.It’skindofyoutohelpus.4 注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：　It’snogood/usedoingsth.It’suselessdoingsth.Thereisnoneedtodosth.2、只能接不定式的动词：a.（想要）want,wouldlike,wouldprefer,　ask,demand,intend,desire,b.(希望)　wish,hope,expect,c.（决定）agree,decide,manage,promise,choose,continue,plan,prepare,makeupone’smind,tryone’sbest,offer,apply,d.happen,learn,fail,pretend,refuse,afford3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：remembertodo记得去做，　rememberdoing记得做过forgettodo忘记去做，　forgetdoing忘记做过了,regrettodo遗憾去做，regretdoing后悔做过,trytodo设法去做，trydoing试着做,goontodo接着做另一件事，goondoing继续做同一件事,meantodo打算做，meandoing意味着做,stoptodo停下来去做，stopdoing停止做,canthelp(to)do不能帮助做，can’thelpdoing忍不住做。如：InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans____foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting4、介词but（除了）后接不定式：如：havenochoicebuttodosth.　没有别的选择　只好做…但当but前有行为动词　do时，but后的不定式省to.如：Sandycoulddonothingbut____thathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit5、permit/allow(允许)，advise(建议)，forbid(禁止)，有两种用法：一是后接动名词，二是后接“sb.+todosth”6、need,want,require意为“需要”，主语是物时，用句型：need,want,require+doing/tobedone（用动词ing主动形式表被动意义）易混淆，需注意：1、含介词to的短语lookforwardto盼望，devote…to致力于、献身于，be/getusedto习惯于，　leadto导致，getdownto着手做，payattentionto注意，referto谈到，所指，参考，equalto等于，能胜任，belongto属于如：MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto___someschoolforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup2、只能接动名词的动词：suggest,advise(建议),finish,mind(介意)，enjoy(喜欢)，appreciate(鉴赏，感激)，forbid禁止），avoid(避免)，can’thelpdoing(忍不住)，risk(冒险)，feellike(想要)，delay,putoff（推迟），giveup(放弃)，bebusy(忙于)，beworth(值得)，practise(反复练习)3、要接动名词的几个句型　prevent/stop/keepsb./sthfromdoing…(阻止…做)　spend/wastetime/moneyindoingsth.在…花费或浪费时间或钱　howabout/whataboutdoinghavesomedifficulty/trouble/problemsindoing在做…　有困难　haveahard/goodtimeindoing做…很艰难或做…很愉快　Thereisnosense/pointindoing4