1 英语语法名词用法名词练习题及答案介词练习题答案 整理 11页

英语语法――名词一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、地方或抽象概念的名称的词。二、名词的分类名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词是某个（某些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词；物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：专有名词物质名词不可数名词名词抽象名词普通名词集体名词可数名词个体名词专有名词名词个体名词可数名词集体名词普通名词物质名词不可数名词抽象名词三、可数名词和不可数名词的基本用法1.可数名词单数时，前面有_____________；复数时后面有_______________ 2.不可数名词不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water,news,oil,population,information.金木水火土，肉面布食茶，液体粉末状，都是不可数。①前面没有__________；后面没有_________，②可用________修饰，______有___________。③不可数名词当作单数使用。例如：Waterisimportant.不可数名词的计量方法（1）一般用“数字+of+计量单位+名词”表示，（注意：当数字大于一时，表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式）。如：apieceofnews一则新闻apieceofmeat一块肉aglassofwine一杯酒twobowlsofrice两碗米asumofmoney一笔钱fivebagsofflour5袋面粉adropofwater一滴水threebottlesofmilk三瓶牛奶twopiecesofadvice两条建议（2）用much/some/alittle/little（几乎没有）/alotof/plentyof，abitof，agreatdealof,alargeamountof+不可数名词注：有些修饰语既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，如all,some,enough,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,a(large)quantityof等。--如觉得难，可暂不掌握。四、可数名词的规则复数变化情况构成方法读音例词清辅音后读Maps,computers,bottles/s/一般情况加-s浊辅音和元Bags,cars音后读/z/读/iz/Bus--buses,watch--watches以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加-es以ce,se,ze,Brush--brushes,box--boxes等结尾读/iz/license--licenses以辅音字母+y结尾baby—babies,story—stories,（以元音字母+y的，yies读/z/country—countries,属于一般情况）boy—boys,toy--toysnegroes,heroes,volcanoes,有生命的加-espotatoes,tomatoes,mangoes,无生命的属于以o结尾：mosquitoes一般情况。pianos,photos,radios,videos（特殊情况，zero两种都可---zeros/zeroes）Half—halves,leaf—leaves,self—selves,wife—wives,-f/fe-vesknife—knives,wolf-wolves,以f、fe结尾thief—thieves,shelf—shelves,life--lives特殊情况：Roof—roofsGiraffe-giraffes（belief---beliefssafe---safesgulf---gulfs）（还有两种方法均可，handkerchief:handkerchiefs/ handkerchieves）五、可数名词的不规则复数变化1.鱼鹿羊的复数鱼鹿羊：fish,deer,sheep不变。但fish表示很多不同类的鱼时，按常规变化fishes.鹅牛鼠：Goose—geese,Ox—oxen,Mouse—mice男人女人：man—men,woman—women,小孩的脚牙：child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teeth注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。2.X国人的复数中日两瑞永不变：Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,Swedish英法荷兰a变e:Englishman—_____,Frenchman—_____Dutchman--_____(因为是合成词)其它国人加s:American--________,Australian—__________重点提防德国人:German—______（因为不是合成词，所以按正常变化）3.合成词的复数（有两个名词组成的词）男人女人前后变，其他只有主体变（一般就是变后面），没有主体加后面。男人女人前后都变：Manteacher--_________womandoctor--_______________其他只有主体变：Boystudent--______pencilbox--_____appletree--______Mother-in-law—mothers-in-law(岳母)passer-by--passers-by(过路人)没有主体加后面：4.特殊情况――先不掌握◆单复同形的，除deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese外，以汉语拼音表示的量词，如li，jin，yuan（里、斤、元）单复同形，twoli，threemu，fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。◆集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实际为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle.theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时作复数用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。◆单词本身以s结尾，实际为单数的名词，如：maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。news为不可数名词。theUnitedStates（美国），theUnitedNations（联合国）是单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。 ◆以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。◆由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）trousers（裤子）,clothes（衣服）等，本身就是复数。若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。◆另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种鱼）。六、名词的所有格表示两个名词之间的所有关系1.有生命的名词的所有格◆单数名词，加-’sThatisLily’sbunny.(Lily的兔子)◆规则复数，加-’（变为s’）Theyarethegirls’bunny.(女孩们的兔子)Charles’wedding.(Charles的婚礼)◆不规则复数，按一般情况加-’sChildren’sbunny.◆A和B共同拥有的东西，只在B后面加-’sLilyandMary’sbunny.(Lily和Mary共有的兔子)◆A和B分别拥有的东西，A、B后面都加-’sLily’sandMary’sbunnies.(Lily的兔子和Mary的兔子，注意后面是复数)2.无生命的名词的所有格一般用of表示。AofB.------B的A。Thedooroftheroom.不能用theroom’sdoor，因为它没有生命，不能拥有东西。thetitleofthesong3.特殊名词的所有格◆双重所有格比如，某人（或许多人）的东西中的一个（或一些）a/some+n.+ofsb’s.(sb=somebody)Heisastudentofmymother’s.我妈妈学生中的一个。我妈妈的一个学生。◆变态所有格—路程、时间的所有格单数时在路程、时间单位后加’s，复数时加s’。anhour’stalk一小时的谈话/twohours’talk2小时的谈话/tenmiles’walk.十分钟的路程同时，也可以用“打包”的方式，写成单数形式。Twohours’talk.=atwo-hourtalk.（第二个相当于打包了，所以是单数）aten-milewalk==tenmiles’walkTherewasnobusinthatsmallstreet.Wehadaten-milewalk.◆某人住宅、店铺（姓氏、职业的所有格）The+姓氏’s---表示某人的家：theTom’s----Tom的，也就是Tom的家的简单说法。The+姓氏s---表示一家人：theToms----“这些姓Tom的”，国外一家人都是同姓的，所以表示Tom一家人的意思。 The+职业’s---表示xx店铺：thedoctor’s----医生的，医生的东西当然是诊所，所以是诊所（clinic）的意思。Gotothedoctor’s.atthedoctor’s.thebutcher’s(肉店)thebarber’s(理发店)◆节日表达教师节：Teachers’Day.复数形式，可以理解为一个人有很多老师，所以是复数父亲节：Father’sDay.单数形式，可以理解为一个人只有一个父亲，所以单数。◆复合名词或短语，"s加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：amonthortwo"sabsence七、易错点1.名词修饰名词ashoeshop2.时间距离twohour’stalk=atwo-hourtalk.3.xx家，xx店。八、其它可不掌握不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较：Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）Thesecakesaresweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数）b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：Thisfactoryproducessteel.（不可数）Weneedvarioussteels.（可数）c.当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice一则建议。九、其它可不掌握定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。例如：sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系2）man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如： menworkerswomenteachersgentlemenofficials3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：goodstrain（货车）armsproduce武器生产customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozeneggs两打鸡蛋aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.一个五年计划1.8练习1.Hewaseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveonhis_______.a．littlewageb.fewwagec.waged.wages2.Mostofthehousesinthevillagewereburntto______duringthewar.a.anashb.theashc.ashd.ashes3.Thestudentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremaking______forthecomingNewYear.a.manypreparationsb.muchpreparationc.preparationsd.preparation4.Paintingin_____isoneoftheirspare-timeactivities.a.oilb.anoilc.oilsd.theoil5.Intheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn’t____oilhere.a.muchb.lotsofc.agreatdealofd.many6.Thelargehousesarebeingpainted,but______.a.ofgreatexpenseb.atagreatexpensec.inalotofexpensesd.byhighexpense7.Theroomwassmallandcontainedfartoo______.a.muchnewfurniturec.muchnewfurnituresb.manynewfurnitured.manynewfurnitures8.Jimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe______.a.roomsnumberb.roomnumberc.room’snumbersd.roomnumbers9.Computerscando______workinashorttime,butamancannotdo______byhimself.agreatmany…manyc.much…agreatdealb.agreatdealof…muchd.many…agreatmany10.Shedidn’tknow_____hehadbeengiven. a.howmanyinformationc.howmanyinformationsb.thenumberofinformationd.howmuchinformation11.Heinvitedallofhis______tojoinhisweddingparty.a.comrade-in-armsc.comrades-in-armb.comrades-in-armsd.comrade-in-arm12.Allthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth.a.womendoctorsc.womandoctorsb.womendoctord.womandoctor13.Aftertenyears,alltheseyoungstersbecame_____.a.growns-upsc.growns-upb.grown-upd.grown-ups14.Thepoliceinvestigatedthose_____abouttheaccident.a.stander-byc.standers-byb.stander-bysd.standers-bys15.TheNazikeptthose______intheirconcentrationcamp.a.prisoner-of-warsc.prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-of-warsd.prisoner-of-war16.Themanagerwasgreatlyappreciatethat_____madebyLindalately.a.newreelb.newsreelc.new-reelsd.newsreels17.Mary’sdressissimilarinappearancetoher______.a.eldersisterb.eldersister’sc.eldersistersd.eldersistersdress18.Allthepeopleattheconferenceare______.a.mathematicteachersc.mathematicsteacherb.mathematicsteachersd.mathematic’steachers19.ProfessorMackaytoldusthat______ofleadareitssoftnessanditsresistance.a.somepropertyc.propertiesb.somepropertiesd.property20.Physics_____withmatterandmotion.a.dealb.dealsc.dealingd.are21.Hehaswrittenseveralbooks,buthislastworks_____wellknownamonghisfriends.a.haveb.havebeenc.isd.are22.Afterhecheckedupmy______heart,thedoctoradvisedhimtorestforafewdays.a.father-in-law’sc.father’s-in-lawb.father-in-lawd.father’s-in-law’s23.Hetoldme_____wouldcometohisbirthdayparty.a.manyJackfriendsc.manyJack’sfriendb.Jack’smanyfriendsd.manyfriendsofJack’s24.Ihadmyhaircutatthe_____aroundthecorner. a.barberb.barbersc.barber’sd.barbers’25.Yesterdayeveningwehadalovelyeveningat______.a.PeterandHelen’sc.PeterandHelenb.PeterandHelensd.Peter’sandHelen’s26.______receivesonlyasmallportionofthetotalamountofthesun’senergy.a.Theearth’ssurfacec.Thesurfaceofearthb.Thesurfaceearthd.Theearthsurface27.Numerousmaterialsareavailableto______.a.todayofdesignersc.today’sofdesignersb.today’sdesignersd.todaydesigners28.WhydidyouspeaktoPeterthatway?Don’tyouknowheisanoldfriendof______?a.mybrotherb.mybrothersc.mybrother’sd.mybrother’sfriend29.______isawell-informedman.Hecantellyouanythingyouwanttoknow.a.ThisJohn’soldfriendc.That’sJahn’soldfriendb.ThisoldfriendofJohnd.ThisoldfriendofJohn’s30.______istoomuchforalittleboytocarry.a.Abike’sweightc.Theweightofabikeb.Theweightsofabiked.Bile’sweight31.Generallythereare______televisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.a.littleb.muchc.alargenumberofd.alargeamountof32.Whentheygottothelecture-room,therewere______left.a.onlyfewseatsb.averyfewseatsc.onlyafewseatsd.soafewseats33.______travelsfasterwhenthezipcodeisindicatedontheenvelope.a.Alittlemailb.Apieceofmailc.Amaild.Asmallmail34.TheDepartmentpurchased______toimprovetheworkingconditionsthere.a.anewequipmentc.newequipmentsb.anewpieceofequipmentd.newpiecesofequipments35.Theboytriedhardbuttherehasbeen______inhiswork.a.littleimprovementc.manyimprovementsb.alittleimprovementd.fewimprovements36.Today’smodernTVcamerasrequire______lightascomparedwiththeearliermodels.a.onlyafewb.onlyfewc.onlyalittled.onlylittle37.Nocountrycanaffordtoneglect______.a.aneducationb.educationsc.educationd.theeducation38.Pleasewritetheanswerstothequestionsattheendof______.a.eighthchapterb.chaptereightc.eightchapterd.chaptertheeight39.______isonlysurpassedbythatofmonkeys’andapes’.a.Theintelligentdogc.Theintelligenceofdogs b.Thedogswhoseintelligenced.Thedogsbeingintelligent40.All______musttakethegraduateManagementAdmissionTest.a.businessstudentb.business’sstudentsc.businessstudentsd.business’sstudent41.______anywhereintheUnitedStatescostslessthanadollarwhenyoudialityourself.a.Threeminutescallc.Athree-minutescallb.Three-minutecalld.Athree-minutecall42.The______aboutnuclearenergyrevolvesaroundthewasteproblem.a.public’schiefconcernc.chiefpublicconcernb.publicchiefconcernd.chiefconcernofpublic’s43.______thefirstandlargestethnicgrouptoworkontheconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroad.a.Chinesewereb.TheChinesewasc.Chinesewasd.TheChinesewere44.______cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants.a.Looker-onb.Lookers-onc.Looker-onsc.Lookers-ons45.Agroupofspectatorswasdispersedbythepolicewho______atthesceneoftheaccidentswithinminutes.a.wereb.havebeenc.wasd.hasbeen46.Ourlivestock______notasnumerousastheyusedtobe.a.isb.arec.bed.been47.Oneofthemostsurprisingthingsisthat______maycomefrompetroleum.a.muchoftomorrowfoodc.manyoftomorrow’sfoodb.muchofthefoodoftomorrowd.muchoftomorrow’sfood48.Scottisanorphanbuthereceived______.a.verygoodeducationc.averygoodeducationb.verygoodeducationsd.manygoodeducations49.Afterseveralday’shardworking,wehavemade______onthedesign.a.muchimprovementc.manyimprovementb.severalimprovementsd.someimprovement50.Theboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesata______yesterday.a.shoesshopb.shoeshopc.shoes’sshopd.shoe’s51.Eggs,thoughnourishing,have______offatcontent.a.largenumberb.alargenumberc.ahighamountd.thehighamount52.Hehasdonesome______onthatsubjectfromvariousanglesoverthepasttenyears.a.researchb.aresearchc.researchesd.theresearches53.Recently,hehaslostallhis______.a.wageandsavingatcardc.wagesandsavingatcardb.wagesandsavingsatcardd.wagesandsavingsatcards 54.Thecountry’swealthcomeschieflyfromitsmany______.a.herdofcattleb.heardofcattlesc.herdsofcattled.herdsofcattles55.InBritainthe______areallpaintedred.a.letterboxesb.lettersboxc.lettersboxesd.letters’sbox56.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad______.a.alittlewhitehairc.afewwhitehairb.somewhitehaird.muchwhitehair57.Allhis______farfromsatisfactiona.conductisb.conductarec.conductsisd.conductswillbe58.Althoughthetownhadbeenattackedbythestormseveraltimes,______wasdone.a.afewdamagesb.fewdamagesc.littledamaged.alittledamage59.Hewas______whattodo.a.athiswitendb.athiswitsendc.athiswit’sendd.athiswits’send60.Wouldyouliketohaveacupofteaand______withme?atwotoastsb.twopiecesoftoastc.twopieceoftoastsd.towpiecesoftoasts61.Accurate______coveringthefactarenotobtainable.a.datumb.datumsc.datad.datas62.OnMondaymorningsometeachersexchangedafew______.a.how-are-yousc.how-are-you’sb.ofhow-are-you’sd.ofhowareyou63.Albertsaidhemetthegirl______a.athisuncle’sSmithroomc.athisuncleSmith’sroomb.atSmith’shisuncle’sroomd.attheroomofhisuncle’sSmith’s64.ItisfourmonthssinceIlastsawKeats______.a.atMrtSmith’s,thebooksellerc.atmyaunt’s,abooksellerb.atmyaunt’s,MrsPalmer’sd.atMrsPalmer’s,thebookseller’s65.Thisroomis______.a.theeditor’s-in-chief’sofficec.theeditor-in-chief’sofficeb.theeditor-in-chiefofficed.theeditor’s-in-chiefoffice66.Myoldclassmate,ComradeSun,worksat______.a.ateachercollegec.ateacher’scollegeb.ateachers’scolleged.acollegeofateacher’s67.Thepolicemenputthecriminal______.a.inaironb.intoaironc.inironsd.intoapairofiron68.Ourteachergaveme______.a.anadviceb.theadvicec.manyadviced.muchadvice69.Mymothercuttheclothwith______scissors.a.ab.twoc.acoupleofd.apairof 70.Myhouseiswithin______fromtherailwaystation.a.astone’sthrowb.athrowofastonec.stone’sthrowd.thestone’sthrow名词练习答案1D15B29D43D57A2D16B30B44B58C3C17B31C45A59D4C18C32C46B60B5A19C33B47D61C6C20B34C48B62B7A21C35A49C63B8D22A36C50B64D9C23D37C51C65B10D24C38B52A66C11C25A39B53D67C12A26A40C54C68D13D27C41D55A69D14B28C42A56D70A