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  • 2022-06-17 16:03:23 发布

高中英语语法-被动语态详解课件 (共38张PPT)

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被动语态PassiveVoice WarmingupLoveToBeLovedByYou是一首旋律优美的英文歌曲,演唱者是美国流行歌手马克·特伦茨(MarcTerenzi)。2005年,Marc与德国歌手莎拉·寇娜(SarahConnor)结婚时,将这首歌作为爱的礼物献给妻子。 Task1FilltheblankbythesongBaby,tellmehowcanItellyou ThatIyoumorethanlife ShowmehowcanIshowyou ThatI’mbyyourlight WhenyoutouchmeIcantouchyou Tofindoutthedreamistrue Itobeloved Ineedtobe Itobebyyouloveblindedlovelovedloveloved Summary:主动or被动?主动被动ThatIloveyoumorethanlifeThatI’mblindedbyyourlightIlovetobelovedIneedtobelovedIlovetobelovedbyyou (一)语态分类(六)总结:被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化(四)常见的八种时态中的被动语态(五)含有情态动词的被动语态:(二)被动语态的使用(三)主动语态变被动语态的方法 (一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。一般现在时:一般过去时:一般将来时:一般过去将来时:现在进行时:过去进行时:现在完成时:过去完成时:将来完成时:过去将来完成时:[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。am/is/are+donewas/were+doneshall/will+bedoneshould/would+bedoneam/is/are+being+donewas/were+being+donehave/has+been+donehad+been+doneshall/will+havebeen+doneshould/would+havebeen+done 常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时:(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn"tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher. ❶.Ifhe___enoughtime,hewillcomeupwithanidea.A.givesB.willgiveC.isgivenD.willbegiven❷.Anewfilmisgoingto___thisSunday.A.showB.showingC.beshownD.beshowing summary主动语态S(主语)+v(动词)S(主语)+am/is/are+过去分词(done)一般现在时(simplepresent): Task3GroupWork1一般过去时:一般将来时:情态动词:?S+was/were+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+can/may/must/shoud+be+P.P. (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态2.一般过去时:(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidn"tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten. (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态3.一般将来时:(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers. ❻.Ipromisethatthematterwill______.(NMET)A.betadencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof析:takecareof…是固定短语,若无of则不可带宾语,只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。 (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态4.过去将来时:(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible. (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态5.现在进行时:(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted. ❼.—Haveyougottheresultofthelastexamination?—Notyet.We’vebeentoldthatthepapers________. A.aremarkedB.arebeingmarked C.havebeenmarkedD.weremarked此题答案应为B。 ❽.Wecan’tusethebridgenow,becauseit____.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态6.过去进行时:(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear. (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态7.现在完成时:(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere. (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态8.过去完成时:(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(2)Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader. Alotofnewroads___builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have⑪.Hiscar___tomorrow.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired (四)含有情态动词的被动语态:含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim. AskandanswerwatereverydayathomemygrandmaA:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.A:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.WhenWhereWho sweeponweekendsinthekitchenmymotherWhenwherewho (五)主动语态变被动语态的方法Iboughtacomputerlastterm.Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.宾(受动者)主谓Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.Task4 语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留宾语× 注意:1.一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus. 3.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如:Nobodycananswerthisquestion.误:Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正:Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.× 6.并不是所有动词都有被动语态1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如:[误]GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978. 2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如:[误]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.[正]Thedoorhasopenedofitself.8.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如:TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof. 9.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则需改换动词或时态。如: Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought? 10.在汉语中,有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,例如:据说……Itissaidthat…据报导……Itisreportedthat…据推测……Itissupposedthat…希望……Itishopedthat…众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…普遍认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人建议……Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp. 2021/9/201.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavelistenedtohersing.2.TomorrowisChristmas.3.John`shairisfallingoutrecently.4.TheseforeignersvisitedGuangzhoulastspring.5.hehasworkedherefor20years. 2021/9/206.HaveyoubeentotheMoon?7.HechangedhismindlastFriday.8.HehaschangedhismindsincelastFriday.9.MychothesarewetwhileIamwalkingintherainallthetime.10.TheyhadpreparedeverythingbeforeIcame. Homework1.用被动语态列举学习英语的重要性,写3个句子。e.g.Englishisusedasaninternationallanguage.2.课本P56练习3,翻译题3.英语周报第13期第4版 Thankyou!