2018高考英语语法填空形容词或副词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题(含解析) 12页

2018高考英语语法填空：形容词或副词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题（含解析）高考英语语法填空******有提示词的解题技巧【括号内提供的是形容词或副词】如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查形容词，即要变成形容词形式。如：________(actual)IbelievedIwouldworkforafewyears，getmarried，stayhomeandraiseafamily，soIdidn’tthinkthejobItookmatteredthatmuch.答案　Moreactually该空需要填入副词actually在句子中作状语。有的考生填入moreactually，虽然词性是对的，但是这里没有上下文比较的关系，逻辑语义不同，考生不能将语言的语法规则和语用功能有效地结合。再如：“Thirty－fivecents，”shesaid________(rude)．答案　rudely　此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词，要用来修饰动词said，所以要使用副词形式。但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如：Atlast，hercourageand________(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrincetonUniversity.答案　wisdom　括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。另外，通常有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。如：Oneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher...因为这里是oneofthe＋名词复数的形式，表示……其中之一，因此范围是三者或三者以上，因此形容词需要用最高级的形式worst。跟踪选编题A (2016·湖南东部六校高三联考)OneofthemajorholidayshoppingdaysisthedayafterThanksgiving.Itis__1__(frequent)referredtoasBlackFriday.Theuseoftheword“black”relates__2__thebusinessaccountants.Storekeepersusedtorecordprofitsinblackinkandlossesinredink.So__3__(be)“intheblack”ontheFridayafterThanksgivingmeansagoodthing，areturntoprofits.BlackFridayisthebigdayformanyretailers，anditpresentstheshopperanopportunity__4__(get)allofone’sholidayshoppingdoneatonceamongamazingsaleprices.Onthatday，mostretailerswillopenveryearly__5__usuallyprovidemassiveandattractivediscountsontheirproducts，whileagreatnumberofholidayshopperswillget__6__earlystartinthemorningtobeginChristmasshopping.BlackFridayalsomeansthatpeoplefacecrowdedstores，__7__istheotherideaofa“BlackFriday”，adaytheydonotlike.Itusedtobethe__8__(busy)shoppingdayofayear.Manypeopleavoidthisshoppingdayaltogetherbecauseofthestress__9__(involve)infightingthecrowds.InrecentyearstheSaturdaybeforeChristmas__10__(see)thebiggestshoppingcrowds.【语篇导读】　本文介绍了黑色星期五的由来。1．frequently　[考查副词。句意：它频繁地被称作“黑色星期五”。空处修饰动词短语isreferredto，应用副词。]2．to　[考查固定搭配。relateto...“和……有关”，是固定短语。]3．being　[考查动名词作主语。分析句子结构可知，本处应用动名词短语being“intheblack”ontheFridayafterThanksgiving作主语。]4．toget　[考查非谓语动词。它给顾客一个以惊人的价格获得商品的机会。本处应用动词不定式作theopportunity的定语。]5．and　[考查并列连词。多数的商家都会早早地开门迎客，同时为顾客提供很多吸引人的折扣。本处and连接两个并列的谓语。]6．an　[考查冠词。anearlystart“一个早的开始”，此处表示泛指，故应用不定冠词；又因early的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。] 7．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本处应为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的“peoplefacecrowdedstores”这句话，应用关系代词which。]8．busiest　[考查形容词最高级。它过去常常是一年中最繁忙的购物日。根据前面的the可知，本处应用最高级busiest。]9．involved　[考查非谓语动词。很多人避免在这一天购物，因为会卷入抵抗人群的压力中。involve与stress为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。]10．hasseen　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Inrecentyears可知，本处应用现在完成时，主语theSaturdaybeforeChristmas为单数，故用hasseen。]B语法填空(2016·河北省“五个一名校联盟”质检)Atmyworkplacetherearen"tenough__1__(opportunity)tobedifferent.Wegivecaretoothersbutsometimesweforgettocarefor__2__(we)andeachother.So,Iprint__3__(inspire)messages,happypictures,etc,andpostthemonablankspace__4__I"vefoundinoneofourrooms.Ibelievetheyaddtoour“emotionaleducation”．Onepersonaskedme,“Whydoyoutrytohelpthesepeople?Theyarenotverynice？”Myanswer__5__(be),“Ifitaffectsonepersonthenit"sagoodthing.”Itdoesn"tmatterwhetherithasanimpact__6__anyoneelse.WhatmattersisthatI"mthe__7__(good)personIcanbe.Iknowthose__8__(print)storiesandarticlesarereadbecausetheykeepgettingmovedabout.So,__9__(eventual),likesandpaperagainstaroughsurface,__10__surfacewillbecomesmoothandthemessageswillgetthrough.Howlongittakesreallydoesn"tmatter.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们关爱别人的同时，也不要忘记关爱自己。1．opportunities　根据空前的“therearen"t”可知，there be句型中的主语应用复数形式。2．ourselves　但有时我们忘记了关心自己和互相关心。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，且主语和宾语表达相同的意思，故此处使用反身代词。3．inspiring　根据语境可知，所填词为定语，修饰messages，故用形容词inspiring“令人鼓舞的”。4．that/which　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词ablankspace，且在从句中作宾语，故用that/which。5．was　根据上文中的“Onepersonaskedme”可知，此处也应用一般过去时态。6．on　此处是固定搭配haveanimpacton...“对……有影响”。7．best　根据空前的“the”可知，此处应用最高级，故填best。8．printed　分析句子结构可知，空处在此作前置定语修饰storiesandarticles，且print与storiesandarticles之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故此处使用过去分词作定语。9．eventually　根据语境可知，此处应使用副词eventually作状语修饰整个句子。10．the　此处surface为特指，空处填the。C(2016·广西桂林、崇左市高三4月联考)Ourmodernlifeischangingoureatinghabits.WearespendingtoomuchtimeinfrontofTVorcomputersand__1__(become)“couchpotatoes”or“mousepotatoes”．Wealsoeattoomuchjunkfoodandwedon’tgetenoughexercise.Thefoodswefindinthesupermarketaresometimesno__2__(benefit)tous，anditisdifficulttoknowexactly__3__weareeatingwhenwebuyready－madeorpre－prepareddishes.Consideringthissituation，itisbecoming__4__(much)importantthanever__5__(make)surethatwekeepahealthydiet.Ahealthydietgivesusthecaloriesweneedanddon’tcontaintoomuchfat.Thenumberofcaloriesweneed__6__(change)dependingonwhatkindofbodywehave(areweshort，tall，heavyetc.)andhowactiveweare.Qualityfood，orhealthyfood，givesuscaloriesinthebestway.Junkfood，__7__theotherhand，givesusfewcaloriesandlotsoffatandsugar.Ifweeattoomuchfatandsugar，wewillputon__8__(weigh) easily，inordertolive__9__happyandlonglife，weshouldkeepa__10__(balance)diet.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。不良的饮食习惯给人们带来了很多危害，因此作者呼吁大家要养成健康的饮食习惯。1．becoming　[考查动词的用法。与前面的“arespending”构成并列谓语，故用－ing形式。]2．beneficial　[考查固定搭配的用法。谓语动词为系动词be，故用形容词作表语。“benobeneficialto”意思是“对……无益”。]3．what　[考查关系词的用法。句意：当我们购买了现成的或提前准备好的食物时，我们很难清楚地知道我们吃的到底是什么。know后面的宾语从句中缺少宾语，故填what。]4．more　[考查比较级的用法。根据后面的than这个词，可知要用形容词的比较级。]5．tomake　[考查不定式的用法。由语境可知此处意为“为确保……”，应当用不定式作目的状语。]6．changes　[考查动词时态的用法。thenumberof意思是“……的数目”。“Thenumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。]7．on　[考查固定搭配的用法。ontheotherhand为固定搭配，意思是“另一方面”。]8．weight　[考查名词的用法。puton后面缺少宾语，应当变成名词。“putonweight”是“增肥”的意思。]9．a　[考查冠词的用法。liveahappylife“过着幸福的生活”，这是固定词组。]10．balanced　[考查形容词的用法。修饰名词diet要用形容词，balanced意思是“均衡的”。]D语法填空(2016·合肥市质检)EileenTaylorhadsomethingsweetonhermindinthedrivethroughlineatHeav"nlyDonuts.Justthedaybefore,astrangeraheadofherinlinehad__1__(generous)paidforhercoffee.“Thegooddeedmadesuch__2__bigdifferencein myday，”saysEileen.Shehadrecentlylostherjobasaphysician"s__3__(assist),andmoneywastight.ButEileen__4__(inspire)topaythe$12billofthefamilyinthecarbehindhers.__5__shedidn"tknowwasthatherkindnesswouldsetoffachainreaction.Intwoandahalfhours,fiftyfivedriverspaidfortheorderofthepersonbehind__6__(they).Thedoughnutshop"semployees__7__(see)thisbefore.ThisHeav"nlyDonuts,infact,isknownasaspecialplace,thecustomersof__8__areconsideredas“thebestintheworld”.But,evenso,theworkerswere__9__(amaze)thattheshophadmorethandoubleditspreviousrecordbytheendoftheday.Now__10__(work)asachemist,EileenvisitsHeav"nlyDonutseverySaturdaymorning,pickingupacoffeeandpayingfortheorderofthecustomerbehindher.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Eileen在经济困窘之际，陌生顾客帮她付单的行为产生了连锁反应，很多人效仿这一行为。1．generously　空处修饰动词，应用副词形式。2．a　makeadifference意为“起作用”，是固定短语。3．assistant　此处指“作为一个医生的助手”，故用名词assistant。4．wasinspired　本处叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；Eileen与inspire之间是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；结合主语Eileen可知，填wasinspired。5．What　句意：她不知道的是她的善行引起了连锁反应。主语从句中know缺少宾语，故用what引导主语从句。6．them　空处作介词behind的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式them。7．hadseen　根据语境并结合时间状语before可知，此处指的是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。8．which　先行词place在后面的非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。9．amazed　主语为workers，指人，应用amazed。 10．working　分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，因为work与句子主语Eileen之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。E(2016·超级全能生26省联考乙卷)“Heisafoolwhocannotbeangry，butheisreallyawiseman__1__won’t.”Thehabitofkeepingpleasantisindeedbetter__2__anincomeofamilliondollarsayear.Thelifewithout__3__(cheerful)isliketheseverewinterwithoutthesun.Wealllovecheerfulcompany，butwetendtoforgetthatcheerfulnessisahabitwhichcanbedevelopedbyall.Wefind__4__verydifficulttobehappywhenweareinsorrow.Itrequiresgreatcourage.Weshouldneverforgetthat__5__(be)cheerfulwhenitisnoteasytobecheerfulshowsgreatness.Thorny(荆棘)maybe__6__(we)way，buthowhappyistheconqueror’ssong!Theperfectionofcheerfulness__7__(consist)inthehappyframeofmind.Itisdisplayedingoodtemperandkindbehavior.Itarisespartlyfrompersonalgoodnessand__8__(part)frombeliefinthegoodnessofothers.Itcanmakepeopleseethegloryinthegrassandthesunshineontheflower.Itencourageshappythoughts，andlivesinanatmosphereofpeace.Itcostsnothing，andyetitis__9__(value).Itblessesitspossessorandaffordsalargemeasureofenjoymenttoothers.Tolightupother’sheart，one’sownheartmust__10__(light)first.【语篇导读】　本文介绍了积极乐观的重要性。1．who　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可以得出“________won’t”是一个定语从句，先行词“awiseman”在从句中作主语，再结合前一句可知，此处填who。]2．than　[考查比较级。根据句意及“better”可知，此处填“better”。]3．cheerfulness　[考查名词。without是介词，介词后只能跟名词或是动名词，所以此处填“cheerful”的名词形式“cheerfulness”。]4．it　[考查代词。分析句子结构可以得出“________”在这里只是“find”的形式宾语，真正的宾语是“tobehappy”，所以此处填“it”。]5．tobe　[考查不定式。分析句子结构，“________cheerfulwhenitisnoteasytobe cheerfulshowsgreatness.”是“that”引导的宾语从句，而“________cheerful”是从句中的主语，再根据句意分析，句子具有一定的将来意义，所以用“tobe”。]6．our　[考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意，此处填“我们的”，所以用“our”。]7．consists　[考查动词。这一句的主语“theperfectionofcheerfulness”是单数形式，再结合全文来看，全文中以一般现在时来写，所以此处也应用第三人称单数形式。故填“consists”]8．parts　[考查动词。根据句子结构及句意，此处的动作和前面的“arises”是并列关系，所以part用第三人称单数形式。]9．valuable　[考查形容词。根据句意，“它虽然不花钱，但它确实是无价的。”所以此处应用“value”的形容词形式“valuable”。]10．belighted　[考查动词语态。根据句意，“要想点亮他人的心，必须先点亮自己的心”。但后面半句的主语是“heart”，所以要用被动语态，故填“belighted”。]F语法填空(2016·湖北省七市教科研协作体联合考试)Talkingisthemosteffectiveandsatisfyingwayofcommunicationwithothers.Therearemanyformsofcommunication,__1__includetexting,cellphones,email,andsocialmedia.__2__(use)thesealternativeformstocommunicatewithothersmaybefaster,__3__theylackmanyqualitiesthatafacetofaceconversation__4__(possess)．Facialexpressionandbodylanguagecan__5__(great)affectaconversation.Theycanbeusedtogiveapersonsomeinformationaboutwhattheotherperson__6__(think)andfeeling.Facialexpressioncan__7__(apply)tovideochatting,butbodylanguagecanonlybefoundinafacetofaceconversation.Talkinginpersoncanhavephysical__8__(feature).Givingsomeoneahugandholdingtheirhand__9__(comfort)themcanonlybedoneinperson.Whenyouaretalkingtosomeonebytextingormessagingthem,physicaltouchdoesnotexistatall,whichcanlimittheconnection__10__thepeopleinthecommunication.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：随着科技的发展，现代的交流方式多种多样，但是面对面交流和肢体语言交流仍是不可替代的交流方式。1．which　分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为formsofcommunication，关系词作从句的主语，故用which引导该定语从句。2．Using　分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语，故用动名词Using。3．but　使用这些可替代的交流方式可能会更快捷，但是它们缺乏面对面交流所拥有的特点。根据句意可知，两句间为转折关系，故用转折连词but。4．possesses　根据上下文时态可知，空处应用一般现在时；该从句的主语是单数可数名词，故谓语动词用单数。5．greatly　空处修饰动词affect，故用副词形式greatly。6．isthinking　根据该句中的“feeling”和语境可知，面部表情和肢体语言能给人一些他人正在想什么的信息，故用现在进行时。7．beapplied　主语Facialexpression和动词apply之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。由can可知，应填beapplied。8．features　根据下句中的“Givingsomeoneahug”和“holdingtheirhand”可知，面对面交谈有两个身体特征，故用复数形式。9．tocomfort　根据句意可知，空处表示拥抱和握手的目的，故用动词不定式。10．between　这里表示“人们之间的联系”，应用介词between。G(2015·南昌调研)Someinventionshappeninstrangeways.Thepotatochipisoneofthem.Moon’sLakeHousewas__1__restaurantinNewYorkinthe1850s.GeorgeCrumwasthecookthere.Manyrichpeopleoftencametotherestaurant__2__(enjoy)hiscooking.TheonethingthatreallyupsetCrumwas__3__acustomercomplainedaboutthefoodandsentitbacktothekitchentobedoneover.Hewouldoftenreturnit overcooked.Hewashappytoseethecustomerwalkoutoftherestaurant__4__(angry)．OnAugust24，1853,acustomerreturnedhisfriedpotatoestothekitchen，__5__theyweren’tcrunchy(脆的)enough.Crumreactedinhis__6__(usually)way.Hecutthepotatoesverythinandcookedtheminhotoil.TheyweresocrunchyandCrumwassurethatthemanwouldrefuse__7__(eat)them.Instead,themanlovedthem.Heevenaskedformore.Now,doyouknow__8__inventedthepotatochip?It’sGeorgeCrum!He__9__(late)setuphisownrestaurant.HenameditCrum’sHouse.Heputbasketsofhispotatochipsonallthetables.Theymadehisrestaurantaverypopularplace.Today,potatochipsareoneofAmericans’__10__(favor)foods!【语篇导读】　本文告诉我们薯条是怎么被发明出来的。1．a　[考查冠词。restaurant是名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。]2．toenjoy　[考查非谓语动词。这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示许多富人常常来这里吃他烹饪的饭菜。]3．when　[考查表语从句。此处应用when引导表语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。]4．angrily　[考查副词。根据前面“walkoutoftherestaurant”可知，后面应用副词angrily修饰动词。]5．because　[考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“因为油炸的薯条不够脆”，强调原因，故用because。]6．usual　[考查形容词。根据后面的名词way可知，此处应用形容词。]7．toeat　[考查动词不定式。refusetodosth“拒绝做某事”。]8．who　[考查疑问词。根据后面“It’sGeorgeCrum”可知，此处问的是谁发明了薯条。]9．later　[考查副词。根据后面的“setup”可知，这里应用later。]10．favorite　[考查形容词。根据后面的“foods”可知，这里需要用形容词，且表示“最喜欢的”。] H语法填空(2016·潍坊市统考)Dr.Baronehashelpedmanykidssmilewhowerebornwithdefects(缺陷),includingme.ShedidmyfirsttwooperationswhenIwasababy,whichwerethemostimportantand__1__(effect)．Idon"trememberthefirsttwooperationsverywell,butIdorecall__2__third.Dr.Baronewaskindandeasedmeintotheprocess.Sheletmechoosemysleepmedicine,__3__(make)surethatIwasokay.Irecentlysawapictureofmebeforemyoperation,andIknow__4__abigjobshedid.Dr.Barone__5__(operate)onpeoplewithalltypesofbirthdefects.Shealsogoestoothercountrieswherepeoplecannotaffordthistreatmentandhelpsthem__6__free.Manypeoplebenefitfromhernewways__7__(invent)tofixbirthdefectsoftheheadandface.Shehaswonmanyawards.Afewofthemostrecent__8__(be)BestDoctorsinAmerica2013－2014,America"sTopPlasticSurgery,andmanyothers.Dr.BaronewasmydoctorwhenIwasakid,andeventhoughIwas__9__(probable)justanotherpatienttoher,tomeshewas__10__(much)thanjustmydoctor.Shewasandismyhero,andshegavemebackmysmile.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文主要讲述了Barone医生治病救人的故事。1．effective　根据and前的important可知，空处应用形容词effective。2．the　序数词前一般用定冠词修饰，表示第几的概念。3．making　make和句子谓语动词let之间没有连词，且和句子主语She之间构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。4．what　what引起的感叹句的结构为：what＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数，故填what。5．operates　根据语境可知，此处表示经常做的事情，故用一般现在时，且由句子主语Dr.Barone可知，应填operates，与下文的goes和helps呼应。6．for　forfree意为“免费”，为固定搭配，故用介词for。 7．invented　invent和句子谓语动词benefit之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且空处和其逻辑主语ways之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。8．are　根据Afew可知，此处谓语动词应用复数，且此处表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的复数形式，即are。9．probably　此处应用副词probably在句子中作状语。10．more　由than可知，此处“morethan＋n.”意为“不仅仅，不只是”，是固定搭配。故填more。