奥赛高中英语语法基础18 4页

英语奥赛辅导第十八课时高中英语语法基础18真实条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气非真实条件句中的虚拟语气混合条件句中的虚拟语气16.虚拟语气1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。16.1真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表：句型主句shall/will+动词原形/祈使句/情态动词一般现在时例如：Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.如果他来，会带小提琴来的。　典型例题　Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.　A.　willrain　B.rains　C.rained　D.israined　答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.　（错）Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.　（对）Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall（will）+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。16.2非真实条件句1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。a.与现在事实相反的假设条件从句should（would）等+动词原形例如：Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。含义：Theyarenothere,theycan"thelpyou.b.与过去事实相反的假设条件从句should（would）等+have+过去分词例如：Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。　　含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit. c.表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想条件从句should/would等+动词原形例如：Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。　Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.含义：Youarenotlikelytosucceed,everythingwillbewhatitisnow.16.3混合条件句有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：　　Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。　（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）　　Ifithadrainedlastnight（过去）,itwouldbeverycoldtoday（现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。16.4虚拟条件句的倒装　　虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should,或had时,可省略if，再把were,should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：　Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。　Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。　Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词"be"的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：　　IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。　　Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。　　典型例题　_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereI　　B.Iwere　C.WereI　D.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo,而不能说Weren"tItodo。16.5特殊的虚拟语气词should1）在主语从句中的应用Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should加动词原形，should可省略。Itisthat主句现在时过去时将来时虚拟语气练习: 1.Thecommanderorderedthesoldiers____hereforthenight.A.stayedB.stayC.wouldstayD.hadstayed2.IsupposeRobertisfitforthejob____hewouldputhismindtoit.A.inwhichB.ifonlyC.incaseD.evenif3.--Johnson,comeandlookatthesea!Itisbeautiful,isn’tit?--Absolutely!IfonlyI_____herebythesea.A.livedB.liveC.hadlivedD.willlive4.Hewishedthathe_____theexaminationthenextday.A.wouldpassB.willpassC.passedD.haspassed5._____Itotellheraboutit,shewouldbeveryglad.A.ShouldB.WouldC.MayD.Were6.Don’talwaysmakenoise.I’dratheryou_____silent.A.keepB.cankeepC.keptD.tokeep7.Hisproposalisthatallthestudents_____toseethefilm.A.nottogoB.notgoC.didn’tgoD.nevertogo8.Theymadearequestthattheproblem____atthemeeting.A.willdiscussB.willbediscussedC.shoulddiscussD.bediscussed9.Theinjuredmanactedasifnothing______.A.happenedB.wouldhappenC.happenD.hadhappened10.Iinsisted______toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing______wrongwithhim.A.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldgo;is11.Allthedoctorsinthehospitalinsistedthathe___badlywoundedandthathe__atonce.A.shouldbe;beoperatedonB.were;mustbeoperatedonC.was;shouldbeoperatedD.was;beoperatedon12._____youcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.A.IfB.HaveC.HadD.Whether13.LingFengcamehomehappily,whichsuggestedthatshe_____thefinalexam.A.passB.hadpassedC.wouldpassD.shouldpass14.Theadministratordemandedthateveryoneinthefirstaidcenter______everythingcheckedagain.A.gettingB.getC.gotD.gets15.------I"mafraidyourpalefacesuggeststhatyou_____ill.------AreyousuggestingthatI____toseethedoctor?A.shouldbe;shouldgoB.be;willgoC.are;goD.were;went16.Theteacherdemandedthatthehomework______byMonday.A.finishB.shouldfinishC.finishesD.befinished17.Hemighthavebeenkilled_____thearrivalofthepolice.A.exceptB.apartfromC.butforD.inspiteof18.----Doyouthinkitisnecessarythathe____toMiamibuttoNewYork?-----Iagree,buttheproblemis____hehadrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;that C.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsent;what19.-----Wherehaveyoubeen?-----Iwasstuckintraffic;otherwise________sooner.A.IwouldbehereB.IhavebeenhereC.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere20.Whatonearthareyouupto,boy?Don’tyouknowthatitishightimeyou______yourhomework.A.arefinishingB.willfinishC.finishedD.finish