八年级上册英语语法总结与测试题 9页

动词一.动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词，它分为行为动词，系动词、助动词和情态动词，动词种类多，变化又复杂，是学习英语的难点之一，下面根据动词的特点进行归类，并提供一些辨别方法，以便于理解和掌握。1.行为动词在动词中数量最多，它含有实在的意义（又叫实义动词），表示动作或状态，在句中可以单独作谓语，行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后面必须加宾语，意义才完整，不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语，常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语。eg:WestudyEnglishveryhard.Shehasabookinherhand.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.连系动词本身有一定词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，常见的连系动词有：be,look,sound,get,become等。eg:Myparentsarebothfarmers.Themilktastesterrible.Thesongsoundsgood.3.助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定，时态或其它语法形式。常见的助动词有：be,have,do,will,shall等。eg:Doyouhaveabrother?HaveyougotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary?Ididn’tgotothecinemayesterday.4.情态动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话者的语气和情态，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定，常见的情态动词有：can,may,must,will,shall,need等。eg:CanyousingtheEnglishsong?Everyonemustgettoschoolontime.二.动词的时态：（一）时态概述：作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态，英语中的时态，就是通过特殊的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词be,have（has）等，用来表示动作或事件发生的不同时间和方面。eg:Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.Hereadthenewspaperyesterday.Heisgoingtoreadthenewspapertomorrow.（二）一般现在时：1.动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。在加词尾-s时要注意：情况加法例词一般情况加-sreads,writes,says 以ch,sh,s,x,或o收尾的词加-esteaches,washes,guesses,fixes,goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-estry－triescarry－carries读音：情况读法例词在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后〔s〕helps,hates,asks,laughs在[s][z][][t][d3]等音后〔iz〕faces,rises,wishes,watches,urges在其他情况下〔z〕plans,cries,shows2.一般现在时主要表示：（1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用：always,often,usually,sometimes等eg:Wealwayshelpeachother.Itoftensnowsinwinter.Igetupearlyeverymorning.（2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。eg:Helovessports.Janeisanoutgoinggirl.TomandTimbothhavemediumheight.（3）表示客观、普遍真理eg:Twoandfourmakessix.Waterboilsat100℃Themoonmovesroundtheearth.3.一般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词do，does的方式构成。第三人称单数加does，其他加do，这时动词一概用原形；动词be只需与主语位置对调就行了。eg:DoyoulikeEnglish?Dotheyhavestorybooks?Whatdoesshedoeveryevening?Issheathome?AreyougoodatEnglish?4.一般现在时的否定式是donot（don’t）或doesnot（doesn’t）＋动词原形来构成的，be动词做谓语动词只需在be后加not构成否定。eg:Idon’tlikeorangesatall.Shedoesn’tworkintheTVstation.Theyaren’tstudents.I’mnotbusyeveryweekend.三.现在进行时：1.动词变化：现在进行时由“am/is/are＋动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下：（1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。如： stay－stayingdo－doinglisten－listeningsuffer－sufferingwork－workingspend－spendinglook－looking（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。如：make－makingtake－takinggive－givingride－ridingplease－pleasingrefuse－refusingclose－closingoperate－operating（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：put－puttingsit－sittingrun－runningwin－winningbegin－beginning2.现在进行时的用法（1）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，这时可以不用时间状语，也可以和now,atpresent,atthemoment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如look（看），listen（听）。eg:Whatareyoureadingnow?Listen!Someoneissingingintheclassroom.（2）表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。eg:Theyareworkinginafactorythesedays.Moreandmorepeoplearegivingupsmoking.（3）表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，即可以用来代替将来时。eg:Whenareyouleaving?AreyougoingtoTibettomorrow?3.现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简单。否定句在be（am,is,are）后面加not；疑问句把be动词移到主语前。eg:Iamnotworking.Whatareyoureadingnow?Howareyoufeelingtoday?Thetrainisn’tarrivingsoon.四.一般过去时：1.动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，在句中由主语＋动词的过去式来表达。构成规则原形过去式一般在动词末尾加-edworkplantplayworkedplanted played结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivechangelikedlivedchanged末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplan（计划）stopdropplannedstoppeddropped以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再加-edcarrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried否定式疑问式否定疑问式简单回答Ididnotwork.DidIwork?DidInotwork?Yes,youdid.No,youdidn’t.Youdidnotwork.Didyouwork?Didyounotwork?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.He/She/Itdidnotwork.Didhe/she/itwork?Didhe/she/itnotwork?Yes,he/she/it/did.No,he/she/itdidn’t.Wedidnotwork.Didwework?Didwenotwork?Yes,youdid.No,youdidn’t.Youdidnotwork.Didyouwork?Didyounotwork?Yes,wedid.No,wedidn’t.Theydidnotwork.Didtheywork?Didyoutheynotwork?Yes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.2.一般过去时的基本用法：（1）带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。（eg:yesterday,lastyear,justnow,twodaysago,intheolddays等）eg:Heleftjustnow.LeiFengwasagoodsoldier.Whatdidyouhaveforbreakfastthismorning?（2）表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语连用。eg:Lasttermweoftendidexperiments.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.五.begoingto表示一般将来 1.用法：表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事，或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很有可能要发生的事情，be随着人称的变化变成（am,is,are）eg:Wearegoingtohaveanewsubjectthisyear.It’sgoingtorainthisafternoon.I’mgoingtobeapilotwhenIgrowup.2.begoingto的否定句在be动词后加上not；begoingto的疑问句把be动词移到主语前。eg:Heisn’tgoingtoseehisbrothertomorrow.I’mnotgoingtotellyouaboutit.Who’sgoingtouseit?Isyoursistergoingtobringyourlunch?WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday.【模拟试题】（答题时间：70分钟）一.改错：例1：Therosedarkred.→Theroseisdarkred.1.Heverylikesswimming.2.Hecanhelpsyou.3.Wehaven’tagoodtime.4.Whatareyoudoafterschooleveryday?5.SometimesIlistenmusic.sometimesIplayoutside.6.Thefishsmellsnotgood.7.Weshouldbuysomechicken.Therearelittleleft.8.Therehavemanybirdsinthesky.9.Mymother’sglassesisbroken.10.Apairofshoesarenearlyonethousand.11.Whatcolourareherhair?12.Doeshehishomework?13.A:Doyoulikeyourclass?B:Yes.Ilike.14.HealwaysdohisshoppingonFridayevening.15.IverysorryIforgotyourbirthday.16.Ihavenobrotherandsister.二.连词组句：1.listen,morning,the,to,I,radio,the,in,often2.of,men,nurses,good,sick,hospital,care,in,take,the3.weekdays,he,the,goes,cinema,never,during,the,to4.computer,got,new,you,a,have?5.weekends,he,rest,does,a,got,have,on?6.good,LiMing,do,and,often,Ideeds7.museum,they,the,often,science,visit,how,do?8.the,in,any,there,kitchen,food,is? 9.homework,does,day,when,Tom,his,every,where,and,do?10.a,there,vegetables,many,but,apples,aren’t,lot,there,of,are,there三.用括号里的动词的适当形式填空：1.There（be）______someglassesonit.2.He（go）______totheparkeveryday.3.Myuncle（live）______inNanjingnow.4.______LucyandLily（like）______China?5.LiLei（notlike）______todrinkorangesoda.6.Thegirl（go）______homeat4:30intheafternoon.7.______Kate（speak）______French?Yes,shedoes.8.Jim（notride）______hisbikeoften.9.Ifhe（be）______freetomorrow,he（go）______withus.10.Assoonasthey（get）______therenextmonth,he（call）______me.11.______LiMing’sfather（have）______hislunchathome?12.Tom（notdo）______themorningexercisesoften.13.I（be）______hungryandmysister（be）______thirsty.14.Thebaby（have）______curlyhair.15.Everybody（have）______achancetowin.16.I（clean）______myroomonceaweek.17.Nobody（tell）______themanything.18.There（be）______alotofchickenontheplate.19.Mr.Li（teach）______thesecondgrade.20.Theboy（watch）______TVeveryevening.21.Mary（play）______theviolinquitewell.22.David（study）______ChineseandI（study）______English.23.Thegame（be）______interesting.24.Manychildren（be）______ontheplayground.25.He（have）_______agoodtimeatyourparty.26.I（have）______anewbicycle.四.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Tomandhisfather______（swim）now.2.Look!They______（run）alongthestreet.3.We______（practice）hardthesedaysbecausewewillhaveabigmatchnextmonth.4.What______he______（do）atnineo’clocklastnight?5.They______（listen）tothemusicatthattime.6.Whentheheadmastercamein,thestudents______（read）thetext.7.We______（watch）TVwhensuddenlythetelephonerang.8.She______（make）thepaperflowersthewholenight.9.A:_______you______（studying）English?B:Yes,Iam. 10.Let’sgoout.It______（notrain）now.11.Hurryup!Everybody______（wait）foryou.12.A:______（you/listen）totheradio?B:No,Youcanturnitoff.13.I______（watch）TVatseveno’clockyesterdayevening.14.A:What______（you/look）for?B:I______（look）formywallet.Thereissomethingimportantinit.15.Look.It______（rain）hard.We’llgetwetifwegoout.五.选词填空：（一）选词填空：1.I______（am,is,was,were）busylastweek.2.TomandI______（am,are,was,were）lateforschoolyesterday.3.I______（walk,walks,walked,walking）toschooltheotherday.4.Rose______（doesnot,didn’t,hasbeen,hasto）visitherunclethemonthbeforelast（month）5.There______（is,was,are,were）alotofpeopleinthisvillagetenyearsago.6.Mother______（am,is,was,were）illinbedlastnight.7.It______（rain,rains,rained,raining）alotlastyear.（二）用括号中动词的适当形式填空：1.MyuncleinLondon______（send）abirthdaypresenttomeyesterday.2.When______（be）youborn?3.Assoonashearrivedinthecountry,he______（phone）me.4.WhenI______（knock）athisdoor,hewascooking.5.WewerewatchingTVwhenthelight______（go）out.6.Hesaidhe______（notlike）mathsatall.（三）用括当的词完成下列句子。1.______youmakethiscakelastnight?Yes.Idid.I_______itforyou.2.DidTom_______homeatfiveyesterday?No,he_______.Hecamehomeatsix.3.What_______you_______atthestore?Iboughtacamera.4.Wereyouathomeyesterday?Yes,I_______.5.Wheredidyoucatchthefish?I_______itintherivernearmyhouse.六.完成下列句子：1.你长大了想当什么？我打算当个电脑程序员。What_____you___________________whenyou_____________?I’m______to_______a______________.2.你哥哥长大了打算当什么？他打算当个专业的篮球运动员。What_____yourbrother____________________whenhe_____________?He’s_____to______a________________player.3.你打算怎么做？我打算学计算机学。 _____areyou______________________that?I’m___________________computer_______.4.你哥哥打算怎么做？他打算每天练篮球。_____isyourbrother_______________?He’s____________________basketballeveryday.5.她打算下学期上一些表演课吗？是的。______she______________________some______lessons?Yes,she________.【试题答案】1.Helikesswimming.2.Hecanhelpyou.3.Wedon’thaveagoodtime.4.Whatdoyoudoafterschooleveryday?5.SometimesIlistentomusic,sometimesIplayoutside.6.Thefishdoesn’tsmellgood.7.Weshouldbuysomechicken.Thereislittleleft.8.Therearemanybirdsinthesky.9.Mymother’sglassesarebroken.10.Apairofshoesisnearlyonethousand.11.Ifhedoesn’tfeelwellhewillgotovisittheHistoryMuseum.12.Whatcolourisherhair?13.Doeshedohishomework?14.A:Doyoulikeyourclass?B:Yes.Ido.15.HealwaysdoeshisshoppingonFridayevening.16.IamsorryIforgotyourbirthday.二.1.Ioftenlistentotheradiointhemorning.2.Nursestakegoodcareofsickmeninthehospital.3.Henevergoestothecinemaduringtheweekdays.4.Haveyougotanewcomputer?5.Doeshehavearestonweekends?6.LiMingandIoftendogooddeeds.7.Howoftendoyouvisitthesciencemuseum?8.Isthereanyfoodinthekitchen?9.WhenandwheredoesTomdohishomeworkeveryday?10.Therearealotofvegetablesbuttherearen’tmanyapplesthere.Or:Therearealotofapplesbuttherearen’tmanyvegetablesthere.三.1.are2.goes3.lives4.Do,like5.doesn’tlike6.goes7.Does,speak8.doesn’tride9.is,willgo10.get,willcall11.Does,have12.doesn’tdo13.am,is14.has 15.has16.clean17.tells18.is19.teaches20.watches21.plays22.studies,study23.is24.are25.has26.have四.1.areswimming2.arerunning3.arepracticing4.was,doing5.werelistening6.werereading7.werewatching8.wasmaking9.Are,studying10.isn’training11.iswaiting12.Areyoulistening13.waswatching14.areyoulooking,amlooking15.israining五.（一）1.was2.were3.walked4.didnot5.were6.was7.rained（二）1.sent2.were3.phoned4.knocked5.went6.didn’tlike（三）1.Did,made2.come,didn’t3.did,buy4.was5.caught六.1.are,going,to,be,grow,up,going,be,computer,programmer2.is,going,to,be,grows,up,going,be,professional,basketball.3.How,going,to,do,going,to,study,science4.How,going,to,do,that,going,to,play5.Is,going,to,take,acting,is