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初中英语语法专项训练6~~介词讲解

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中学英语语法专项训练6—介词中学英语介词讲解1.介词的含义,介词(虚词),不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。中考需要掌握的11个介词:in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before表示时间的介词A.典型例题:1.in1996/in2002/in1847(年份)2.inOctober/inFebruary/inMarch(月份)3.inspring/insummer/inautumn/inwinter(季节)4.inaweek/inayear在1周/年中5.inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheevening在上午/下午/晚上inthosedays在当时/innotime立刻/inthedaytime在白天/inthefuture在将来/inoneminute在1分钟内/最后intheend表示较长时间(长于一天或短于一天)如:年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“in”。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B.典型例题:1.atteno’clock/atseventhirty.(表示某一钟点)2.atnoon/atnight/atmidnight(在中午、晚上、半夜――一天中相对短暂的时间)3.attheageoftwenty/attheageofthirty-five(表示某一年龄)4.atthattime在那时/atthemoment这时、那时、此刻/atfirst首先/atlast最后=intheend/atonce立刻、马上/at/on(the)weekends在周末/在一年中的这个时候atthistimeofyear/在……开始/结束时atthebeginning/endof表示时间的某一点(或表示某时刻)如:钟点、年龄或其它的习惯用法中要用“at”。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C.典型例题:1.onMonday/onTuesday/onWednesday/onFriday2.onJanuary1/onApril18/onMay313.onJanuary1,1988/onApril18,2002/onMay31,19774.onMondaymorning/onTuesdayafternoon/onWednesdayevening5.onawintermorning/onasummerevening/onaautumnafternoon6.onthemorningofMayfifth7.onmybirthday/onthatday/onNewYear’sDay/onthefirsttwodays/onChristmasDay8.值日onduty/准时ontime/表示某一天或者特定(某一天上下午)的时间用介词“on”。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------D.典型例题:1.fortwohours/forthreedays2.forhundredsofyears3.forthelastthreeyears/forthepastthreeyears4.forawhile 表示持续一段时间用介词“for”。“for”+“段时间”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E.典型例题:1.from9o’clockto11o’clock2.fromFebruarytoApril3.from1980to19904.fromthenon从那时候起(用于一般过去时),fromnowon从现在起(用于一般将来时),fromtimetotime时不时地表示从一点时间到另一点时间的一个阶段用介词“from…to…”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------F.典型例题:1.duringtheweek2.duringthosethreemonths3.duringmyvisit4.duringtheholidays/meeting5.duringthespring表示“在……的期间”要用介词“during”,during表示在特定的时间里,其后的名词前要用定冠词或者表示特定意义的代词。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------G.典型例题:1.since1986/since19772.sincelastsummer/sincelastweek/sincelastmonth3.sincethen从那时以后4.sincehecamehere自从他来了以后表示“自……以来”,表示从过去某一时刻到现在,用介词“since”。“since”+“点时间”,主句常用现在完成时。巩固练习:1.since7o’clock2.sincelastMonday--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------H.典型例题:1.Theparkisopentill5p.m.2.Hedidn’tleavetheparkuntil4p.m.表示某动作或者状态延续到某一时间终止,用介词“till/until”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I.表示时间介词的比较1.典型例题:1.Thetrainleavesat8o’clock,soyou’dbetterbethereby7:50.火车八点钟开,所以你最好八点五十以前赶到那儿。2.HeleftShanghaiattheendoflastyear.去年年底他离开了上海。(过去式)3.Bytheendoflastyearhehadfinishedthework.到去年年底,他已经完成了工作。at表示事件发生在某一时间点上;by表示事件发生在某一时间点前。attheendof+时间/地点,表示时间时,一般用于一般过去式。bytheendof+时间,表示时间时,一般用于过去完成时。intheend=atlast最后--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.典型例题: 1.Hefinishedtheworkthreedaysago.2.Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworkthreedaysbefore.3.Hewillfinishtheworkinthreedays.4.Threedayslaterhefinishedthework.threedaysago表示从今天算起三天前;threedaysbefore表示从过去某个时间开始算起的三天前;inthreedays表示从今天算起的三天以后Threedayslater表示从过去某个时间开始的三天后;。ago,用于一般过去式;before,用于过去完成时;in用于将来时。巩固练习1.FourdayslaterhecamebackfromBeijing.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.典型例题:1.before2o’clockthemeetinglunch1990before后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特定的时间),表示在某个时间之前NationalDay2.after2o’clockthemeetinglunch1990after后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特定的时间),表示在某个时间之后NationalDay由before和after构成的时间介词短语都不能用于现在完成时。after的习惯用法:afterwork/afterschool/afterclass巩固练习1.after8o’clock2.afterbreakfast3.afterawhile过了一会儿4.thedayaftertomorrow5.beforesupper6.beforeclass7.thedaybeforeyesterday8.beforelong不久前--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.典型例题:onenight/thismonth/thatsummer/lastyear/nextweek/thedaybeforeyesterday/theweekafternext再下一周由one/this/that/last/next等修饰的表示时间的词组前不需要用介词。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------表示方位的介词A.典型例题:1.在树上inthetree/在同一个班inthesameclass/在北京inBeijing2.在世界上intheworld/在河里intheriver/在城市inacity3.在阳光下inthesun/在北方inthenorth/inChina在中国4.在第五中学inNo.5MiddleSchool5.在……的前部inthefrontof在……前面infrontof6.在……中间/(内部)角落inthemiddle/cornerof7.固定用法:住院inhospital/在露天intheopenair/躺着看书readinbed8.站成行standinline/处于危险中indanger/处于麻烦中introuble/惊奇地insurprise 9.用英语inEnglish/穿红色的inred/以…方式in…wayof表示大地方,表示空间、地域或者物体内部应用in,或表示在…范围之内。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B.典型例题:1.在…的尽头attheendof/在大门口atthegate/在第二个十字路口atthesecondcrossing2.在公共汽车站atthebusstop/在校读书atschool/在家athome3.在医院诊所atthedoctor’s/在……头部/脚下atthehead/footof4.atthestation/airport/zoo/postoffice5.atthefrontdoor/atthecinema/supermarket/meeting/party/thecrossroad6.固定用法:stayathome/atwork/attable在吃饭表示较小的地方,表示空间的某一点,出入口等,选at--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C.典型例题:1.在墙上onthewall/在…的另一边ontheothersideof/在左边/右边ontheleft/right2.在左/有手边ontheleft/righthandside/在火车上onthetrain3.在电视/收音机/电话/网上onTV/theradio/thetelephone/theInternet4.固定用法:访问…onavisitto…/展览onshow5.在去…的路上onthewayto…6.onmyhead/nose表示附着在表面上,覆盖等,表示接触的面上、边上、线上,用on。比较:aholeinthefloor/wallTherearemanyapplesonthetree.Therearemanybirdsinthetree.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------几组表示位置关系的介词比较D.典型例题:north1.JapanisintheeastofAsia.2.JapanistotheeastofChina.3.KoreaisonthenortheastofChina.westeastDCBAsouth巩固练习:1.BisintheeastofA.2.DistotheeastofA.3.CisontheeastofA.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 中学英语语法专项习题6-介词1()1Childrengetgifts___Christmasand___theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on()2-Thereisnothing____tomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up()3Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since()4tiesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during()5Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of()6Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still()7Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on2()1Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast____fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast()2Wereturnedtoourhometown___.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek()3Greatchangeshavetakenplace___.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear3()1Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at()2____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestfeet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For()3Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of()4Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in4()1HewenttoShanghai___September3,1991andcameback___acoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;ia()2Lucywasborn____thenightofMay12,1984.....A.onB.inC.atD.to()3MrsBrowncametoChina____1996.A.onB.ofC.to,D.in()4___themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourning___JoeHill.A.On;toB.In;of.C.On;for,D.At;for()5Annmoved___Hangzhou___September,1992.A./;inB.to;inC.to;onD,in;in()6Theystartedoff___anautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on5()1Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.A.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;atD,for;at;to()2Hearrived___Shanghai___9:30___March5.A.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on()3TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere____halfpastten.A:inB.atC.onD.of()4Thechildrengetup___6o"clock.A.atB.onC.duringD. in6()1Thedoctorworked___fivehours___arest.A.for;withB.on;withoutC.about;havingD.for;without()2Iworkedontheproblem____alongtimeandIworkeditout____myself____last.A.for;by;atB.in;with;onC.on;by;inD.for;for;atthe()3Anewfactorywillbesetup:___ayear.^"lotaeA.forB.inC.afterD.on()4Twoyears___hebegantowriteanotherstory-book.A.afterB.later;C.inD.late()5Wewillfinishthepictureaday.A.inB.onC.afterD.on()6Theworkershadbeen____strike____almostamonth.A.on;inB.at;inC.on;forD.on;during()7MrBrownhadlain____theground____fourhoursbeforetheyfinallyfoundhim.A.on;forB.at;inC.on;afterD.in;during7()1Theteacheriscomingback___anhour.A.afterB.forC.inD.before()2Shelivedinthemountainvillage____theyears1940-1950.A.betweenB.duringC.inD.since()3MissWangwillcometoBeijing____twodays.A.afterB.inC.onD.before()4TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwon____theend.A.byB.atC.inD.on8()7Maryhadfinishedherhomework____thetimeIgothome.A.untilB.byC.atD.when()2Westayedatthelab___ourteacherreturned.A.tillB.byC.duringD.while()3Theydidn"tleavethestation___theygetonthetrain.A.untilB.byC.afteryD.at9()1Don"tworry.Hewillreturn____.A.beforelongB.longbeforeC.longlongagoD.longago()2Therelivedanoldman,fishingatsea____.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimeagoD.soon()3Itwasnot_____theycameback.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimebeforeD.longafter()4IwastoldthathisunclehadgonetoFrance.A.longbeforeB.shortlyafterC.beforelongD.longago10()1___Tomgetsupatfiveinthemorning.A.SometimeB.SometimesC.SometimeD.Sometimes()2Irememberwemeteachother___lastyear.A.Sometime"B.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometimes()3MaryandIhavebeentotheGreatWall,___.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes()4HestudiedEnglishfor____inLondon,andthenhewenttoAmerica.A.sometimesB.sometimenewB.sometimeB.sometimes11()1Idon"tliketosit___Tom"sright.Iwouldliketosit___thebackrow.A.on;inB.in;onC.on;atD.at;on()2Thereisabrook____redflowersandgreengrass___bothsides.A.ofwithB.with;onC.of;atD.with; in()3Therearemanytrees___oftheroad!And____ofthetreesisgrowinglargerandlarger.......A.onbothside;anumberB.oneachsides;anumberC.onbothsides;thenumberD.oneveryside;thenumber12()1Theplaneisflying_____.A.intheskyB.in.theairC.inspaceD.insky()2Thereisasweetsmell___.A.intheairB.intheopenairC.intheskyD.inthespace()3Weheldaninterestingparty___.A.intheairB.intheskyC.intheopenairD.inspace()4Seenfrom___,theearthappearstobeabigblueball.A.thespaceB.spaceC.aspaceD.thisspace13()1Tomsits____theclassroomwhileJohnsits____theroom.A.infrontof;atbackofB.inthefrontof;atthebackofC.infrontof;atthebackofD.inthefrontof;atbackof()2Lucysits____thethirdrow,____Jim"sleft.A.on;onB.in;atC.at;inD.in;on()3Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.A.to;inB.in;to.C.on;toD.to;on14()1.-CanIlookupaword____yourdictionary?-Ihaven"tgot____me.A.into;aboutB.in;withC.at;inD.on;on()21likemooncakes____meat____them.A.in;onB.with;onC.in;theD.with;in()3Whenyouare___troublepleaseaskhelp___us.A.in;fromB.in;forC.on;fromD.on;of()4Theshopkeepersaidtheyhadsoldouttheshoes____yoursize.A.aboutB.inC.toD.of()5Isawhim___hurryatthemoment.A.inaB.inC.onD.ona15()1Heputupamap___thebackwallbecausetherewasahole___it.A.on;onB.at;inC.on;inD.on;at()2Thereisadoor___thewall.A.onB.toC.ofD.in()3ThiskindofVCDismade____China..A.inB.fromC.atD.on()4Anyman___eyes______hisheadcanseethathe"sexactlylikearope.A.with;onB.with;inC.on;withD.in;with16()1Therearesomebirdssinging___thetrees.A.inB.onC.atD.from()2Don"tread____thesun.It"sbad___youreyes.A.in;toB.under;forC.with;toD.in;on()3Thewoman____abluedressismyteacher.A.inB.onC.ofD.at()4Therearesomanyapples___thattree.A.inB,onC.at,D.from17()1Theboatispassing___thebridge.A.throughB.belowC.underD.across()2Twoplanesareflying___thecity.A.throughB.over,C.on,D,below()3Wecanseeariverrunningtotheeast____thehill.A.underB.belowC.overD.on()4Doyouseethekite___thebuilding.A.overB.crossC.onD.above18()1TheUnitedStatesis____thesouthofCanadaand___theeastofJapan.A.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at; on()2Myhometownlies___thecity.___Ioftengotothecitybybike.A.50milesintheeast;HoweverB.totheeast40milesof;ButC.intheeast45milesfrom;ButD.35mileseastof;However()3Themanstood____thewindow,watchingtheboysplayingoutside.A.inB.byC.withD.to()4Japanlies____theeastofChina.A.onB/toC.inD.with19()1Isthestreettoonarrowforthebustogo___?A.throughB.acrossC.onD.in()2Amothercamelwaswalking___herson___thedesert.A.without;alongB.with;throughC.nextto;passD.beside;through()3Theriverruns____thecity.A.acrossB.throughC.overD.from()4Ittookusoveranhourtowalk____thisstreet.A.fromB.throughC.overD.across20()1UncleWangarrived____No.14MiddleSchoolhalfanhourago.A.atB.inC.,to^D./()2Didyourfriendsendyousomething___theendoflastweek?A.atB.byC.inD.to()3Themonument____thoseheroesstands____thefootofthemountain.A.of;atB.to;onC.for;byD.to;at()4Myunclelives____88BeijingStreet.A.toB.ofC.atD.on()5Theyarewaiting___abus___thebusstop.A.for;inB.on;atC.with;atD.for;at21()1Woodisoftenmade___paper.A.byB.fromC.ofD.into()2___research___theuniversescientistshaveputalotofinformation___computers.A.With;over;atB."On;at;toC.In;about;intoD.For;with;through()3;Whenapieceoficeistaken____awarmroom,itgetssmallerandsmalleruntil___theenditdisappearscompletely.A.in;inB.outof;atC.into;inD.to;by()4Awomanfell___theboat___thewater.A.off;intoB.at;belowC.down;underD.away;in22()1Thetablesintherestaurantaresoclosetogetherthatthere"shardlyanyroomtomove___them.A.amongB.betweenC.inthemiddleofD.atthecentreof()2Englishiswidelyusedforbusiness____differentcountries.A.betweenB.toC.forD.on()3Isthereanydifference____thesetwosentences?A.forB.inC.amongD.between()4Wevisitedhimathisworkplace___theyoungtreesandaskhimabouthiswork.A.inB.amongC.betweenD.at()5Thereisthedifference___ChinesefoodandAmericanfood.A.fromB.atC.betweenD.by()6Thepolicestationis___theclothingshop___thepostoffice.A.between;andB.among;andC.near;ofD.on;right()7Heis____thegreatestscientistsintheworld.A.amongB.betweenC.inD. of23() 1Thereisabook-store___ourhouse.A.atB.throughC.acrossD.near()2Ourheadmastershowedthevisitors____ourschool.A.toB.forC.around;D.near()3Themoonisthe___totheearth.A.closedB.nearC.nearestD.close24() 1Wehaveclasseseveryday____Sunday.A.besideB.besidesC.exceptD.exceptfor()2Nobodyknewit____me.A.butB.besideC.besidesD.without()3Whatdoyouspendyourtimeon___workandstudy?A.exceptB.besidesC.butD.without()4Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English.A.withoutB.besideC.besidesD.except()5Weneedfifteenmorepeople____thetwentyofustodothejob.A.besidesB.andC.exceptD.without()6NooneknewwhereMrSmithlived____hisdaughter.A.besidesB.andC,onlyD.except25()1_____thehelpoftheteacher,Tomhasmaderapidprogress____hisstudies.A.For;atB.Of;forC.By;onD.With;in()2Thechildrenareinterested___thissubject.A.toB.withC.inD.at()3Hismotheroftenhelpshim___Englishsohedoesbetter___Englishthanothers.;A.with;inB.on;inC.in;withD.with;at()4I"velostmyinterest____physics.A.inB.onC.atD.for()5Hedroveaway___thedirectionofLondon.A.inB.atC.toD.for()6Theletterwaswritten___ink.A.withB.inC.byD.at26()1___themoney,sheboughtanewcoat___herfather.A.With;forB.With;toC.For;withD.To;with()2WeiHuagetsonwell___herclassmates.A.withB.inC.toD.at()3Thereissomethingwrong___mybike.A.atB.inC.onD.with()4Theyarefillingtheirbags____booksandotherthings.A.inB.withC.ofD.by()5Whentheteacherheardustalkinginclass,hewasveryangry____A.toB.withC.forD.of()6WeusuallycovertheChristmastrees____colourlights.A.inB.useC.forD.with27()1-Hissuddendeathsurprisedhiswife.-Itwassobad.Hiswifewassurprised____hisdeath.A.byB.withC.atD.on()2Don"tlaugh____him,heonlymadeasmallmistake.A.atB.toC.aboutD.over()3Theboycriedout___thetopofhisvoice.A.atB.inC.onD.to28()TWeChinesepeopleareall___ourmotherland.A.famousforB.proudofC.busywithD.goodat()2Thebeautifulbottlewasmade____glass.A.fromB.inC.ofD.by()3Thisisamap___China.A.inB.atC.ofD.on()4Agroup___boysandgirlsaredancinginthepark.A.withB.ofC.forD.to29()1Theyaregettingready____fly____England____theirholiday. A.for;to;toB.to;to;forC.for;for;toD.to;to;to()2Whatdidyouhave___breakfast?A.atB.asC.forD.about()3Theywereinvitedtoanimportantball____thefirsttime____theirlives.A.for;inB.at;inC.on;forD.in;with()4Tomalwayscomeslate____school.A.at.B.insideC.toD.for()5MrSmithcaughthold___Bobandsaid,"Thisisagoodlesson___you.A.of;forB.for;ofC.of;ofD.for;for()6Theshop___clothesistherightside___thestreet.A.of;at;besideB.for;on;atC.for;on;ofD.of;in;of参考答案:1.1-7BAAAAAB 2.1-3CCB3.1-4BBBB 4.1-6CADBAD 5.1-4BDBA6.1-7BABBACA7.1-4CBBC8.1-3BAA9.1-4AAAA 10.1-4BADC 11.1-3ABC12.1-4AACB 13.1-3BDB 14.1-5BDABA15.1-4CDAB16.1-4AAAB17.1-4CBBD18.1-4BBBB19.1-4ABBB20.1-5AADCD21.1-5DCCA22.1-7BADBCAA23.1-3DCC24.1-6CABCAD25.1-6DCAAAB26.1-6AADBBD27.1-3CAA28.1-4BCCB29.1-6BCACAC您好,欢迎您阅读我的文章,本WORD文档可编辑修改,也可以直接打印。阅读过后,希望您提出保贵的意见或建议。阅读和学习是一种非常好的习惯,坚持下去,让我们共同进步。