初中英语语法：非谓语动词 12页

跟郭老师学初中英语语法：非谓语动词MINGTlQUSHI°1二命题超列考标导向化非谓语动词是河北中考的必考点。从命题内容来看，动词不定式作主语、定语、宾语补足语；动词不定式与疑问词连用；部分动词后接不定式或动名词作宾语的区别；过去分词作定语等都是常考点。从命题形式来看，以单项选择为主，一般占1分。预计2016年，对非谓语动词的考查，动词不定式仍是热点。年份题号题型分值201132单项选择1201237单项选择1201339单项选择1201433单项选择1201539单项选择12011—2015年河北中考试题分析表：（非谓语动词）DINGYI02-疋义概念淸晰化非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词，它们在句屮不能单独作谓语，而有谓语以外的其他语法功能，在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制，但仍有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时在特殊情况卜“0可以省略。动词不定式貝有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也具有动词的部分特征，能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加・ing构成，在句小作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句屮作定语、状语、表语和补语。ZHISHIGUILEI03-知识归类知识网络化①动词不定式:••…［分类图解】•I功能例句主语TospeakEnglishwellisrftaneasyjob・宾语Theydecidedtochangetheirmind.宾语补足语Hehelpsthelittlegirltofinishherhomeworkeveryday.定语Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.表语Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthechildren.状语目的Everymorninghegetsupveryearlytoexercise. 结果Hereturnedhometolearnhissonhadgonetothecountryside.;••…［特例清单】••1.不定式作宾语(1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，女mwouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看一场电影吗？(2)在find,think后面接不定式作宾语时,常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如:IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我发现每天读英语很容易。(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：whynotdo...,hadbetter(not)do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease(not)do...如：Iwouldratherstayathome.我宁愿待在家里。2.不定式作宾语补足语tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他将收咅机的咅量调低。MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我母亲鼓励我学日语。注意：述有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略too这些动词有：一感(feel)>二听(hear,listento)>三让(let,make,have)>四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)>半帮助(help)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.老板让他们工作了一整夜。Theyweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.他们被老板要求工作了一整夜。3.不定式作定语⑴不定式作定语时，应放在名词Z后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?想耍点喝的东西吗？(2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如:Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。题组训练1.（2015保定一模）Rememberthatlawsarenecessaryyou.A.toprotectB.protectC.promiseD.topromise2.（2015石裕华区模拟）Whyareyouhere?Youaresupposedintheclassroomnow.A.studyB.tobestudiedC.studyingD.tobestudying 1.（2015邯郸二模）Manypeoplewenttothebeachthebeautifulsceneeveryyear.A.enjoyB.enjoyedC.toenjoyD.enjoying2.（2015石家庄长安区一模）一Youlooksad.Wouldyoulikemewhathappened? 一Sony.It"sanow.A.totell;secretB.telling;secretC.totell;newsD.telling;news1.（2015沧州一模）一Ihaven"tgotapartner.一MaybeyoucanaskJohnforhelp.A.workwithB・toworkC.workingwithD・toworkwith2.（2015石家庄藁城区模拟）Grannyoftentellsuswaterinourdailylife.A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saves3.（2015滦平县二模）Whynotanartclubtopracticedrawingpictures?A.joinB.tojoinC.takepartinD.totakepartin4.（2015j可北模拟）HewarnsScroogehiswaysifhedoesn^twanttoenduphim.A.change;asB.change;likeC.tochange;likeD.tochange;as5.（2015石家庄一模）一Mom,Iamverythirsty.一Let"sgotothesupermarketsomedrinks.A.tobuyB.buyC.buyingD.buys6.（2015邯郸武安七中模拟）—MayIlistentothemusichere,Mr.White?一Sorry,youMbetteritlikethat.A.nottodoB・notdoC.don"tdoD.notdoto①特殊结构的不定式:••…〔分类图解］»I结构例句too...to...结构Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.not+不定式Theteachertoldthestudentsnottoplaysoccerontheroad.疑问词+不定式作主语Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.作宾语Hedidn^tknowwhattosay.作表语Thequestioniswheretofindthewater.fo卄名词（代词的宾格）+不定式Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromeachothc匚of+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式ItisverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.:••…［特例清单】»I1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语吋，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+be+adj.+（for/ofsb.）+动词不定式。注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如:TolearnEnglishwellisuseful,tItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.把英语学好是有用的。 Ifsimportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.对丁■我们来说，保护环境很重要。Ifsverykindofyoutohelpme.伤〈帮助我真是太好啦。It"sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。1.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。如:Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学牛要做什么。Hedidn^knowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。（wheretogo=whereheshouldgo）题组训练1.（2015河北）一It"simportantforustoknowallthesubjects.一Yeah,groupworkismyfavorite・A.howtostudyB.whentostudyC.whichtostudyD.whattostudy2.（2015路北二模）一FdliketotakeatriptoBeijing.Canyougivemeanyideasabout?一IcantellyoutheplacesPvevisited.A.wheregoB.wheretogoC.whentogoD.whengo3.（2015邯郸一模）Wedon"tknowitnext.Let"sgoandaskMr.Wangforhelp.A.todowhatB.whattodoC.todowhetherD.whethertodo4.（2015沧州一模）一WhynotlistentoBBCnewstoimproveyourlisteningskills?一It"sdifficultformefollow.A.too;toB.so;thatC.such;thatD.so;too5.（2015石家庄质量检测）Myclassmateswillgotoanoldpeople"sroom.ButIdon"tknowwhen.A.goB.togoC.goingD.went6.（2015河北屮考综合试卷二）It"scleverhertoworkoutmanydifficultmathproblems.A.for;soB.of;suchC.of;soD.for;such7.（2015石家庄长安区一模）一Haveyoumade叩yourmindtheblindkids?一Bysingingsongs.A.whattodoB.whentohelpC.howtocheerupD.wheretolookafter8.（2015石家庄18县联考）Teachersoftentellsuswithmobilephonesinschool.A.nottoplayB・notplayingC.notplayD.play①动词・ing形式:••…〔分类图解］»・功能例句主语Skatingonthethiniceisdangerous. 宾语Ifinisheddoingmyhomework・表语Thenurse"sjobislookingafterthepatients.定语Sheisreadinginthereadingroom.宾语补足语Hekeptthemachinerunningfortenhours.状语Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.1.英语中一些词后常跟动名词作宾语，初中阶段这类词有:finish（完成），mind价意），beworth（值得）,bebusy（忙于）,practice（练习），havefun（玩得高兴）,feellike（想要）,beusedto（习惯于），consider（考虑）,enjoy（喜欢）。2.主语+be+happy（glad,pleased,angry,sorry,careful,ready等）+todosth.女口：Pmgladtoseeyouagain.我很高兴再次见到你。Fmsorrytohearthat.听到那个消息我感到遗憾。3.几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析：（1）stopdoing/stoptodostopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停止、屮断做某事后去做另一件事（2）forgetdoing/forgettodoforgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事（事情已做）forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事（事情没做）（3）rememberdoing/remembertodorememberdoingsth.记得做过某事（已做）remembertodosth.记着去做某事（没做）（4）trydoing/trytodotrydoingsth.尝试着去做某事trytodosth.设法或努力去做某事（5）goondoing/goontodogoondoingsth.继续不停地做同一件事情goontodosth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事（6）allowdoingsth./allowsb.todosth.allowdoingsth.允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事（7）regretdoing/regrettodoregretdoingsth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔（已做）regrettodosth.对耍做的事感到遗憾（未做）（8）meandoing/meantodomeandoingsth.意味着做某事meantodosth.打算、想做某事题组训练1.（2015石家庄裕华区模拟）一Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutmytrip. 一DorTtyouremembermeaboutityesterday?A.toldB.totellC.tellD.telling1.（2015结课B卷）ThetennisstarLiNahasstoppedtennis.Sheretiresfromthenationalteam.A.receivingB.toreceiveC.playingD・toplay 1.（2015河北模拟检测型）Wouldyoumindmeyourticket,sir?A.toshowB.showingC.tochangeD.changing2.（2014河北二模）Allofusshouldplayapartintheearth.A.saveB.savedC.tosaveD.saving3.（2014河北预测卷一）Mr.BlackhopesteenagersthinkhisadviceisworthA.takeB.totakeC.takenD.taking4.（2014河北预测卷一）Themachineisusedforabigmetalintopieces.A.cutB.tocutC.cuttingD.cuts5.Whenhearrivedattheoffice,hefoundalltheworkers.A.workingB.workC.toworkD.worked6.一WhereasM匚Yu,doyouknow?一Well,it，shardtosay.ButIheardhimloudlyherejustnow.A.wasreadingB.readingC.hadreadD・toread①动词的过去分词「•…【分类图解］功能例句表语Thedoorremainedlocked.定语Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisnowadepartmentstore.宾语补足语Iheardmynamecalled・状语Heatedwaterchangesintosteam.英语中过去分词可作宾补（此时的过去分词一•般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。作宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.（宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态）1.过去分词用在get,have,make的后面。注意"have+宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：（1）表示“让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做”。如：Ihavehadmybikerepaired.我已经请人把我的R行车修好了。（2）表示“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受……影响，蒙受……损失”。如：Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.上个月在公汽上我的钱包被偷了。2.“make+宾语+过去分词”，在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高声音目的是让我自己被听见。3.过去分词用在感官动词watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find等后面。如 Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.到学校吋，我们发现门被锁了。1.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构小，过去分词与宾语Z间是动宾关系。如:Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.那个小偷被带了进来，他的7T被绑在背后。1.过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别：现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短吋间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。如：Hedidn"tnoticemewaiting.他没有注意到我正在等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听见这首歌用英语来唱了。Isawhimopeningthewindow.我看见他正在开窗户。Isawthewindowopened.我看见窗户被开了。Isawhimopenthewindow.我看见他开了窗户。IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.我听见她用英语唱了这首歌。题组训练1.（2014河北预测卷三）ThiscomputerdoesiTtwork.Iwillhaveittomorrow.A.repairedB.repairC.repairingD.repairs2.（2014邯郸25Davidenjoysmusicatweekends,butIpreferforapicnic.A.tolisten;togooutB.listento;goingtoC.listeningto;gooutD・1isteningto;togoout一Torn,whyareyouinsuchahurry?一Oh,mybikeisbroken.Fmgoingtohaveit.A.repairingB.repairedC.torepairD.torepairedThedriverwantedhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenotto.A.parkB.toparkC.parkedD.parking一Wedon5thavemuchhomeworkthisweekend・Shallwegoouttogether?11三模）一Whyarcyousoworried?一IhadmyMP4yesterday.A.stealB.stoicC・stealingD.stolen3.（2014廊坊二模）Mr.Greenoftendrinkstwocupsofwaterwhenhecomesback.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.boils4.（201牛保定一模）一Whydoyouspeakinaloudvoice?一BecauseIwanttomakemyselfclearly.A.such;hearB.so;heardC.such;heardD・so;hear5.（2014邯郸二模）ThenewtreatmentsbyNormanBethunehelpedanumberofsoldiers.A.inventB.inventsC・inventingD.inventedZHENGHEJIXUN04-整吕集训反馈层级化 A.toseeB.seeingC.toseeingD・sees5.Theboyislookingforwardtoagoodtimeaftertheexam.A.tohaveB.hasC.havingD.have6.一Marydancesbestinourschool.一Iagree.Tilneverforgetherdanceforthefirsttime.A.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.seen7.IttookmydaughtertwoweekstoreadthenovelsbyYangHongying.A.writeB.writesC.wroteD.written8.一YourspokenEnglishismuchbetterthanbefore.一Thankyou.OurteacheroftenasksusEnglishasmuchaspossible.A.tospeakB.nottospeakC.speakD.notspeak9.Tomoftenmakeshisbrother,butyesterdayhewasmadebyhisbrothe匚A.cry;tocryB.tocry;cryC.cry;cryD・tocry;tocry10.一WecanuseQQtochatwitheachotheronline.一Really?Couldyoupleaseshowmeit?A.whentodoB.whytodoC.howtodoD.whattodo11.一DoyoulikegoingshoppingonSundays?—No,Iwouldratherbooksathomethanshopping.A.toread;goB・read;togoC.read;goD.toread;togo12.Whenhesawaticketontheground,hestopped.A.topickitupB.pickingitupC.topickupitD.pickupit13.Wehavetworooms,butIcan"tdecided.A.tolive;tochoosewhichoneB.lived;choosewhichoneC.tolivein;whichonetochooseD・livein;whichonehealthy,youshouldtakemoreexerciseandeatlessmeat.D.Keptmusicandhavehardseats14.一WhatshouldIdo,doctor?A.KeepB.KeepingC.Tokeep15.Manyfastfoodrestaurantspainttheirwallsred,playloudcustomerseatquicklyandleave.D.makingA.makeB・tomakeC.made16.一Canyoufinish一Yes,Ican.A.toreadthesebooksbefore10o"clock?B.readC.readsD.readinguntilwemakeit.17.Nomatterhowharditis,weTlkeepA.failedB.failingherebutsofarshehasn"tappearedyet.B.meetingC.tomeet1&WeagreedA.havingmetC.triedD.tiyingD.meet 19.一Tony,whatdoIneedtotakeforthehiking?一YotTdbettermorewaterthanusual.Ifshottoday.A.takeB.totakeC.takingD.took20.一DoyoustillremembermesomewhereinShanghai?一Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.A.toseeB.seeC.seeingD・saw参考答案跟郭老师学初中英语语法：非谓语动词题组训练1-5.ADCAD6-10.CACAB11-15.ABDAB16-20.CCADC21-25.BDDCA26-30.BADCC31.D整合集训1-5.DBBBC6-10.ADAAC11-15.CACCB16-20.DDCAC一OK.Whataboutamovie?