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跟郭老师学初中英语语法:非谓语动词MINGTlQUSHI°1二命题超列考标导向化非谓语动词是河北中考的必考点。从命题内容来看,动词不定式作主语、定语、宾语补足语;动词不定式与疑问词连用;部分动词后接不定式或动名词作宾语的区别;过去分词作定语等都是常考点。从命题形式来看,以单项选择为主,一般占1分。预计2016年,对非谓语动词的考查,动词不定式仍是热点。年份题号题型分值201132单项选择1201237单项选择1201339单项选择1201433单项选择1201539单项选择12011—2015年河北中考试题分析表:(非谓语动词)DINGYI02-疋义概念淸晰化非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词,它们在句屮不能单独作谓语,而有谓语以外的其他语法功能,在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制,但仍有时态和语态的变化,也可以带宾语和状语,构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,有时在特殊情况卜“0可以省略。动词不定式貝有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时也具有动词的部分特征,能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加・ing构成,在句小作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句屮作定语、状语、表语和补语。ZHISHIGUILEI03-知识归类知识网络化①动词不定式:••…[分类图解】•I功能例句主语TospeakEnglishwellisrftaneasyjob・宾语Theydecidedtochangetheirmind.宾语补足语Hehelpsthelittlegirltofinishherhomeworkeveryday.定语Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.表语Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthechildren.状语目的Everymorninghegetsupveryearlytoexercise.
结果Hereturnedhometolearnhissonhadgonetothecountryside.;••…[特例清单】••1.不定式作宾语(1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,女mwouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如:Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看一场电影吗?(2)在find,think后面接不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。如:IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我发现每天读英语很容易。(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式:whynotdo...,hadbetter(not)do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease(not)do...如:Iwouldratherstayathome.我宁愿待在家里。2.不定式作宾语补足语tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他将收咅机的咅量调低。MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我母亲鼓励我学日语。注意:述有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略too这些动词有:一感(feel)>二听(hear,listento)>三让(let,make,have)>四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)>半帮助(help)。但变被动语态时,必须加上to。如:Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.老板让他们工作了一整夜。Theyweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.他们被老板要求工作了一整夜。3.不定式作定语⑴不定式作定语时,应放在名词Z后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?想耍点喝的东西吗?(2)如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如:Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。题组训练1.(2015保定一模)Rememberthatlawsarenecessaryyou.A.toprotectB.protectC.promiseD.topromise2.(2015石裕华区模拟)Whyareyouhere?Youaresupposedintheclassroomnow.A.studyB.tobestudiedC.studyingD.tobestudying
1.(2015邯郸二模)Manypeoplewenttothebeachthebeautifulsceneeveryyear.A.enjoyB.enjoyedC.toenjoyD.enjoying2.(2015石家庄长安区一模)一Youlooksad.Wouldyoulikemewhathappened?
一Sony.It"sanow.A.totell;secretB.telling;secretC.totell;newsD.telling;news1.(2015沧州一模)一Ihaven"tgotapartner.一MaybeyoucanaskJohnforhelp.A.workwithB・toworkC.workingwithD・toworkwith2.(2015石家庄藁城区模拟)Grannyoftentellsuswaterinourdailylife.A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saves3.(2015滦平县二模)Whynotanartclubtopracticedrawingpictures?A.joinB.tojoinC.takepartinD.totakepartin4.(2015j可北模拟)HewarnsScroogehiswaysifhedoesn^twanttoenduphim.A.change;asB.change;likeC.tochange;likeD.tochange;as5.(2015石家庄一模)一Mom,Iamverythirsty.一Let"sgotothesupermarketsomedrinks.A.tobuyB.buyC.buyingD.buys6.(2015邯郸武安七中模拟)—MayIlistentothemusichere,Mr.White?一Sorry,youMbetteritlikethat.A.nottodoB・notdoC.don"tdoD.notdoto①特殊结构的不定式:••…〔分类图解]»I结构例句too...to...结构Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.not+不定式Theteachertoldthestudentsnottoplaysoccerontheroad.疑问词+不定式作主语Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.作宾语Hedidn^tknowwhattosay.作表语Thequestioniswheretofindthewater.fo卄名词(代词的宾格)+不定式Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromeachothc匚of+名词(代词的宾格)+不定式ItisverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.:••…[特例清单】»I1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语吋,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为:It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+动词不定式。注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如:TolearnEnglishwellisuseful,tItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.把英语学好是有用的。
Ifsimportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.对丁■我们来说,保护环境很重要。Ifsverykindofyoutohelpme.伤〈帮助我真是太好啦。It"sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。1.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。如:Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学牛要做什么。Hedidn^knowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。(wheretogo=whereheshouldgo)题组训练1.(2015河北)一It"simportantforustoknowallthesubjects.一Yeah,groupworkismyfavorite・A.howtostudyB.whentostudyC.whichtostudyD.whattostudy2.(2015路北二模)一FdliketotakeatriptoBeijing.Canyougivemeanyideasabout?一IcantellyoutheplacesPvevisited.A.wheregoB.wheretogoC.whentogoD.whengo3.(2015邯郸一模)Wedon"tknowitnext.Let"sgoandaskMr.Wangforhelp.A.todowhatB.whattodoC.todowhetherD.whethertodo4.(2015沧州一模)一WhynotlistentoBBCnewstoimproveyourlisteningskills?一It"sdifficultformefollow.A.too;toB.so;thatC.such;thatD.so;too5.(2015石家庄质量检测)Myclassmateswillgotoanoldpeople"sroom.ButIdon"tknowwhen.A.goB.togoC.goingD.went6.(2015河北屮考综合试卷二)It"scleverhertoworkoutmanydifficultmathproblems.A.for;soB.of;suchC.of;soD.for;such7.(2015石家庄长安区一模)一Haveyoumade叩yourmindtheblindkids?一Bysingingsongs.A.whattodoB.whentohelpC.howtocheerupD.wheretolookafter8.(2015石家庄18县联考)Teachersoftentellsuswithmobilephonesinschool.A.nottoplayB・notplayingC.notplayD.play①动词・ing形式:••…〔分类图解]»・功能例句主语Skatingonthethiniceisdangerous.
宾语Ifinisheddoingmyhomework・表语Thenurse"sjobislookingafterthepatients.定语Sheisreadinginthereadingroom.宾语补足语Hekeptthemachinerunningfortenhours.状语Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.1.英语中一些词后常跟动名词作宾语,初中阶段这类词有:finish(完成),mind价意),beworth(值得),bebusy(忙于),practice(练习),havefun(玩得高兴),feellike(想要),beusedto(习惯于),consider(考虑),enjoy(喜欢)。2.主语+be+happy(glad,pleased,angry,sorry,careful,ready等)+todosth.女口:Pmgladtoseeyouagain.我很高兴再次见到你。Fmsorrytohearthat.听到那个消息我感到遗憾。3.几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析:(1)stopdoing/stoptodostopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停止、屮断做某事后去做另一件事(2)forgetdoing/forgettodoforgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(事情已做)forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事(事情没做)(3)rememberdoing/remembertodorememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)remembertodosth.记着去做某事(没做)(4)trydoing/trytodotrydoingsth.尝试着去做某事trytodosth.设法或努力去做某事(5)goondoing/goontodogoondoingsth.继续不停地做同一件事情goontodosth.做完一件事,接着去做另外一件事(6)allowdoingsth./allowsb.todosth.allowdoingsth.允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事(7)regretdoing/regrettodoregretdoingsth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做)regrettodosth.对耍做的事感到遗憾(未做)(8)meandoing/meantodomeandoingsth.意味着做某事meantodosth.打算、想做某事题组训练1.(2015石家庄裕华区模拟)一Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutmytrip.
一DorTtyouremembermeaboutityesterday?A.toldB.totellC.tellD.telling1.(2015结课B卷)ThetennisstarLiNahasstoppedtennis.Sheretiresfromthenationalteam.A.receivingB.toreceiveC.playingD・toplay
1.(2015河北模拟检测型)Wouldyoumindmeyourticket,sir?A.toshowB.showingC.tochangeD.changing2.(2014河北二模)Allofusshouldplayapartintheearth.A.saveB.savedC.tosaveD.saving3.(2014河北预测卷一)Mr.BlackhopesteenagersthinkhisadviceisworthA.takeB.totakeC.takenD.taking4.(2014河北预测卷一)Themachineisusedforabigmetalintopieces.A.cutB.tocutC.cuttingD.cuts5.Whenhearrivedattheoffice,hefoundalltheworkers.A.workingB.workC.toworkD.worked6.一WhereasM匚Yu,doyouknow?一Well,it,shardtosay.ButIheardhimloudlyherejustnow.A.wasreadingB.readingC.hadreadD・toread①动词的过去分词「•…【分类图解]功能例句表语Thedoorremainedlocked.定语Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisnowadepartmentstore.宾语补足语Iheardmynamecalled・状语Heatedwaterchangesintosteam.英语中过去分词可作宾补(此时的过去分词一•般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。作宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如:Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系,表一种状态)1.过去分词用在get,have,make的后面。注意"have+宾语+过去分词”的两种情况:(1)表示“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”。如:Ihavehadmybikerepaired.我已经请人把我的R行车修好了。(2)表示“遭遇到某种不幸,受到打击/受……影响,蒙受……损失”。如:Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.上个月在公汽上我的钱包被偷了。2.“make+宾语+过去分词”,在这种结构中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如:Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高声音目的是让我自己被听见。3.过去分词用在感官动词watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find等后面。如
Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.到学校吋,我们发现门被锁了。1.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构小,过去分词与宾语Z间是动宾关系。如:Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.那个小偷被带了进来,他的7T被绑在背后。1.过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别:现在分词作宾补:宾语和补语之间是主谓关系,其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补:宾语和补语之间是动宾关系,其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补:表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短吋间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。如:Hedidn"tnoticemewaiting.他没有注意到我正在等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听见这首歌用英语来唱了。Isawhimopeningthewindow.我看见他正在开窗户。Isawthewindowopened.我看见窗户被开了。Isawhimopenthewindow.我看见他开了窗户。IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.我听见她用英语唱了这首歌。题组训练1.(2014河北预测卷三)ThiscomputerdoesiTtwork.Iwillhaveittomorrow.A.repairedB.repairC.repairingD.repairs2.(2014邯郸25Davidenjoysmusicatweekends,butIpreferforapicnic.A.tolisten;togooutB.listento;goingtoC.listeningto;gooutD・1isteningto;togoout一Torn,whyareyouinsuchahurry?一Oh,mybikeisbroken.Fmgoingtohaveit.A.repairingB.repairedC.torepairD.torepairedThedriverwantedhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenotto.A.parkB.toparkC.parkedD.parking一Wedon5thavemuchhomeworkthisweekend・Shallwegoouttogether?11三模)一Whyarcyousoworried?一IhadmyMP4yesterday.A.stealB.stoicC・stealingD.stolen3.(2014廊坊二模)Mr.Greenoftendrinkstwocupsofwaterwhenhecomesback.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.boils4.(201牛保定一模)一Whydoyouspeakinaloudvoice?一BecauseIwanttomakemyselfclearly.A.such;hearB.so;heardC.such;heardD・so;hear5.(2014邯郸二模)ThenewtreatmentsbyNormanBethunehelpedanumberofsoldiers.A.inventB.inventsC・inventingD.inventedZHENGHEJIXUN04-整吕集训反馈层级化
A.toseeB.seeingC.toseeingD・sees5.Theboyislookingforwardtoagoodtimeaftertheexam.A.tohaveB.hasC.havingD.have6.一Marydancesbestinourschool.一Iagree.Tilneverforgetherdanceforthefirsttime.A.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.seen7.IttookmydaughtertwoweekstoreadthenovelsbyYangHongying.A.writeB.writesC.wroteD.written8.一YourspokenEnglishismuchbetterthanbefore.一Thankyou.OurteacheroftenasksusEnglishasmuchaspossible.A.tospeakB.nottospeakC.speakD.notspeak9.Tomoftenmakeshisbrother,butyesterdayhewasmadebyhisbrothe匚A.cry;tocryB.tocry;cryC.cry;cryD・tocry;tocry10.一WecanuseQQtochatwitheachotheronline.一Really?Couldyoupleaseshowmeit?A.whentodoB.whytodoC.howtodoD.whattodo11.一DoyoulikegoingshoppingonSundays?—No,Iwouldratherbooksathomethanshopping.A.toread;goB・read;togoC.read;goD.toread;togo12.Whenhesawaticketontheground,hestopped.A.topickitupB.pickingitupC.topickupitD.pickupit13.Wehavetworooms,butIcan"tdecided.A.tolive;tochoosewhichoneB.lived;choosewhichoneC.tolivein;whichonetochooseD・livein;whichonehealthy,youshouldtakemoreexerciseandeatlessmeat.D.Keptmusicandhavehardseats14.一WhatshouldIdo,doctor?A.KeepB.KeepingC.Tokeep15.Manyfastfoodrestaurantspainttheirwallsred,playloudcustomerseatquicklyandleave.D.makingA.makeB・tomakeC.made16.一Canyoufinish一Yes,Ican.A.toreadthesebooksbefore10o"clock?B.readC.readsD.readinguntilwemakeit.17.Nomatterhowharditis,weTlkeepA.failedB.failingherebutsofarshehasn"tappearedyet.B.meetingC.tomeet1&WeagreedA.havingmetC.triedD.tiyingD.meet
19.一Tony,whatdoIneedtotakeforthehiking?一YotTdbettermorewaterthanusual.Ifshottoday.A.takeB.totakeC.takingD.took20.一DoyoustillremembermesomewhereinShanghai?一Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.A.toseeB.seeC.seeingD・saw参考答案跟郭老师学初中英语语法:非谓语动词题组训练1-5.ADCAD6-10.CACAB11-15.ABDAB16-20.CCADC21-25.BDDCA26-30.BADCC31.D整合集训1-5.DBBBC6-10.ADAAC11-15.CACCB16-20.DDCAC一OK.Whataboutamovie?