初中英语语法定语从句讲解&练习 11页

初中英语语法——定语从句（一）定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘„„的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow? =Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that用法(1)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．(g)为了避免重复．(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时举例：Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。（三）关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2.when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschool,hebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.练习一（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther. 5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.练习二一、单项填空1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting. A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when16.Iworkinabusiness________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that17.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which18.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone________theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom19.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where20.Thefamousscientistgrewup________hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever21.Astorygoes________ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that22.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which 23.Isthisfactory______youworkedat?A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where24.Isthisthefactory_______youworked?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theone25.---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?---Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who26.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that27.---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which28.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who29.Doyouknowaboy______sisterisanurseinahospital?A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose30.Isthereashopnearhere______wecanbuyvegetablesandfruits?A.whichB.whenC.whoD.where二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子1.Theboys________areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.Those______wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.3.MrLiuistheperson________youtalkedaboutonthebus.4.Theprofessor________youarewaitingforhascome.5.Footballisagame_______islikedbymostboys.6.Helikestoreadbooks________arewrittenbyforeignwriters.7.Thisisthepen_______heboughtyesterday.8.We’llgotohearthefamoussinger_______wehaveoftentalked.9.Whereistheman_________Isawthismorning?10.Theseason_________comesafterspringissummer.11.Ivisitedascientist________nameisknownalloverthecountry.12.Hehasafriend______fatherisadoctor.13.Ioncelivedinthehouse_____roofhasfallenin.14.Istillremembertheday_____Ifirstcametothisschool.15.Thetime_______wegottogetherfinallyarrived.16.Shanghaiisthecity______Iwasborn.17.Thehouse______Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.18.Pleasetellmethereason______youmissedtheplane. 19.Thereason____hewaspunishedisunknowntous.20.Allthepeople______arepresentburstintotears.21.Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostof_______arewelleducated.22.Hesucceededinthecompetition,_____madehisparentsveryhappy.23.Theschool______heoncestudiedisveryfamous.24.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine_______youasked.25.Thisistheboy________Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.练习三1.Thehouse____weliveisnotbig.A.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.that2.Hetalkedaboutthelecturesandschools____hehadvisited.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom3.Thescientisttheteacheristalking____isleavingforBeijing.A.tohimB.whomC.toD.tothat4.Iwho____yourteacher,willteachMarxismasatruthtoyou.A.isB.areC.wereD.am5.____theycoulddowastoworkhard.A.AllB.AllwhatC.AllwhichD.That6.Doyouknowthereason____hedidn’tcome?A.thatB.whichC.forD.why7.Theroom____windowsfacesouthishis.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who’s8.Thepark,____wevisitedyesterday,isverynice.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when9.Thepark,____wemetwithhim,isverynice.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when10.Thefirsttime____Isawherwasin1989.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.as11.Payattentiontoall____Ido.A.whichB.inwhichC.whatD.that 12.I’vereadallthebooks____yougaveme.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that13.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it14.Thewoman____childhadfallenillwasadoctor.A.whoB.herC.whoseD./15.Thepen____I’musing____ishers.A.which;itB.that;itC.it;/D./16.Ihavethesametrouble____youhave.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what17.It’stheverybook____Iwanttofind.A.whichB.thatC.itD.so18.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho____Englishforfouryears.A.haslearntB.havelearntC.learnD.learning19.Thisisoneofthebooks____worthreading.A.thatisB.whichareC.itwasD.theyarebeen20.Thisisthebestfilm____beenshownthisyear.A.whichhasB.whichhaveC.thathasD.thathave21.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,theminutehave____issixminuteslong.A.whereB.ofwhichC.thatD.ofthat22.Canyoutellmethereason____youdidn’tcomeforyesterday?A.whyB.howC.whichD.what23.Doyoustillremembertheday____wespenttogetherlastmonth?A.thatB.inwhichC.whenD.where24.Oct.1,1949wastheday____theNewChinawasfounded.A.thatB.inwhichC.whenD.where25.Which/Whoofthem____knowssomethingaboutEnglishdoesn’tknowthisword?A.whichB.whoC.thatD.as26.____weallknow,heisagoodman.A.WhichB.Who C.ThatD.As27.I’veneverseensuchalazyboy____youare.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.as28.Thereweremanygreatleadersinthehistory____AbrahamLincolnwasthegreatestone.A.inwhichB.inwhomC.ofwhichD.ofwhom29.Iboughtanewdictionary,____isverybeautiful.A.whosethecoverB.ofwhichcoverC.thecoverofwhichD.whichcover30.Theyhaveplantedmanytrees,onethirdof____arepinetrees.A.themB.whoseC.whichD.that31.Thatismyoffice,____facethesouth.A.it’swindowsB.thewindowsC.thewindowsofitD.thewindowsofwhich32.He’sgivenusalotofinformation,____isvaluable.A.littleofitB.LittleofwhichC.alittleD.muchofthem33.Hehastwosons,____isacollagestudent.A.whoB.bothofwhomC.neitherofwhomD.neither34.Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass,____isonlyfifteen.A.theyoungestofwhomB.theoldestofthemC.oneofthemD.thetallest35.Hehaspublishedtwobooks,____I’vecompletelyforgotten.A.theirnamesB.thenamesofwhichC.thenamesofthemD.whatnamesofwhich36.Hehasseveralfriends,themostdevoted____isHenry.A.friendB.oneofthemC.ofthemD.ofwhom37.Fivemenstoleintothegate,____waslameintherightleg.A.thesecondB.thethirdofwhomC.oneofthemD.amongthem38.Thisistheveryschool____Iwantedtovisit.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.inwhich39.Istheschool____youaregoingtowork?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there40.Isthis____youwant?A.whichB.theoneC.thatD.theonewhat]41.Shanghai,____Ihavevisitedtwice,hasalargepopulation. A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that42.Myyoungestsister,____isfortyyearsold,hasgotalifeprofessorshipinauniversity.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that43.Thestudentsdidn’tliketheway____shewasdressed.A./B.whichC.whatD.how44.There’snoway____youcouldstopotherstalkingaboutyouunlessyoudon’tspareyourself(严格要求自己).A.forB.thatC.whereD.ofwhich45.Iamdeterminedtolearnmysubjectsintheway____youhavedone.A.inwhichB.bywhatC.whatD.where46.Heusedtodothingsinaway____didnoharmtoanybody.A./B.whatC.inwhichD.that47.I’lldo____tohelpyou.A.allIcanB.allwhatIcanC.allthoseImanageD.allwhichIcan48.All____wanttobuythebook,putdownyournameshere.A.whoB.thesethatC.thosewhoD.ones49.Thisisthethirdtime____you’relateforschool.A.inwhichB.thatC.whichD.onwhich50.Hearrivedyesterday,____wasjustwhatweexpected.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which51.EinsteintaughtatPrinceton,____therewasafamousresearchinstitute.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.becauseof52.Thatisthereason____hecametoseeyou.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.forwhich53.Sheisoneofthefewpersons____Spanishinourschool.A.whoknowsB.whoknowC.whichspeakD.thatspeaks54.Heistheonlyoneoftheteachers____Spanishinourschool.A.whoteachesB.whoteachC.whichteachesD.thatteach55.Youaretheonlyone____advicehemightlistento.A.whoB.that C.whoseD.whatever56.Hereissobigastone____nomancanlift.A.asB.whichC.whoD.that57.Heseemsaforeigner,____infactitis.A.whichB.asC.thatD.and58.Who____hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that59.Isthisthemuseum____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone60.Isthismuseum____youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone61.Howdoyoulikethebook?It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat62.Whichsentenceiswrong?A.ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.B.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform?C.Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.D.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.63.Antarctic____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich64.Eachtime____theymet,theywouldtalklonghourstogether.A.whichB.duringC.whenD./65.Maythefourthistheday____weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich66.Isitinthatfactory____“RedFlag”carsareproduced?A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that67.Heisnot____afool____.A.such;asheislookedB.such;ashelooks.C.as;asheislookedD.so;ashelooks68.Someoftheroadswereflooded,____madeourjourneymoredifficult.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that69.Thebuses,____werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyonangrycrowd.A.mostofthatB.whichmostC.mostofwhichD.thatmost70.Heisamanofgreatexperience,____muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom