2021年【归纳】高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解 8页

高中英语语法基础——定语从句学问点归纳讲解（附同步练习）一.定语从句的两个要点：★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；通常情形下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词；★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词；也可以称作引导词；①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语.宾语等名词性成分；|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*||欢.|迎.|下.|载.②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语；二.定语从句的关系词〔引导词〕用法精讲：（一）.使用who.whom.which.that的定语从句1.whoThisistheboywhoplaysbasketballverywell.ThisistheteacherwhoisteachingusEnglish.▲who指人、在从句中作主语；2.whomThisistheboy〔whom〕Ioftenhelp.Themanisourheadmaster〔whom〕youmetjustnow.Imetthegirl〔whom〕youoftenpraise.▲whom指人、在从句中作宾语、可省略；3.whichThisisthefarmwhichkeepsmanycows.Thisisthefarm〔which〕Ivisiteveryyear.▲which指事物、在从句中作主语或宾语、作宾语时可省略；4.that以上三种情形均可用that；指人或指物，可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略；（二）.使用whose的定语从句Doyouknowthegirlwhosefatherismayor.Iusedtoworkinanofficewhosewindowfacesnorth.Iworkinaschoolwhosestudentsareexcellent.▲whose指人或物的所属关系，表示“某人的”或“某物的”；whose在从句中做定语；（三）.只能用that引导定语从句的情形(1)先行词为不定代词all、everything、nothing、something、anything、little、muchIwilldoall〔that〕Icantohelpyou.Parentstrytooffereverything〔that〕childrenneed.Thereisnotmuch〔that〕Icandohere.(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时；ThisisthefirstEnglishnovel〔that〕Ihaveeverread.Thisisthelastlesson〔that〕Iwillgiveyou.Thisisthebestfilm〔that〕Ihaveeverseen.(3)先行词被theonly、thevery修饰时； 1第1页，共6页 Thisistheonlything〔that〕Icandoforyou.Thisistheverybook〔that〕Iamlookingfor.(1)人和物同时作先行词时；Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpeople〔that〕wesawintheforeigncountry.(2)防止重复：who/which开头的疑问句；Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere.Whichisthebook〔that〕youwanttoborrow.(3)当引导词在定语从句中作表语时，引导词也可省略；Heisnolongertheman〔that〕hewas.=Heisnolongerwhathewas.〔表语从句〕|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*||欢.|迎.|下.|载.（四）.使用“介词+which”和“介词+whom”的定语从句Thisisthevillageinwhich/whereIwasborn.PhysicsisasubjectinwhichIamveryinterested.ThisisthemanwithwhomIamworking.Ihavemanyfriends、mostofwhomarebusinessmen.Ihavetwosisters、bothofwhomliveinthecountryside.区分：ThisisthegardenwhichIamlookingafter.▲lookafter、takecareof、lookfor等固定词组，介词不行分开；（五）.使用where、when、why的定语从句1.whereThisisthevillagewhereIwasborn.区分：①Thisisthevillagewhichhasmanygreenhouses.ThisistheshopwhereIbuybread.②Thisistheshopwhichsellsbread.ThisistheschoolwhereIamworking.③Thisistheschoolwhichhasmanygoodteachersandstudents.▲where指地点，代替表示地点的介词短语〔介词+先行词〕，在从句中作状语；which指事物，在从句中做主语/宾语，不做状语；▲当point、situation，conditions等词作先行词表抽象的地点、其后常由where引导Canyouthinkoutasituation＿＿＿thiswordcanbeused.Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepoint＿＿＿nobodycancureher.2.whenI’llneverforgetthedaywshenwestudiedtogether.区分：I’llneverforgettheday〔swhich〕wespenttogether.Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneoncomputer.Wearelivinginanagewhichisseeinggreatchanges.▲when指时间，代替表示时间的介词短语〔介词+先行词〕，在从句中作状语；which、指时间，在从句中做主语/宾语，不做状语；3.whyHetoldmethereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschool.区分：Thereason〔which〕hegaveusisnottrue.▲why指缘由，代替forthereason、在从句中作状语；which指缘由、在从句中做主语/宾语、不做状语； 2第2页，共6页 |精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*||欢.|迎.|下.|载.例题：1)Theywillhavetoputoffhisconcertuntilnextmonth、hefinisheshistravelaroundtheworld.〔when=nextmonth；在从句中作状语〕2)Anyway、thatevening、I’mloltreellayboouutlater、IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.〔which=thatevening；在从句中作宾语〕3)Lifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.〔where=intherace；在从句中作状语〕4)Becauseofthefinancialcrisis、daysaregonelocal5-starhotelscharged6、000yuanforonenight.〔when=duringthedays；在从句中作状语〕5)Thereasonherejectedourplanisthathehadnofaithinus.〔why=forthereason；在从句中作状语〕6)Theprofessorlistedanumberofcasespeopleshouldn’ttalktostrangers.〔where=inthecases；在从句中作状语〕7)IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.〔where=atthepoint；在从句中作状语〕8)It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.〔where=inthesituation；在从句中作状语〕9)Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreadersconsumers’complaintshaveresultedinchangthelaw.〔where=inthecases；在从句中作状语〕（六）.way做先行词，用inwhich/that引导定从、或省略，引导词在从句中作状语；1)Iliketheway〔inwhich/that〕youtalk.2)Idon’tliketheway〔inwhich/that〕shewhispersinothers’ears.区分：Wemustlearntoactinwaysdonotharmotherlivingthings.（that；作主语）三.非限制性定语从句（一）非限制性定语从句，先行词后有逗号；先行词常为“人名或地名”、定语从句对其说明作用不大、完全可以省略；不能使用that、其他依据情形均可使用；1.Football、isaveryinterestinggame、isplayedallovertheworld.〔which〕2.Myfather、isakindman、worksinthisschool.〔who〕3.Lincoln、waskilledin1865、wasagoodpresident.〔who〕4.MissZhao、youmet、isourEnglishteacher.〔whom〕（二）.which、as指代一句话、引导非限制性定语从句.1.Igaveherahand、whichmadeherhappy.2.Hecamelate、whichisoftenthecase.▲which指代一句话、引导非限制性定语从句、译成“这一点、这件事”、放主句后；Asiswell-known、Chinaisdevelopingveryfast.（定从）Chinaisdevelopingveryfast、asiswell-known.（定从）区分:Itiswell-knownthatChinaisdevelopingveryfast.〔主从〕▲as指代一句话、引导非限制性定语从句、常译成“正如、正像”、放句首或句尾；3第3页，共6页 （三）．as引到的限制性定语从句，suchas、thesameasHereissuchabigstoneasnoonecanlift.〔定从〕比较:as和that的区分Hereissuchabigstonenoonecanliftit.〔that；状从〕Sheissuchanicegirleveryonelikes.〔as定从〕Sheissuchanicegirleveryonelikesher.〔that状从〕Hisplanwassuchagoodoneweallagreedtoaccept.〔as定从〕Hisplanwassuchagoodoneweallagreedtoacceptit.〔that状从〕|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*||欢.|迎.|下.|载.定语从句同步练习：一．单项挑选；1.InfacttheSweden〔瑞典人〕didnotunderstandthethreequestionswereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which2.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”、leadingactorisworldfamous.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.it’s3.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood、wehadn’texpected.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what4.isknowntoall、Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30years’timeA.ItB.ThatC.WhichD.As5.Thegentlemanyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom6.Hepaidtheboy&10forwashingthewindows、mostofhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.themB.thoseC.thatD.which7.Chinahashundredsofislands、Taiwanisthelargest.A.inwhichB.ofwhichC.whichD.that8.ThedayfinallycameIwasofferedajob.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.since9.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich10.NewYork、lastyear、isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited11.hasbeenannounced、weshallhaveourfinalexamnextmonth.A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What12.Thefamousbasketballstar、triedtomakeacomeback、attractedalotofattention.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who4第4页，共6页 |精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*||欢.|迎.|下.|载.1.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen2.ThankyouforgivingmetheBestDesign、theverybookI’mlookingfor.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where3.He’ssaidtohavebeenspendinghisholidaysinShanghai、isacoastalcity.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.as4.Thereisnosuchplaceyoudreamofinthewholeworld.A.thatB.asC.whichD.what5.ThemountainvillagewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinHubei.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.ThereasonhegavewasthathehadgotuplateA.whyB.thatC.ofwhichD.forwhich7.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity、shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad..A.afterthatB.fromthatC.fromwhichD.afterwhich8.Lookout.Don’tgetclosetothehouse、roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that二．用适当的引导词完成以下定语从句；1.ThisistheteacheristeachingusEnglish.2.Thisisthefarmkeepsmanycows.3.ThisisthefarmIamworkingnow.4.ThisisthefarmIvisiteveryyear.5.Birthdayisadayisimportantforeveryone.6.I’llneverforgetthedayIfirstcametothisschool.7.ThatwasadayI’llrememberforever.8.Idon’tknowthereasonheoftentellslies.9.Thepencilhewaswritingbrokesuddenly.10.Jim、Iwatchedthefootballgame、enjoyeditverymuch.11.Idon’tlikethewayyoutreatyourmothe-irn-law.12.isknowntoall、theearthisround.13.isknowntoallthattheearthisround.14.Itissuchaheavyrocknoonecanliftit.15.Itissuchaheavyrocknoonecanlift.16.Beethovenisafamousmusiciannameisknowntoeveryone.17.I’lldoallIcantohelpyou.18.ThisisthebestfilmI’veeverseen.19.ThisisthefirstEnglishnovelI’veeverread.20.ThisistheverybookIhavebeenlookingfor.5第5页，共6页 【参考答案：】一．单项挑选1—5DBCDB6—10DBAAB11—15BDDCA16—20BBBDA二．用适当的引导词完成以下定语从句1.who/that2.which/that3.where/onwhich4.which/that5.which/that|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*||欢.|迎.|下.|载.6.when/onwhich7.which/that8.why9.withwhich10.withwhom11.that/inwhich12.As13.It14.that15.as16.whose17.that18.that19.that20.that6第6页，共6页