最新人教版初中英语语法定语从句精品课件 81页

TheAttributiveClause(定语(dìngyǔ)从句)第一页，共81页。 一个美丽(měilì)的女孩abeautifulgirlbeautiful（形容词作前置(qiánzhì)定语）一个(yīɡè)穿白色衣服的女孩agirlinwhiteinwhite（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩agirlissingingwhoissinging（定语从句，agirl为先行词）定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“……的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。第二页，共81页。 LiMingisaboy.LiMingisagoodboy.LiMingisagoodboy.形容词作定语(dìngyǔ)介词(jiècí)短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词(dàicí)的从句叫做定语从句。goodwithglasseswhoiswearingglasses句子作定语第三页，共81页。 先行(xiānxíng)词引导(yǐndǎo)词(关系词）从句(cónɡjù)Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.（被修饰的名词或代词）（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子定语从句分析结构：先行词+引导词+从句第四页，共81页。 ThisisthecardthatI’vejustreceived先行(xiānxíng)词引导(yǐndǎo)词从句(cónɡjù)关系代词关系副词who,that,which,whom,whoseWhere,when,why第五页，共81页。 定语(dìngyǔ)从句：由一个句子充当(chōngdāng)定语从句(cónɡjù)的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：被定语从句修饰的词引导词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置第六页，共81页。 做题一般(yībān)步骤1.确定先行词：空格之前的单词或词组2.将先行词带入定语从句，还原从句为完整句子3.根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词第七页，共81页。 步骤(bùzhòu)二步骤(bùzhòu)三Inwhich=where步骤(bùzhòu)一先行词house，带入句子Iliveinthehouse(RIGHT)Thisisthehouse_______Ilive.第八页，共81页。 关系代词关系副词先行词句中作用省否who人主语/宾语关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略whom人宾语which物主语／宾语that人／物主语／宾语whose人／物定语When时间状语where地点状语whyreason状语第九页，共81页。 ■关系代词who,whom的用法who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如：Imetagirlwhoknewyoursister.我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。InBerlin,hefirstmetthewomanwhomhewouldonedaymarry.在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略(shěnglüè)或用who,that代之。如：ThepersontowhomIcomplainedisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。Theperson(who,whom,that)Icomplainedtoisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。关系(guānxì)代词的作用第十页，共81页。 ■关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语(dìngyǔ)从句中主要用作定语(dìngyǔ)。如：Sheisthewomanwhosecarwasstolen.她就是汽车被盗的Thisisthehousewhosewindowswerebroken.这就是窗户被打破了的房子。Mrs.Gray,whosechildrenareincollege,istryingtogetajob.格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。Hishouse,whosewindowswereallbroken,wasadepressingsight.他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。第十一页，共81页。 关系代词(dàicí)WHICH的用法which：只用于指事(zhǐshì)或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：（1）Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。（2）Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehadlenthim.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略：Isthisthebook（which）youarelookingfor？(lookfor寻找)这是你要找的书吗？第十二页，共81页。 关系(guānxì)代词THAT用法一、指人的用法that用于指人，在定语从句(cónɡjù)中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：Adriverthathasknockedsomeonedownmuststop.撞人的司机必须停车。Heisthemanthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.他就是你要找的那个人。Heisnotthatmanthathewas.他已不是过去的他了。二、指物的用法that用于指物，在定语从句(cónɡjù)中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：ThisistheplanethatwillflytoTokyointheafternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。ShewasannoyedbysomethingthatIhadsaid.她为我说的某句话而不高兴。Shengzhenisnotthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。第十三页，共81页。 thehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughtyboyTheboyisTom.TheboywhoishandsomeisTom.TheboywhoistallisTom.TheboywhoisstrongisTomTheboywhoiscleverisTomTheboywhoisnaughtyisTom.第十四页，共81页。 TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语(zhǔyǔ))TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.第十五页，共81页。 Thewomangotthejob.ThewomancanspeakRussian.ThewomanwhocanspeakRussiangotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Theteacherisfamous.Theteacherwhoisfamouswillgiveusatalk.第十六页，共81页。 Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语(bīnyǔ))Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.第十七页，共81页。 Ex:Heistheteacher.TheteachercanspeakFrench.HeistheteacherwhocanspeakFrench.Doyouknowtheman?Hecametovisityoutoday.Doyouknowthemanwhocametovisityoutoday?第十八页，共81页。 Theladysteppedonhisfoot.Hewasdancingwiththelady.Thelady(whom)hewasdancingwithsteppedonhisfoot.Doyouknowtheman?Youwillvisithimtoday.Doyouknowthemanwhomyouwillvisittoday?第十九页，共81页。 appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.第二十页，共81页。 Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight.第二十一页，共81页。 Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.第二十二页，共81页。 关系词注意:从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致that指人或物which指物who指人第二十三页，共81页。 1、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修饰时(1)Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.Lihassaid?(2)Thereseemstobenothing(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(4)Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.注意1：部分时候that可以省略(shěnglüè)，如部分例句将that用括号括住。　　注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以(kěyǐ)互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。第二十四页，共81页。 2、当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4、当形容词被thevery,theonly，thesame,thelast,any,little等修饰时(1)ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy,(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.当先行词指人时(rénshí)，偶尔也可以用who(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting？第二十五页，共81页。 5、当先行词前面有who,which等疑问(yíwèn)代词时(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago.8.当在therebe句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which第二十六页，共81页。 who,that（先行(xiānxíng)词为人）区别1.用who不用(bùyòng)that的情况：(1)当先行(xiānxíng)词为one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行(xiānxíng)词为人称代词时。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractise2.只能用which的情况:1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(2)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.第二十七页，共81页。 ReadthetextagainandfindtheAttributiveClauses:Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat’smissing.2.ThisisthecagethatPollylivesin.3.Wearelookingforathiefwholikesstealingparrotsandnecklace.6.I’llshootanyonewhomoves!4.Whenwasthelasttime(that)yousawtheparrot?5.Itwasaboutsomethieveswhorobbedatrain…第二十八页，共81页。 7.I’llshootanyonewhomoves,anyonewhomoves!8.Isthattheparrotwhichyouarelookingfor?9.Andisthisthenecklacethatwasstolen?10.PollywasthethiefwhostoleMum’snecklace!第二十九页，共81页。 1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary____youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_______.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.thathavewrittenABBBCA第三十页，共81页。 7.Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything_____hesawonthewaytotheParis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Isthereanything_____toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelong10.Thescientistandhisachievements______youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose11.Whichofthebooks______wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whoseBABBC第三十一页，共81页。 12.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.13.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree____isinfrontofourschoolgate.14.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.15.Thisisthesecondnovel_____Ihaveeverread.16.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.17.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?18.Myhometownisnotthesameone_______itusedtobetwentyyearsago.thatthatthatthatthatthatthat第三十二页，共81页。 whose在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属(suǒshǔ)关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.ThisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblueThisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue第三十三页，共81页。 Doyouknowthegirl?HerhairisveryshortinourclassDoyouknowthegirlwhosehairisthehairofwhomveryshortinourclass?Heisthestudent.IbrokehispencilyesterdayHeisthestudentwhosepencilthepencilofwhomIbrokeyesterday.第三十四页，共81页。 MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.MrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavetoldyou.第三十五页，共81页。 .Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.Thechair,whoselegsarebrokenthelegsofwhicharebroken,ofwhichthelegsarebrokenisbeingrepairednow.Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout….HisnamewasMrLittle.Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKing第三十六页，共81页。 Thisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.Thisteacher,withwhosesonIwork,islikedbyallthestudentsThebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.第三十七页，共81页。 1 Theriver___arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosethebanksDthebanksofwhich2  shelikestousewords___iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmeaningDmeaningofwhich3Themanager___companytheyworkedagreed____theirdecision.Awhich,withBinwhich,toCwhose,withDinwhose,with4Look!Thedictionary,____isred,isabirthdaygiftgivenbymyparents.AwhichcoverBthecoverofwhichCthewhosecoverDthatthecover5Mr.Brown,____,worksasthemanagerofthecompany.AwegothereinhiscarBwegotherebycarCinwhosecarwegothereDbywhosecarwegothereDADBC第三十八页，共81页。 6Willyoupleaseshowmethegirl____nameisLinda?AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich7Itwasameeting,____importanceIdidnotrealizeatthetime.AwhichBofwhichCitsDwhose8Doyouknowwhoislivinginthathouse____windowsfacesouth?AwhoseBwhichCwhichofDits9whataboutthewatchpriceis100yuan？AthatBitsCwhichDwhose10Wetelephonedthemanhomewelivedin1996.AwhoseBinwhoseCofwhichDhis11MarkTwins,for_____lifehadoncebeenveryhard,wrotemanyfamousnovels.AwhoseBwhoCwhomDhis12Thereisamountain____isalwayscoveredwithsnow.AwhosethetopBofwhichtopCitstopDofwhichthetopCDADBCD第三十九页，共81页。 As也可以用来引导(yǐndǎo)定语从句.当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语(bīnyǔ)或表语。1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinksofhimself.2.IshouldliketousethesamepenasIusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.第四十页，共81页。 关系(guānxì)副词关系副词：在句中作状语(zhuàngyǔ)关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhich　　where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)　　when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)第四十一页，共81页。 when指时间(shíjiān)，在定语从句中做时间(shíjiān)状语也可做连接词用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.第四十二页，共81页。 why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词(jiècí)+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.第四十三页，共81页。 介词+关系代词引导的定语(dìngyǔ)从句指代对象先行词关系副词及相应结构时间dayyeardate imewhenduringwhichtime地点theplace hecity地点whereinwhichfromwhich原因thereasonwhy hatforwhich第四十四页，共81页。 when在定语从句中作时间状语(zhuàngyǔ)，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleagueonwhichwhere在定语(dìngyǔ)从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhich第四十五页，共81页。 why在定语从句中作原因状语(zhuàngyǔ)，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.1.Thisisthetown__________Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_________Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_______Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason________hewaslate.Thisisthereason________hetoldme.Thereason_________heexplainedisnottrue.wherewhichwhenwhichwhywhichwhich第四十六页，共81页。 “介词＋关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语(dìngyǔ)从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_____________Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays____________Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear____________mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,____________mostpeoplehadhadsupper.onwhichduringwhichinwhichbywhich第四十七页，共81页。 B.与谓语动词的搭配(dāpèi)习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook____________Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_____________Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_____________welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook____________sheoftentalks?forwhichonwhichfromwhichaboutwhich第四十八页，共81页。 Theboyisinthelab.YouwanttotalktohimTheboy(whom/that)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.第四十九页，共81页。 Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.Thisistheboy(whom/that)Isitbehind.ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.Doyoufindthepen?IwrotewithitjustnowDoyoufindthepen(which/that)Iwrotewithjustnow?DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?第五十页，共81页。 关系代词(dàicí)作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词(jiècí)+whomwhichThewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy2.介词(jiècí)短语+whichwhomThefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.3.不定代词或数词+whichwhomTherearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.4.名词+ofwhichShementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.第五十一页，共81页。 partofwhom/whichThereare23studentsinourclass,A:________________(他们(tāmen)都）lovemothersdeeply.B:________________（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:________________（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:________________（没有一个）arefromBeijingallofwhommostofwhomsomeofwhomnoneofwhomThereare23studentsinourclass.(,and)A:________________(他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:________________（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:________________（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:________________（没有(méiyǒu)一个）arefromBeijingallofthemmostofthemsomeofthemnoneofthem第五十二页，共81页。 Everystudenthasmanybooks,A:______________（大多数）aretextbooks.B:________________（一些）areextracurricularbooks.C:______________（其余(qíyú)的）arereferencebooks.D:________________（没有一本）arenovels.E:_______________（有几本）areEnglishbooks.mostofwhichsomeofwhichtherestofwhichnoneofwhichseveralofwhich第五十三页，共81页。 1.Doyouknowwholivesinthe：building______thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.I’llneverforgettheday____IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman__mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,____sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,______hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.thatCABBC做做试试第五十四页，共81页。 6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_____muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom7.Hebuiltatelescope_____hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason____hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,____writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhichDCDBA第五十五页，共81页。 11.Chinahasmanyrivers,____theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_____Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich13.Thespeed____whichyoudriveyourcarmustn’ttoohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_____whichisbrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_____whichtherearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_______whichhewasnottoosureCDatofinof第五十六页，共81页。 17.Theyheldameeting,____whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.18.Thebook,_____whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.19.Isthistheman____whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel______whichtheycouldgotothefieldswithoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.21.WuDong,_____whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_____whichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.atforinthroughwithof第五十七页，共81页。 1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_________hadnotbeencleanedforatleastoneyear.2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson___________shecouldturnforhelp.3.Chinahasalotofislands,thelargest______________isTaiwan.4.Theoldladyhadonesonandtwodaughters,________________________treatedherwell,______madeherverysad.5.Therearefortystudentsinourclass,_____________20aregirls;therestareboys.whichTowhomofwhichnoneofwhichwhichofwhom第五十八页，共81页。 Exercise1:用关系(guānxì)代词填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that第五十九页，共81页。 5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系(guānxì)代词只能用that.第六十页，共81页。 Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词(dàicí)只能用that.第六十一页，共81页。 4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat当先行(xiānxíng)词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.当主句是who或which引导的特殊(tèshū)疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat第六十二页，共81页。 Jacksawabicycleadvertisementinanewspaper.Thepricewas68dollars.Sohewenttotheshopandaskedtoseethebicycle.Thesalesmanwashappytoshowhim.Jackcheckedthebicyclecarefully.Soon,hesaid,“Thereisn’talamponthisbicycle,buttherewasoneonthebicycleinthead.”“Yes,sir,”answeredtheman,“butthelampisn’tincludedinthepriceofthebicycle.“Notincludedinthepriceofthebicycle?”Jacksaidangrily,“butthelampwasinthead.Itshouldbeintheprice.”“Well,sir,”answertheshopownercoldly,“therewasalsoagirlonthebicycleinthead,butwecan’tgiveyouagirlwiththebicycle,either.”Itisanad________Jackisaperson____________Thebicycleintheadistheone_________________第六十三页，共81页。 Matchthetwosentences1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?第六十四页，共81页。 Thehousethattheybuiltitin1987stayedupintheearthquake.Iwillneverforgetthepoorboywhohavenoarms.Wehavedoneeverythingwhichcanbedone.HeistheonlymanwhoIknowinthecity.Ihavebeentotheparkwhichtherearealotofflowers.TheparkwheretheoldpeopleusuallygotoiscalledZhongshanpark.Jimaskedthatwhowon.Look!ThetreewhereJackisclimbingisquitetall.改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现(chūxiàn)以下的错句）第六十五页，共81页。 限制性定语(dìngyǔ)从句和非限制性定语(dìngyǔ)从句：Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号(dòuhào)分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系(guānxì)不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。第六十六页，共81页。 1.Hismother,whomheloveddearly,wentabroad.2.Thismachine,whichhehaslookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.3.Aqiao,whoseparentshaddied,hadtomakealivingbyherself.4.Thefamily,wholivedupstairs,arefondofmusic.说明：非限制性定语不能用that引导；作宾语用的关系代词(dàicí)不能省；要用逗号隔开。第六十七页，共81页。 用法与区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句“限”是先行词不可缺少的定语.如果省去，主句意思不完整或不明确；“非限”只是附加说明。AllthepeopleweretalkingaboutthewonderfulclothTheemperorhadorderedtobewovenTheysetupastateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.“限”于主句之间不能用逗号隔开；“非限”与主句之间要用逗号隔开。Sheisthenursewholooksafterthechildren.Theletterisfrommysister,whoisworkinginBeijing.“限”可以用that引导；“非限”不能用that引导ThatistheverytoolthatwearelookingforIsawagoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch“限”的关联词作宾语时可省；非限则不可Iwillneverforgettheday（that）wespenttogetherthereHisdog,whichhelikedverymuch,diedyesterday.“限”一般只修饰先行词；非限既可修饰先行词，也可是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分IhavefinishedthenovelthatyoulentmeyesterdayHesuddenlyfellill,whichpreventedhimfromgoingtoschool.第六十八页，共81页。 *As和which引导(yǐndǎo)非限制性定语从句的区别：Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个(zhěnggè)主句的内容。相当于“andthis”or“andthat”.译为“这一点”。而as则只能代指整个(zhěnggè)主句的内容。译为“正如…..那样”，且已形成固定结构。　如：asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected.Etc.eg.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryintheworld.Hedidn’tcometoattendthemeeting,asisexpected.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.Mysonnowgoestotheschool,whichIusedgotowhenIwasachild.第六十九页，共81页。 1.______wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_____weuseintheexperiment______Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_____hedrankimmediately.A.thatB.asC.whichD.who4.Sheisverygoodatdance,____everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as5.Itwasraining,_____wasapity.A.whatB.thatC.thewhichD.which6.______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As7.Wedothesamework_____theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like8.Theearthisround,_____weallknow.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.asDACDDDBD第七十页，共81页。 定语从句和其它句型(jùxínɡ)的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：从句是主动形式，用现在分词;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果(rúguǒ)定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果(rúguǒ)定语和被修饰词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammeswhicharebroadcastonTVortheradioinChina.TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammes________onTVortheradioinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.------Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople________outsidetheCAACoffices.broadcastwaiting第七十一页，共81页。 2.定语从句和并列句是否有连词是区分(qūfēn)定语从句和并列句的一个关键1.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease.-----Isawsometrees,theleavesof________wereblackwithdisease.2.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof__________thereisapairofglasses3.TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)finallyopeneditsdoortoChinaonNovember10,_____a15-yearwait.A.toendB.endedC.endingD.endswhichwhomC第七十二页，共81页。 Awhom B．them  C．they  D．who1）Mr Smith has three sons，none of＿＿isacomputerexpert．2Hehasthree sisters，＿＿＿＿＿are doctors．3）She has three CDs，but none of＿＿＿＿isinteresting．4）I have many friends，and all of＿＿＿＿＿areniceandfriendly．5）Miss Yang has some relatives here；＿＿＿like her very much6)Hehastwosons,neitheroflookslikehim.7)Hehastwosons,andneitheroflookslikehim.8)Hehastwosons.Bothof____looklikehim.ADBBCABB第七十三页，共81页。 3.定语从句和状语(zhuàngyǔ)从句（1）句从引导词来看，状语(zhuàngyǔ)从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。(1)Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer___________hecaneasilyfindit.Pleaseputtheletter_________hecaneasilyfindit.thataswherewhere第七十四页，共81页。 1Youmaystay_________youlike.2Weputthecorn___thebirdscouldfinditeasily.3I’dlikeyoutotakemypicture___standstheancienttower4Bamboogrowswell___itiswarmerandwetalltheyearround.AintheplaceBintheplacewhereCtheplacewhereDinwhich5I’veneverbeento___mygrandfatherwasborn.AwhichBinwhichCwhereDthatwherewherewhereBC第七十五页，共81页。 4.定语(dìngyǔ)从句和名词性从句(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(=what)(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(=what)(3)_______isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_______TaiwanbelongstoChina.(4)______isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.AsthatWhat第七十六页，共81页。 定语从句和强调句强调句句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分去掉Itis/was….that/who…,句子照样成立(chénglì)。(1)Ilivedinthisroomlastyear.(2)Hewenttoschoolatseventhismorning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。(1)Itisinthisroom______Ilivedlastyear.Itistheroom_______Ilivedlastyear.(2)Itwasatseveno’clock________hewenttoschoolthismorning.Itwasseveno’clock_______hewenttoschoolthismorning.thatwherethatwhen第七十七页，共81页。 看谁区别(qūbié)的准！！1A.Isthisthefactory_____youvisitedlastyear?B.Isthisfactory____youvisitedlastyear?a.thatb.wherec.inwhichd.theone2.A.MrSmithisoneofthoseforeignerswho____workinginChina.B.MrSmithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho____workinginChina.a.isb.hasc.haved.are3.A.Don’tdiscussquestionssuch_____those.B.Let’sdiscussonlythequestions______weareinterestedin.a.whichb.thatc.asd.aboutwhich4.A.All____Ineedisagoodrest.B.____Ineedisagoodrest.a.WhatBAllwhatc.Thatd.WhichADDACBCA第七十八页，共81页。 5.A.Pisaisacity,___hasaleaningtower.B.Pisaisacity,____thereisaleaningtower.a.whichb.thatc.whered.there6.A.Thisistheplace____wevisitedlastyear.B.Thistheplace____weworkedlastyear.a.whichb.wherec.inthatd.there7.A.Thenews___hetolduswasveryexciting.B.Hehasbroughtusthenews____ourteamhaswonthegame.a.whatb.asc.thatd.where8.Itisinabox____Ihavehiddenmymoney.We’llgo___weareneeded.a.thatb.inwhichc.whered.initacabccac第七十九页，共81页。 猜猜看,下面的句子明白(míngbai)了吗?1.不懂装懂，一事无成.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverything,isindeedagood-for–nothing.2.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.3.万事开头难It’sthefirststepthatcosts.4.千里之行，始于足下。Hewhowouldclimbthatladdermustbeginatthebottom.5.自满的人腹中空.Hewhoisfullofhimselfisveryempty.6.闪光的未必都是金子Notallthatglittersisgold.第八十页，共81页。 THEEND第八十一页，共81页。