【教案】[高考英语]高考英语语法复习教案-情态动词与虚拟语气 7页

高考语法专题：情态动词与虚拟语气考纲新研读情态动词1.can,could(1)表示能力或客观可能性、请求或允许：Mancannotlivewithoutairorwater.(2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信：Howcanyoubesocareless!Hecouldn’tbeoversixty.(3)表示对过去否定或疑问的猜测：Jackcannot(couldn)havebeentoChina,hashe?’tCan(Could)hehaveheardthenews?(4)表示虚拟语气，用于肯定句，couldhavedone,过去能够干“某事而没干”。Icouldhavelenthimmoney,buthedidn’taskme.Givenmoretime,Icouldhavedoneitevenbetter.(5)表示“有时会”：Trainingalonecanbedangerous.2.may,might(1)表示推测“可能”：Thatmayormaynotbetrue.(2)对过去可能性的推测，may(might可能性更小)havedone：Shemaynothaveseenthefilm.Shemighthavehadanaccident.(3)表示虚拟语气“有可能干而没干”：Shemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butshedidn’t.(4)表示祝愿：Mayyousucceedinpassingtheexam！3.must，haveto(1)“必须”，“必要”：Soldiersmustobeyorders.Youmustn’ttalklikethat.(2)肯定的猜测(不能用于否定或疑问)：“一定”：Hemustbeseventynow.Hemustbedoinghishomeworkupstairs.Ithinkyoumusthavemadeamistake,didn’tyou?精品学习资料可选择pdf第1页，共7页----------------------- Hemusthavebeendoinghishomeworkthen.(3)(表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦)偏要JustasIwashurryingtoclass,Marymustcome,tellingalongstory.4.need(1)“需要”，主要用于否定、疑问句。Youneedn’tdoitatonce.(2)needn’thavedone,过去不需要干而干了”：“Youhadenoughtimeleft.Youneedn’thavehurried.(3)特殊句型，“需要干某事”：Thetreeneeds(wants,requires)watering(tobewatered).5.dare，dared(1)主要用于疑问、否定和条件句中：Howdaredtheydosuchathing?(2)可作实意动词：dare(to)do:Hedidn’tdare(to)gothere.6.shall,should(1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，征求对方意见：ShallIturnontheradio?(2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。Youshallfailifyoudon’ttakehisadvice.Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.(3)should/oughtto,应该”：“Youshouldworkhardatyourlessons.(4)should(oughtto)havedone,过去本来应该干某事而没干”；“shouldnothavedone过去本来不应该干某事而干了“”,表示委婉的批评：Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Youshouldn’thavetoldheraboutit.Yououghttohavetoldmeaboutthatyesterday.7.will,would(1)用于疑问句，表示请求、邀请：Will/Wouldyoupassmethebook?(2)“愿意”：Ifyouwillwaitalittlewhile,I’llcallthemanager.(3)“总是”：Hewilloftensitupallnight.HewoulddropinonmeonSundays.(4)用于否定句，表拒绝，尤指物：精品学习资料可选择pdf第2页，共7页----------------------- Wepushedthebus,butitwouldn’tmoveabit.8.usedto过去曾经⋯⋯”，暗示现在不再如此：“Youusedtosmoke,usedn’tyou(didn’tyou)?虚拟语气近几年，虚拟语气考查的重点是与情态动词连用的虚拟语气。如：shouldhavedone,couldhavedone,mighthavedone等。虚拟条件句等也时有涉及。1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用：(1)与现在事实相反：条件句谓语用：If...did/were...；主句谓语用：would(should,could,might)do...。例如：IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuythecar.(ButIhaven’tenoughmoney.)Ifitwerenotsolate,wecouldhavecoffee.(2)与过去事实相反：条件句谓语用：If...haddone...;主句谓语用：would(should)havedone...。例如：Iftheyhadinvitedme,Iwouldhavegonetotheparty.(Buttheydidn’tinviteme.)Theydidn’tinviteme,otherwise,Iwouldhavegonetotheparty.(3)与将来事实相反：条件句谓语用：If...did(were)/weretodo/shoulddo...;主句谓语用：would(should)do...。例如：I’msuretosucceedthistime.IfIfailed(weretofail/shouldfail),Iwouldtryagain.(4)过去现在混合：条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。例如：Ifyouhadtakenthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldninhospital’tbenow(youwouldbewellnow).(5)如果if省略，从句要倒装(主要是were/should/had)例如：Hadtheytime,theywouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemetthescientist.(6)用介词短语代替条件句：Wewouldnothavesucceededwithoutyourhelp(butforyourhelp).Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气：(1)wish希望；但愿”。“wish后的宾语从句，如果跟虚拟语气，有三种时态。即:精品学习资料可选择pdf第3页，共7页----------------------- 与现在事实相反,谓语用一般过去时态。例如：IwishIhadyourbrain.与过去事实相反，谓语用过过去完成时态。例如：HowIwishedIhadstudiedthen!与将来事实相反，或不大可能实现的愿望，谓语用would/coulddo。例如：HowIwishthatIwouldgotothemoonsomeday.(2)command,demand,insist,order,request,require,suggest等后面的宾语从句，谓语用(should)do。总体掌握：“要求干，应该干，但还没干”，就是说动作还没有发生。因此insist坚持事“实”、suggest暗示”都不用虚拟语气。“MotherinsistsIgetridofthebadhabit.HeinsistedthathewasaPartymemberandbesenttothefront.注意：与此项有关的表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句等的谓语同样用(should)do。例如：Mysuggestionisthathedotheexercisesfirst.这样的名词有：advice,idea,demand,order,plan,request,suggestion等。3.主语从句中的虚拟语气：谓语同样用(should)do。例如：Itisnecessary(important)thatastudent(should)havegoodmanners.Itwasapitythatyou(should)besocareless.Itwillbesuggestedthathe(should)finishhishomeworktoday.4.部分情态动词：YoucouldhavelivedwithTom.Youshouldhavecomefiveminutesearlier.WhereisMary?Shemighthavehadanaccident.Itwassoneartotherailwaystation.Wecouldhavewalkedtoit.Ataxiwasn’tnecessary.5.其他句型：(1)Itis(high)timethatwewenthome(shouldgohome).(谓语用一般过去时态或shoulddo)(2)Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(谓语用一般过去时态)(3)Hetalksasifhekneweverything.高考新剖析1.Butfortheirhelp,we__________theprogramintime.［高考安徽卷］A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinish精品学习资料可选择pdf第4页，共7页----------------------- C.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinished2.It__________havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.［高考上海卷］A.mayB.canC.mustD.should3.—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—She__________intheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.［高考重庆卷］A.shallbeB.shouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.mighthavebeen4.Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy；they__________justbequietpeople.［高考安徽卷］A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.wouldDCBC5.Oneofthefewthingsyou__________sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.［高考北京卷］A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can6.Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,you__________switchoffyourmobilephonebeforeboarding.［高考上海卷］A.mayB.canC.wouldD.should7.—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—It__________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must8.Theteacher__________havethoughtJohnsonwasworthitorshewouldn’thavewastedtimeonhim,Isuppose.A.shouldB.canC.wouldD.must9.—Shelooksveryhappy.She__________havepassedtheexam.—Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.mightDDCDC10.Whatapity.Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he__________better.［高考江西卷］A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone精品学习资料可选择pdf第5页，共7页----------------------- 精题新探究1.Helen__________goonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can2.Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They__________atleast150kmanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone3.—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.—Well.He__________havegonefar—hiscoat’sstillhere.A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.wouldn’tDCBC4.Mr.Smithisalwaysontimeforeverything.How__________itbethathewaslatefortheflight?A.canB.needC.mayD.must5.—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.You__________it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needn’tdoB.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone6.Itisherthatyou__________suchamatter.A.shouldconsultonB.mightconsultonC.shouldconsultD.mustconsultfor7.—ThewomanbiologiststayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.—Oh,dear!She__________alotofdifficulties！A.maygothroughB.mightgothroughC.oughttohavegonethroughD.musthavegonethroughABAD8.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe__________nothingwrongand__________free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;shouldset9.Ifit_________tomorrow,whatwouldwedo?A.rainsB.wouldrain精品学习资料可选择pdf第6页，共7页----------------------- C.weretorainD.rain10.—IfeelIamsotiredtonight.—Well,itistimethatyou__________.A.gotobedB.wouldgotobedC.wenttobedD.aregoingtobed11.—DidyourmothergotoLondon?—No,herdoctorsuggestedthatshe__________.A.isnotgoingB.notgoC.hadn’tgoneD.wouldn’tgoBCCB12.IwouldratherMary__________homenextSunday.A.goesB.wentC.willgoD.isgoing13.Itisnecessarythatthelazyboy__________theclassmeeting.A.willattendB.attendsC.attendD.attended14.IfIhadseenthemovie,I__________youallaboutitnow.A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold15.TheSunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasiftheSun__________roundtheEarth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becirclingBCAA精品学习资料可选择pdf第7页，共7页-----------------------