英语语法定语从句 40页

TheAttributiveClause定语从句（形容词性从句） 修饰,限定Thekindsofattribute(定语):1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.5.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada. Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.（单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。） TheAttributiveclause1定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句SheisthegirlwhocanspeakEnglishverywell.关系词先行词 1Thewomanisateacher.{2Thewomanlivesnextdoor.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.{Thenurseiskind.Thenurselooksaftermysister.Thenursewho/thatlooksaftermysisteriskind. Kevinisreadingabook.Thebookistoodifficultforhim.Kevinisreadingabookwhich/thatistoodifficultforhim.Ihaveafriend.Helikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.Ihaveafriendwho/thatlikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic. Manypeoplewereafraidtoswiminthesea.TheysawthefilmJaws.Manypeoplewho/thatsawthefilmwereafraidtoswiminthesea.Itisaboutabigwhiteshark.Itattacksswimmers.Itisaboutabigwhitesharkwhich/thatattacksswimmers. Theboyswho/thatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(主语)Theman(whom/that)youmetjustnowismyteacher.(宾语)Planeisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.(主语)Thisisthepen(which/that)heboughtyesterday.(宾语) .定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：被定语从句修饰的词关系词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词关系词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置 whowhom关系thatwhich代词whose关系词when关系副词wherewhy Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman____husbanddiedinthataccident.BA.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.that关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用whose,可理解为“…的” WhichbabyisJack?Jack穿红裤子的baby是Jack。ThebabyisJack.whosetrousersareredThebabyisJack.whoiswearingredtrousers Whichhouseismine?Myhouse房顶是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrownThehousetheroofofwhichisbrownismine. Iknowthedoctor.Hisdaughterstudiesabroad.Iknowthedoctorwhosedaughterstudiesabroad.Haveyouseenmybook?Thebook’scoverisred.Haveyouseenmybookwhosecoverisred. 1.Thestudent______whosefatherworksinthefactoryissittingthere.2.Iliketherooms______whosewindowsfacesouth.3.Thisisthedesk______whoselegswerebroken. 一般多用that的情况：(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine. (3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim. ⑸who或which的问句中。Whoisthegirlthatthatdrovethecar?Whichisthebookthatthatyouboughtlastweek?(6)主句以Therebe引导时Thereare200peoplethatthatdidn’tknowthething.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時Sheisn’tthegirlthatthatshewas10yearsago. 介词+关系代词先行词为人,关系代词用whom;先行词为物,关系代词用which.关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用that或who,而且可省去。关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why=介词+which1.Thisisthereason____________helefthishometown.(=why)forwhich(=when)2.I’llneverforgettheday___________westayedonwhichtogether.3.Thisisthegirl_____________Ilearnedthenews.fromwhom4.Theperson___________towhomIspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout..(=where)5.I’llshowyouastore________inwhich__youmaybuyallthatyouneed.6.Idon’tliketheway_________inwhichyoulaughedather.(=that;) 巩固练习1.Doyoulikethebikeyourfriendgaveittoyou?2.Thisistheveryplacewherewevisitedmanyyearsago.that3.Therearetenstudentsareplayingbasketballontheplayground.whoin4.EnglishisasubjectIaminterested.5.CanyoushowmethebookwhichhavebeentranslatedhasintoEnglishbySmith?6.ThereisnotasinglepersoninthestreetwhomIcanturnforhelp.to 刚才与我们校长谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师1>ThemantowhomourheadmastertalkedjustnowisourEnglishteacher.2>ThemanwhomourheadmastertalkedtojustnowisourEnglishteacher.3>ThemanwhoourheadmastertalkedtojustnowisourEnglishteacher.4>ThemanthatourheadmastertalkedtojustnowisourEnglishteacher.5>ThemanourheadmastertalkedjustnowisourEnglishteacher. 关系副词引导的定语从句IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIwasinCannda.in/onwhichThecompanywhereheisworkingisoneofthebiggestinthecityin/atwhichThereasonwhyhewaslatetodayistrafficjam.forwhich 关系代词和关系副词如何区别？1.Thereason_______hemissedthemeetingwhyisthatheforgotthetime.2.Thereason____________hegaveussoundedreasonable.thatwhich3.I’llneverforgettheday____________wespenttogetherinParis.thatwhich4.I’llremembertheday________westayedtogetheratthattime.when5.Thisisthefactory____________wevisitedlastyear.thatwhich6.Thisisthefactory_________hisfatheronceworked.where注意：引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。 1>NeverwillIforgetthedays________wewhichspenttogetherinourmiddleschool.2>Thisisthefactory________myfatherwhichvisitedyesterday.3>Isthisfactory_______myfathervisitedtheoneyesterday?4>Wasthisthereason_________hewhichexplainedtousforhisbeinglate? 限制性定语从句&非限制性定语从句Thosewhowanttogotothecinemapleaseputupyourhands.Dr.Brown,wholivesnextdoor,comesfromAmerica. 区别限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，不可删除补充说明，可删除逗号的使用不用逗号其前有逗号that的使用可用that不可用thatwhich，who可省略，that也可省不可省略做从句宾语时略whom的使用可用who及that替代不可替代是否读时停顿不停顿读时停顿，降调是否修饰句子不可以可以，只用which翻译时的区别常译为定语常译为并列句 1.Inourschoolthereare8foreignteacherswhocomefromAustralia.我们学校有8名来自澳大利亚的外籍教师。也许还有别的国家的外籍教师。2.Inourschoolthereare8foreignteachers,whoarefromAustralia.我们学校有8名外籍教师，他们全来自澳大利亚。 定语从句中的主谓一致Themp4that____beengiventomeishome-made.(have)He,who____yourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.(be)关系代词做从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。 Heisoneofthestudentswho______madegreatprogress.MrWangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswho____beeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.(have)【注意】oneof+复数名词作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数形式。但若one前有the（only）the（just）the（very）修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式 想一想理一理学好定语从句最关键的是什么？定语从句修饰主句中某个名词或代词，起着相当于形容词（定语）的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。句子那个被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。要学好定语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：1.弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用不同。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，在从句中担任主语，宾语，表语和宾语。关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，在从句中担任状语。2.掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（假如放到从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。 Exercises:1.All_____weneedistobesuppliedwithfoodandclothing.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom2.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.what 3.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_____youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.inwhereC./D.when4.Idon’tliketheway____youspeaktoher.A.thatB.inthatC.whoD.whose 5.Themostimportantthing____weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that 6.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons____noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that 7.Whoistheperson________istalkingabouttheaccident______happenedonHighway104?A.which;whichB.who;whatC.that;thatD.what;what 8.Thefamousbasketballstar,_____triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who 9.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,______shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which 10.Women____drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose____don’t.A.who;不填B.who;不填C.who;whoD.不填；不填 11.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it 12.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewaskepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad．A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.which