北京地区高三英语语法 不定式 新课标 46页

THEINFINITIVE(SeniorGrammar) 1.不定式的形式不定式通常由不定式符号“to+动词原形”构成，比如动词write的不定式就是towrite。不定式也有时态和语态。例如: 时态语态一般式进行式完成式主动todotobedoingtohavedone被动tobedonetohavebeendone eg.Ihavealotofworktodo.eg.Shehasnoneedtobeworrying.eg.HeissaidtohaveleftShanghai.eg.ThepresidentwasreportedtohavebeenflyingacrosstheAtlantic.2.不定式的时态: 3.不定式的语态：Themattertobediscussedatthemeetingisahardnuttocrack.Theywereallwaitingforthegatetobeopened.Heissuretohavebeentaughtbyagoodmusician.I’msorryforthearticlenottohavebeenfinishedintime. 不定式常常带有自己的宾语，宾语+宾语补足语或状语，带有这些成分的不定式统称为“不定式结构”。3.不定式结构eg.HebegantostudyRussian.eg.Hewantedtosendmeagift.eg.Hebegantofeelsad. Itcontinuedtorainheavily.Hedecidedtoliveinthecountryside.4.不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号之前加not,never等否定词。 Wedecidednottobuythehouse.Shewishednevertoseethemagain.Shewastoldnottobeworryinganymore.Iunderstandhimnottohavelefthere. 5.不定式结构的句法功能不定式结构在句中可以作主语，宾语，补语，表语，定语和状语。⑴Asthesubject:eg.Togivegoodserviceisourduty. eg.Tocleantheroomonceaweekisnecessary.eg.Todevelopagricultureisveryimportant.eg.Tomeetyouisagreatpleasure. 不定式作主语通常的用法是在主语的位置上放个“it”,而把作主语的不定式结构后置。因此，以上四个句子可以分别改为：Itisourdutytogivegoodservice. Itisnecessarytocleantheroomonceaweek.Itisveryimportanttodevelopagriculture.Itisagreatpleasuretomeetyou. ⑵Asthepredictive:不定式作表语有两种情况:①主语和表语都是不定式eg.Toprotectforestsistokeepnaturalbalance.eg.Topromisetoomuchistopromisenothing. ②主语通常是由hope,idea,job,plan,mistake,suggestion,wish,work等词充当.eg.Thepoorgirl’swishwastobuyapairofwarmshoes.eg.Hissuggestionwastomakeafire.eg.Whathewouldsaywastocallameeting. ⑶Astheobject:能带不定式结构作宾语的动词,常见的有agree,ask,beg,begin,decide,expect,forget,hate,hope,learn,like,mean,offer,plan,prefer,refuse,promise,remember,try,want,wish等.eg.TheydecidedtomovetoShanghaiimmediately. eg.Shepreferedtoliveinthecountryside.eg.Ihaveforgottentobringmyumbrella.eg.Thechildrenbeggedtocomewithus.eg.Itmeansthateveryathletesshouldtrytorunfaster. 如果作宾语的不定式结构之后带有宾补,就得用“it”作形式宾语并把不定式结构放到宾补的后面。eg.QuitealotofstudentsfinditdifficulttomasterEnglish.eg.Doyouthinkitpossibleforhimtocompletehisstudiesintwoyears’time? 作宾语用的不定式结构之前还可以带有疑问词。eg.Haveyoudecidedwhentogo?eg.Thelittlegirlforgotwhattosay.eg.Idon’tknowwhichtochoose.这种结构还可以在句中作直接宾语。 eg.Heaskedmehowtopronouncetheword.eg.Hedidn’ttellmewhattodonext.eg.Weshowedthemhowtorepairthecar.eg.Hepromisedmetogetadoctorformydaughter. ⑷Astheobjectcomplement:在主+谓+宾+宾补句型中，不定式结构可作宾语补语。eg.Shetoldmetogetupearly.eg.I’dlovethemtocometonight.eg.Wethinkhimtobeanoutstandingscientist.eg.Iadvisedhimtoseeadoctorimmediately. 在feel,hear,see,listento,notice,watch,let,make,have等动词之后，不定式通常不带to。eg.Isawaboyclimboverthefence.eg.Weallfeltthehouseshake.eg.Iwon’tletyougoalone.eg.WewillhaveTomhelpgroupA. 但若这些动词用于被动语态，其后的不定式就需要带“to”.eg.Aboywasseentoclimbtohismother.eg.Theclockwasheardtostriketwelve. eg.Heworkedhardtocatchupwithhisclassmates.⑸Astheadverbial不定式作状语可以表示目的，结果，原因等意义。a.表示目的eg.Hewenthometoseehisbrother. eg.TostudythepoliticalsituationinRussia,MarxbegantolearnRussianattheageoffifty.为了加强语势，不定式结构还可以用inorderto/soasto来引导。eg.Theoldmanputonhisglassesinorderto/soastoseetheobjectmoreclearly. eg.Inordertogetthemoneyforhighereducation,hedidalotofoddjobs.b.表示结果不定式结构表示结果常用于下列形式：eg.Heissocarelessastogeteverythingoutoforder. eg.Heissuchafoolastothinkthateverybodyelseisafraidofhim.eg.It’stoolateforustogohome.eg.Shewastootiredtoworkon.此外，还可以在句尾用(only)to…表示一种出乎预料的（通常是不愉快的）结果。 eg.Ihurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.eg.Hegottotheairport(only)tobetoldthattheflightwascancelled.c.表示原因eg.Hewassadtohearthenews.eg.Sheseemedsurprisedtomeetus. eg.I’msorrytohavemadethemistake.eg.I’mgladforyoutohavefinishedtheworksosoon. ExercisesRewritethesentences,usingtheinfinitive:Model:Youareverykindtome.Youhavedonemeagreatfavour.It’sverykindofyoutohavedonemeagreatfavour. 1.IwassorrywhenIheardthat.2.Hewantedtobecomeaphysicist.Thatwashiswish.3.Theyhurriedtothestation.TheywantedtocatchthefirsttrainforNanjing.4.Theboywasveryyoung.Hecouldn’tunderstandallthis. 5.Thetemperatureisnothighenough.Itcan’tmeltthemetal.6.Wouldyouopenthewindow?Iwanttoletinsomefreshair.7.Hewasnervous.Hedarednotspeaktosuchalargeaudience.8.ThefirstguestwhoarrivedwasUncleTom. 9.IsthereanythingurgentthatIshoulddothisafternoon?10.Allofusweredelightedwhenweheardofthegoodnews.11.Achildmusthaveaten-hoursleepaday.Itisveryimportant.12.Weweretoldthatwemusthandinourcompositionsbytheweekend. 13.Wecan’tfinishtheworkinaweek’stime.Itisimpossible.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:1河太宽了，我们游不过去。2你必须记住给我母亲打电话。3是我们准备考试的时候了。4今天你有要洗的衣服吗？ 5那个贼跑得太快，没有被捉住。6你有必要亲自处理这件事吗？7天气太冷，孩子们不能去游泳。8他没有料到能在比赛中得了第一名。9我不想让你整天为孩子们的教育发愁。10他赶到电影院，不料票卖光了。 11他讨厌人们拿他取笑。12我希望得到另一次机会。13他们不让参观者拍摄展品的照片。14没有必要由你一个人解决这个问题。15玛丽不喜欢人们奉承她。 TheAnswerstotheExercises 1.Iwassorrytohearthat.2.Hiswishwastobecomeaphysicist.3.TheyhurriedtothestationtocatchthefirsttrainforNanjing.4.Theboywastooyoungtounderstandallthis.5.Thetemperatureisnothighenoughforthemetaltobemelted 6.Wouldyouopenthewindowtoletinsomefreshair?7.Hewastoonervoustospeaktosuchalargeaudience.8.ThefirstguesttoarrivewasUncleTom.9.Isthereanythingurgentformetodothisafternoon? 10.Allofusweredelightedtohearofthenews.11.It’sveryimportantforachildtohaveaten-hoursleepaday.12.Weweretoldtohandinourcompositionsbytheweekend.13.Itisimpossibleforustofinishtheworkinaweek’stime. 1.Theriveristoowideforustoswimacross.2.Youmustremembertophonemymother.3.Itistimetopreparefortheexam.4.Haveyouanyclothestobewashedtoday?5.Thethiefranawaytoofasttobecaught. 6.Isitnecessaryforyoutodealwiththeproblemyourself?7.Theweatheristoocoldforthechildrentogoswimming.8.Hedidn’texpecttohavecomeoutfirstinthecontest.9.Idon’twantyoutobeconstantlyworryingaboutyourchildren’seducation. 10.Ihurriedtothecinemaonlytofindthatthetickethadbeensoldout.11.Hehatespeopletomakefunofhim.12.Ihopetobegivenanotherchance.13.Theydon’tallowvisitorstotakepicturesoftheexhibits. 14.Thereisnoneedforyoutosettlethematterallbyyourself.15.Marrydoesn’tlikepeopletoflatterher. 9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。。2021/11/192021/11/19Friday,November19,202110、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1911/19/202112:31:16AM11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/19Nov-2119-Nov-2112、故人江海别，几度隔山川。。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/19Friday,November19,202113、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1911/19/202114、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。。19十一月20212021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1915、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。十一月212021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1911/19/202116、行动出成果，工作出财富。。2021/11/192021/11/1919November202117、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/192021/11/199、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！。2021/11/192021/11/19Friday,November19,202110、很多事情努力了未必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1911/19/202112:31:16AM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/19Nov-2119-Nov-2112、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/19Friday,November19,202113、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1911/19/202114、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。19十一月20212021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1915、楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。。。十一月212021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1911/19/202116、少年十五二十时，步行夺得胡马骑。。2021/11/192021/11/1919November202117、空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/192021/11/199、杨柳散和风，青山澹吾虑。。2021/11/192021/11/19Friday,November19,202110、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1911/19/202112:31:16AM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/19Nov-2119-Nov-2112、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/19Friday,November19,202113、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1911/19/202114、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。19十一月20212021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1915、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。。十一月212021/11/192021/11/192021/11/1911/19/202116、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2021/11/192021/11/1919November202117、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。2021/11/192021/11/192021/11/192021/11/19MOMODAPOWERPOINTLoremipsumdolorsitamet,consecteturadipiscingelit.Fusceidurnablandit,eleifendnullaac,fringillapurus.Nullaiaculistemporfelisutcursus.感谢您的下载观看专家告诉