高考英语语法系列复习 定语从句七 新课标 人教 49页

语法知识定语从句 定语从句高考考点例析TheAttributive Complexsentence复合句：由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。复合句=主句+定语从句一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（定语）Thestudents(whodonotstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.主句主语从句主语从句谓语结构主句谓语结构 在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。Attributiveclause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语) Attributiveclause:限制性定语从句restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvited.inmyofficeJenny,withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday,livesinmynextroom.Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which. 考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）___________where 2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.whichthat/______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.whowhomthat/_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._________________________inwhichwhen 3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChinawasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.WhichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.Whichthat考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 考点二：that和which的选择(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme. 考点二：that和which的选择③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools（that）hehadvisited. ⑥先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。考点二：that和which的选择Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?⑦当关系代词在从句中作表语时：Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe. Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。1Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it考点二：that和which的选择（2）只用which的情况BB 考点三：as与which引导的定语从句※对这两个词作如下归纳：1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。如：Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,theearthisround. 3.用于thesame…as…,such…as…，as…as…,so…as…中，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift. 5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句 考点四：关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded. 4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定 关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定 思考？是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?Thepainting(__________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(______________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(____________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace_____________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.onwhich/whenduringwhichThefilm(_____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。 Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.(去掉)theone^__^to____which5.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.____that 5.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.6.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.7.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.8.Itistheoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently.9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.____as_____Whosethat____that________that_____As 练习题1、All______isusefultousisgood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC 2、Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theoneD 3、Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC 4、Thisistheschool_______myfatherworked20yearsago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD 5、Thisistheveryfactory_______wevisitedlastyear.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、theoneA 6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_______learntinthepastthreedays.A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeenB 7、Thecollegewon’ttakeanyone_____eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB 8、Letmethinkofapropersituation_______thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA 9、Theman_______youaretalkingisinthenextroom.A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whomB 10、Thisisthelastfactory___heusedtoworkat,manyworkersof_____stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithhim.A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;thatC 11、Those_____totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whatwantsD、wantB 12、I，______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD 13、Hiswalkingstick,____hecan’twalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD 14、Theyhavedecidedtofinishtheirwork,______,Ithinkisawisechoice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC 15、Idon’tliketheway_____hespoketome.A、bythatB、whatC、bywhichD、/D 16、Thisistheonlything_____Icandonow.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC 17、Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_______werebuiltfiveyearsago.A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allofwhichD、bothofthatC 18、Hetoldmethereason_____hedidn’tcomehere.A、whichB、thatC、whyD、whatC 19、Thisisthereason______hetoldme.A、thatB、whyC、onwhichD、forthatA 20、Whichofthetwocows______youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB 例析：定语从句易错点易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用e.g.1.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinNewYorkwithyou.2.I’llneverforgetthedayswhichIvisitedNewYorkwithyou.易错点二：固定句式出错e.g.1.Maryissolovelygirlaseverybodylovesher.2.Maryissolovelyagirlthateverybodyloves.易错点三：主语和谓语不一致的现象e.g.1.Tomisoneofthestudentswholikesswimming.2.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswholikeswimming. 易错点四：与强调句及其他句型的混合e.g.1.Wasitintheshopthatyouboughttherecorderthatyoulostyourpen?2.You’dbettermakeamarkatwhereyouhaveanyquestions.易错点五：对先行词概念不明确e.g.1.Isthislibrarythatyouvisitedyesterday?2.Isthisthelibrarywhereyouvisitedyesterday?易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误e.g.1.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyouspeaktoher.2.Idon’tcareforpay.IjustwanttogetajobthatIcanbegreatlyvalued. 易错点七：忽略that和which引导限定性定语从句的区别e.g.1.ThisisthemostexcitingfootballgamewhichIhaveeverseen.2.Herearethesamplesthat---hadIthoughtofit---youcouldhavetakenwithyouyesterday.易错点八:介词前置出错e.g.1.ThetwothingswithwhichMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.2.Tellhimallthethingstowhichheshouldpayattention.易错点九：which和whose意义不明确e.g.1.Thebookwhichcoverisbrokenisofgreathelptoallofus.2.1.Thebookofwhosecoverisbrokenisofgreathelptoallofus. 定语从句应特别注意的几个问题：一、关系代词whiche.g.1.TheGreenswillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,____itwillbecompletelyfinished.A.bythetimeB.bywhichtimeC.thatD.which2.Waterboilsat100degree,_____itchangestogas.A.atwhichtimeB.atwhichC.bywhichtemperatureD.bywhich二、关系代词thate.g.Thereisnoone______wishespeace.A.whoB.butC.thatD.whom 三、定语从句与强调句及其他从句的混合e.g.1.Itwasinthesmallhouse___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather____hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;whereC.which;whichD.where;that2.Themeetingwasputoff,____wasexactly____wewanted.A.which;whichB.as;thatC.which;whatD.it;that 结束 9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。。2021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202110、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/20218:25:45PM11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Nov-2118-Nov-2112、故人江海别，几度隔山川。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202113、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202114、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。。18十一月20212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1815、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。十一月212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202116、行动出成果，工作出财富。。2021/11/182021/11/1818November202117、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/189、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！。2021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202110、很多事情努力了未必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/20218:25:45PM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Nov-2118-Nov-2112、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202113、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202114、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。18十一月20212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1815、楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。。。十一月212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202116、少年十五二十时，步行夺得胡马骑。。2021/11/182021/11/1818November202117、空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/189、杨柳散和风，青山澹吾虑。。2021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202110、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/20218:25:45PM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Nov-2118-Nov-2112、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202113、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202114、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。18十一月20212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1815、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。。十一月212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202116、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2021/11/182021/11/1818November202117、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18MOMODAPOWERPOINTLoremipsumdolorsitamet,consecteturadipiscingelit.Fusceidurnablandit,eleifendnullaac,fringillapurus.Nullaiaculistemporfelisutcursus.感谢您的下载观看专家告诉