英语语法研究的论文 3页

英语语法研究的论文语态是一个语法范畴.它是用来表示主语和谓语动词之间关系的一种形式.语态有主动和被动两种形式.如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词就要用主动形式.如果主语是动作的承受者,动词就要用被动形式.张克礼等一些语法学家认为被动语态可以分为三种:真被动,假被动和半被动.本文将简单论述英语语态.关键词:主动语态被动语态转换限制Abstract:Voicebelongstogrammarcategory.Itisaformofverbswhichexpressestherelationbetweentheactionanditssubjectinsentences.Indicatingwhethertheactionisperformedbythesubjectorpassesontoit.InEnglish,therearetwokindsofvoice:theactivevoiceandthepassivevoice.Ifthesubjectperformstheaction,thentheverbformisintheactivevoice.Ifthesubjectreceivestheaction,thentheverbformisinthepassivevoice.ZhangKeliandsomeothergrammariansdividethepassivevoiceintothreekinds:true-passive,pseudo-passiveandquasi-passive.ThispaperwilldiscussonEnglishvoice.Keywords:activevoice,passivevoice,transformation,constraints,formmeaning第3页共3页 ⅠIntroductionEnglishvoicebelongstogrammarcategory.Itisaformofverbsbetweensubjectandverb.Traditionally,thevoiceofEnglishgrammarisdividedintoactivevoiceandpassivevoice.Whenthesubjectistheexecutorofthebehavior,theformofpredicateisactivevoice.Whenthesubjectisthetakerofthebehavior,theformofpredicateispassive.Manygrammariansthinkthattherearerelationsoftransformationbetweenactivevoiceandpassivevoice.Inpractice,thetransformationbetweentheactiveformandthepassiveformiscomplicated.Therearemanydifferencesbetweenactivevoiceandpassivevoice,sothetransformationbetweentheactivevoiceandthepassivevoiceisconstrainedbylexical,semanticandsituation.1.1.Usually,theactivevoicecanbetransformedintopassivevoice.Forexamples:Anumberofworkershavechallengedthisview.Thisviewhasbeenchallengedbyanumberofworkers.Agrenadekilledhisbestfriend.Hisbestfriendwaskilledbyagrenade.1.2.Sometimes,theactivevoicecanbetransformedintopassivevoice.第3页共3页 Forexamples:Ihaveahouseinthecountry.Ahouseishadbymeinthecountry.(F)ShemarriedaFrenchman.AFrenchmanwasmarriedbyher.(F)ⅡPassivevoiceWegiveasimpledefinitiontothepassivevoiceinform,namely,be/get+-ed.ZhangKeliandsomeothergrammariansdividethepassivevoiceintothreekinds.Thosearetrue-passive,pseudo-passiveandquasi-passive.2.1.True-passive2.1.1.Asentencewithexecutoriscalledtrue-passive.Thetrue-passivecanbedividedintoidealityandnon-ideality.Forexamples:Theviolinwasmadebymyfather.Sentence(1)isanidealitypassivevoice.Becauseithasanexecutorandtheexecutorisaperson.Itiscorrespondingtotheactivevoice:“Myfathermadetheviolin.”Coalhasbeenreplace第3页共3页