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- 2022-12-29 13:30:20 发布
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(一) 形容词和副词 I. 要点 A. 形容词 1、 形容词的用法 形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如: He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting. 某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如: The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city. The English like to be with their families. 多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序: 冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如: the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers. 2、 形容词比较等级的形式 (1) 规则形式 一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如: great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest important-more important-(the)most important (2) 不规则形式 good (well)-better-best bad (ill)-worse-worst many (much)-more-most little-less-least (3) 形容词比较等级的用法 ①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than. 如: He is cleverer than the other boys. This one is more beautiful than that one. ②表示两者以上的比较,用"the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …"如: He is the cleverest boy in his class. ③表示两者是同等程度,用"as +形容词原级+as". 如: He is as tall as I. I have as many books as you. ④ 越… 越… 例如:The more I learn, the happier I am. ⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好 又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。 ⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day. 那一天是最令我担心的一天。 I have never had a better dinner. 这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦ My English is no better than yours. 我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。 B.副词 1、 副词的种类 (1) 时间副词 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等 (2) 地点副词 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。 (3) 方式副词 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。 (4) 程度副词 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。 2、 副词比较等级的用法 其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如: Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully. We must work harder. 3、 某些副词在用法上的区别 (1) already, yet, still already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如: We’ve already watched that film. I haven’t finished my homework yet. He still works until late every night. (2) too, as well, also, either too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如:He went there too. He didn’t go there either. I like you as well. I also went there. (3) hard, hardly hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如: I work hard every day. I can hardly remember that. (4) late, lately lately意为"最近、近来",late意为"晚、迟"。如: He never comes late. Have you been to the museum lately? 例1 Tom’s father thinks he is already ____ A high enough B tall enough C enough high C enough tall 解析:该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。 例2 ____ the worse I seem to be. A When I take more medicine B The more medicine I take C Taking more of the medicine
D More medicine taken 解析:该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…,越…。该句意为:吃的药越多,我的病越是加重。 例3"I haven’t been to London yet". "I haven’t been there ____". A too B also C either D neither 解析:该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不",而C-either则用于否定句中,意为"也"。 例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news. A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply 解析:该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时,修饰具体的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词,如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词,不能互相修饰。