江西省吉安县凤凰中学初中英语语法复习 主谓一致（通用） 4页

江西省吉安县凤凰中学初中英语语法复习主谓一致1.语法一致的原则（1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.Thechildrenareplayingoutside.Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.（2）由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：BothheandIareright.MrBlackandMrsBlackhaveasoncalledTom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.Thepoetandwriterhascome.（3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.（5）一些只有复数形式的名词，如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.Thepolicearelookingforlostboy.（6）由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Wherearemyshoes?Ican’tfindthem.Yourtrousersaredirty.You’dbetterchangethem.如果这类名词前用了apairof等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.2.意义一致的原则（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.Tendollarsistoodear.（2）有些集合名词，如family,team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：Myfamilyisbigone.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.（3）不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.Allofthepeoplehavegone.（4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：Whoisyourbrother?WhoareLeaguemembers?（5）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.Three–fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.（6）half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult.Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherestwereoffsick.（7）由what引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Whatshesaidiscorrect.Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks.（8）凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.Thedeadisafamousperson.3.邻近一致的原则（1）由连词or,either……or,neither……nor,notonly…butalso,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：EitheryouorIamright.Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.（2）在“Therebe”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。　　Therearetwoapplesandoneegginit.　　（3）aswellas和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。　　HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit.　　不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。（4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Hereisaletterandsomebooksforyou.【实例解析】1.(天津市中考试题)Howtimeflies!Tenyears________passed.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are 答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Tenyears通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。2.(南通市中考试题)Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother________totheSummerPalace.Theyhaven’tbeenback.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.hasgone答案：D。该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由notonly…butalso连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用hasgone而不用hasbeen。3.(吉林市中考试题)Neithermyfather________goingtoseethepatient.A.norIamB.norIareC.ormeareD.ormeis答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致,因此应选A。4.(包头市中考试题)Look!There_______playingwiththetouristsonYinheSquare.A.areanumberofdeerB.areanumberofdeersC.isanumberofdeerD.isanumberofdeers答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是anumberofdeer,是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）【中考演练】一.选择填空1.Theysaidtheeighteenthandlastlesson_______quiteeasy.A.isB.wasC.areD.were2.---WhenareyougoingtoKummingforyourholidays?---Ihaven’tdecided.______thisSunday______nextSundayisOK.A.Both;andB.Either;orC.Neither;norD.Notonly;butalso3.______Helen______JoanspeaksbeautifulChineseaftertheycametoChina.A.Neither;norB.Notonly;butalsoC.Both;andD.AandB4._______ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each5.Arethereany_______onthefarm?A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep6.Myshirt_____whiteandmytrousers_____blue.A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;are7.------Twomonths_______quitealongtime.------Yes.I’mafraidthathewillmissalotoflessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.were8.Theoldmanhastwochildrenbut_____ofthemliveswithhim.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all9.Ourknowledgeofcomputer_____growingallthetime.A.beB.isC.areD.were10.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.isB.wasC.areD.were11.Mostofthehouses_______thisyear.A.hasbuiltB.havebuilt C.hasbeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilt12.Ithinkmaths_____verydifficulttolearn.A.isB.areC.hasD.have13.Alargenumberofstudents_____toworkinXingjiang.A.havegoneB.hasgoneC.goesD.isgoing14.Thenumberofthestudentsintheclass______small.A.areB.isC.haveD.were15.There_____alotofgoodnewsintoday’snewspaper.A.isB.areC.wasD.were二.用所给动词的适当形式填空1._____(be)everythingOK?2.Nobody_______(know)theanswertothequestion.3.Tendividedbytwo_______(be)five.4.Mostofthedrinkingwater______(be)fromtheBlackRiver.5.NotonlyshebutalsoI_______(do)morningexerciseseveryday.6.Eitheryouorshe_____(have)madeawrongdecision.7.Thefamily_____(be)spendingtheweekendtogether.8.Breadandbutter______(be)herdailybreakfast.9.Thepolice_____(be)tryingtocatchthethief.10.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____（be）fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.三.翻译下列句子1.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。___________________________.2.我的茶杯里没有水了。___________________________.3.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。___________________________.4.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。___________________________.5.我们家正在一起度周末。___________________________.【练习答案】一.1.B2.B3.D4.D5.D6.D7.A8.C9.B10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.A二.1.Is2.knows3.is4.is5.do6.has7.are8.is9.are10.was;were三.1.Neitherofushasseenthefilm.2.Thereisnowaterinmycup.3.EitherheorIisgoingthere.4.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsthismatter.5.Ourfamilyarespendingtheweekendtogether.