2020届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载（九） 11页

2020;2020届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料邪说英语语法连载（九）邪说英语连载七：状语从句（上）诸君，上回说到了从句，其特点即其名字“从”与“句”两个字。吃柿子拣软的，先拿最简单的“状语从句”开刀。从句的从属地位，表现为结构完整的句子只相当于一个词的地位，根据其所相当的词性，分别为形容词从句，副词从句和名词从句。形容词从句可作也只作定语，故等于定语从句；副词从句可作也只作状语，故为状语从句，而名词从句可作不同的成分，因而还只能叫名词从句，依其所作成分不同分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。副词从句作状语，往往修饰的是谓语动词或者整个句子，因此不像定语从句或名词从句一样与某一个部分纠结在一起。它往往与主句相对，与主句界限分明。位于句首时，状语从句还常以逗号与主句分开。I’vebroughtmyumbrellaincaseitrains.I’vebroughtmyumbrellabecauseitisraining.I’vebroughtmyumbrellasothatIdon’tgetwet.I’vebroughtmyumbrellaeventhoughit’snotraining.Youdon’tneedanumbrellaunlessitisraining.副词从句的从属连词标志从句的存在；表示从句与主句之间的逻辑关系；从属连词不是从句的组成成分，后跟一个结构完整的句子。所以对于副词从句，关键是要找到从属连词，判断其表示与主句属于何种关系。从属连词归纳副词从句与从句的关系多种多样，表示这种关系的从属连词也随之多种多样。归纳如下：副词从句种类 常用连接词 特殊连接词 时间状语从句when,while,as,before,After,since,till,until,assoonas 一些时间名词：themoment,theinstant,theday,theminute,nexttime,everytime;一些副词：instantly,immediately,directly;固定搭配的连词：nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when.地点状语从句 Where wherever,anywhere,everywhere原因状语从句 because,as,for,since seeingthat,consideringthat,nowthat,giventhat,inthat,inasmuchas,insomuchas目的状语从句 sothat,onorderthat,that lest,forfearthat,incase;Inthehopethat,onpurposethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat结果状语从句 so…that,sothat,such…that suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,tosuchanextentthat条件状语从句 if,unless suppose,supposing,providing,provided(supposed,provide非从句连词)snconditionthat,solongas,aslongas让步状语从句 although,though,eventhough,evenif while(一般用于句首)，as(用于倒装结构)Wh-ever:whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever,whether…or…as+ adj. +主谓结构用于句首比较状语从句 as,than 其他比较句型：themore…themore;justas…,so…;AistoBwhat/asCistoD;nomore…than;notAsomuchasB/notsomuchAasB方式状语从句 as,theway时间状语从句表示将来时间时，从句用一般现在时 I’llspeaktohimwhenhearrives.(whenhewillarrive*)WhenIfallinlove,it’llbeforever,orI’llneverfallinlove.WhenIgivemyheart,it’llbecomplete,orI’llnevergivemyheart.*表“将来”的情态动词往往是用于基于一定条件的推测，而不用于表示作为前提的时间或条件等。When:某一时刻I’llspeaktohimwhenhearrives.I’lltellhimaboutitwhenhecomesback.WhenIarrived,hewastalkingonthephone.WhenIgotthere,hehadalreadyleft.有时也可接延续动词，如：ThedoorbellrangwhenIwastelephoning.*When有时不作“当……时候”讲，而是相当于“……，这时”，这是需要特别注意的用法。Adetectivearrestedacriminalandwasabouttohandcuffhimwhenahugegustofwindblewthedetective’shatoff.考题Iwaswalkingalongtheroad____suddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.(CET-4)a. immediatelyb. when*c. themomentd. whileWhenever:无论何时Wheneveryousay“Iloveyou”,meanit.Wheneveryousay“I’msorry”,lookthepersonrightintheeyes.Smilewheneveryoupickupthephone,forthecallerwillbeabletonotice it.While:相当于duringthattime,表示一个时间段，故一般只接延续动词。ThephonerangwhileIwastakingmybath.ThedoorbellrangwhilewewerewatchingTV.Adetectivearrestedacriminalandwasabouttohandcuffhimwhenahugegustofwindblewthedetective’shatoff.“ShallIgoandfetchit?”thecriminalasked.“Doyoutakemeforafool?”askedthedetective.“YouwaitherewhileIgoandgetit!”(goandfetch整体上构成时间段)*由“同时”而引申，while表示的另一个重要的关系是“对比”。until：单独使用：主句谓语动词为延续性动词，表示“到……为止”。Waituntilhecomesback.We’llstayheretillitstopsraining.UntilIcameback,hewaswaitingformeatmyhome.Not…until:主句谓语动词为短暂动词，意为“直到……才”。Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.Onewillneverrealizehowmuchandhowlittleheknowsuntilhestartstalking.IcecreamdidnotreachAmericauntilaboutthemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury.Ididn’tgotobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhisbosscameback.Notuntil:主句倒装NotuntilhesawhismotherdidthelittleboysmileItwasnotuntilhesawhismotherthatthelittleboysmiled.(为上句的强调结构)一……就…… assoonas,theminute/themoment/theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly:Itbegantorainassoonas/immediately/themomentIarrivedhome.Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…thanNosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.Hardly/scarcelyhadIarrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwebegunhavingdinnerthanthedoorbellrang.地点状语从句通常由where引导Staywhereyouare.Afteryouarefinishedwiththebook,putitwhereitwas.Adrivershouldslowdownwherethereareschools.Thetreeofthiskindgrowsfavorablywhereitiswet.考题——，worksongsoftenexhibitthesongcultureofapeopleinafundamentalfrom.(TOEFL2000)a. Theyoccurwheretheyareb. Occurringwherec. Wheretheyoccur*d. WheredotheyoccurIhavekeptthatportrait_____Icanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmyuniversitydaysinLondon.(96-01CET-4)a. whichb. where*c. whetherd. when也可由wherever,anywhere,everywhere引导 Whereverhehappenstobe,Clintcanmakehimselfathome.Everywheretheyappeared,therewereovations.Whereverthereiswater,airandearth,thereisvegetation.原因状语从句because表因果关系的语气最强，用来回答why的问句，所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的。YouwanttoknowwhyIamleaving?IamleavingbecauseI’mfedupwiththejobandboss.MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.在主句是否定的情况下，because从句的理解有两种情形。Ididn’tattendthemeetingbecausehewaspresenttoo.可能有以下歧义：因为当时也有他出席，所以我没有去参加这个会议。我出席这次会议并不是因为有他参加。Ididn’tmarryherbecauseIlivedher.因为我爱她，所以我决定不跟她结婚。我并不是因为爱她才和她结婚。Since表示人们已知的事实，不须强调的原因，故常译成“既然……”，通常放在句首。SinceMondayisBob’sbirthday,let’sthrowhimaparty.Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sgetstarted.Sinceyouarefreetonight,whynotdropinandplaychesswithme?考题Youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.(99-06CET-6)a. Forb. Since c. Befored. WhileAsAs与since用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不须用because加以强调。Shedidn’thearuscomeinasshewasasleep.Ileftamessageasyouweren’tthere.AsMondayisanationalholiday,allgovernmentofficeswillbeclose.IhavetospeakEnglishwiththem,astheguysIlivewithdon’tknowanyChinese.For对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明。Thedayswereshort,foritwasnowDecember.Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.比较：becauseitrainedlastnight,thegroundiswetthismorning.Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.Payattentiontoyourenemies,fortheyarethefirsttodiscoveryourmistakes.比较：as,for引导的主从句，重要性相对平等；because从句则显得比主句重要，强调原因；since则从句次于主句，重在说明将要做什么事。目的状语从句从属连词有：sothat,inorderthat或that等，从句中常含有情态动词。Theycarvedthewordsonthestonesothat/inorderthatthefuturegenerationshould/mightrememberwhattheyhaddone.Weclimbedhigh(so)thatwemightgetabetterview. Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinorderthatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.*联想省略后的不定式inordertodo/soastodo（逻辑主语或相同）或inorderforsbtodo（逻辑主语不同时）。Allthekeywordsinthearticleareprintedinboldtypesoastoattractreaders’attention.Weclimbedhighinordertogetabetterview.Theycarvedthewordsonthestoneinorderforthefuturegenerationtorememberwhattheyhaddone.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinorderforthestudentsinthebacktohearmoreclearly.考题____Measurematterwemusthaveunitsofweight,volumeandlength.(CET-4)a. Inorderb. Inorderto*c. Soasd. Soasto*soasto不可用于句首。因为so本意为“如此”，只有先说了些什么，才谈得上“如此”“怎样”。Lest,forfear(that),incase:以免、以防，深怕……Takeanumbrellawithyoulestitshouldrain.Peopleevacuatedthebuildingforfearthatthewallshouldcollapse.Shecleansthewindowwithgreatcarelestshemightbreakthewindow.Wehadameetingandtalkedthematteroverfacetoface,forfearthatthereshouldbeanymisunderstanding.结果状语从句so…that,such…that,so(that),suchthat a“JohnHancock”isaperson’ssignature.JohnHancockwasthefirstpersontosigntheAmerican“DeclarationofIndependence”.Hesigneditsolargeandboldthatnowweusehisnametorefertoanyone’ssignature.Diplomatsandcrabsarecreatureswhomoveinsuchawaythatitisimpossibletotellwhethertheyarecomingorgoing.Suchthat相当于so+形容词Hisangerwassuchthathelostcontrolofhimself.Heangerwassoexplosivethathelostcontrolofhimself.Theweatherissuchthatwecanonlystayinair-conditionedplaces.Theweatherissohotthatwecanonlystayinair-conditionedplaces.考题theperformancewassuch____theaudiencewasdeeplymoved.(CET-4)a. asb. that*c. sod. sothat*省略式为so/such…asto,suchastoHewassuchafoolastobelievehim.Hewassofoolishastobelievehim.Hervoicewassuchastomakeeveryonestare.sobadastomakeeveryonestare.soloudastomakeeveryonestare.考题Hisstoryis_____toarouseoursympathy.a. suchas*b. sosadc. toosad d. sosadasThewindowsare____smallasnottoadmitmuchlightatall.(CET-4)a. veryb. asc. tood. so*Wouldyoube_____domeafavor,please?(CET-4)a. sokindtob. kindastoc. askindtod. sokindasto*so,such的区别有不定冠词时，两者皆可用，用法不同sucha(an)+形容词+单数可数名词so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词sobeautifulaflowersuchabeautifulflowersoniceadaysuchaniceday无冠词时，只用suchsuchbeautifulflowers,suchnicedays*sobeautifulflowerssuchniceweather,suchgreatpatiencesogreatpatience但表数量的形容词前一般用sosomanyflowers,somuchpatience,somuchfun,sofewcars,solittlecare考题 Althoughapplesdonotgrowduringthecoldseasons,appletreesmusthaveasuchseasoninordertoflourish.(TOEFL)Recentlyintheautomobileindustry,multinationalcompanieshavedevelopedtothepointwheresuchfewcarscanbedescribedashavingbeenmadeentirelyinonecountry.(TOEFL)考题thepolicecalledofftheirresearchforthesurvivorsoftheaircrashbecauseof___.a. suchbadweather*b. sobadc. suchabadweatherd. toobadaweathersuch直接与名词相连,so直接与形容词相连。Suchpatience,suchafool,suchaday,suchweatherSostupid,soexcited,sopatient