高一英语语法—直接引语和间接引语人教版知识精讲 14页

高一英语语法—直接引语和间接引语人教版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：语法——直接引语和间接引语【具体教学过程】观察下列句子中直接引语和间接引语的转换，试着归纳总结其变化规律。1.Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.2.Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasateacher.3.Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.4.“Whatalovelygirl(sheis)!”theysaid.→Theysaidthatshewasalovelygirl.5.“Followme,”shesaidtome.→Shetoldmetofollowher.6.“Canyoulendmeahand?”heasked.→Heaskedmetolendhimahand.7.Hesaid,“Let’sstayheretilltomorrow.”→Hesuggestedthatweshouldstaytheretillthenextday.*直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。1.陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有很多相似之处，因此在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。（1）人称的变化Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”他说：“我要去北京。”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.他说他要去北京。Hesaidtome,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”他对我说：“我把你的播放器摔坏了。”→HetoldmethathehadbrokenmyCDplayer.他告诉我说他把我的播放器摔坏了。（2）时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。Sheoftensays,“Mr.Liuisanhonestman.”→SheoftensaysthatMr.Liuisanhonestman.直接引语变间接引语时的时态变化：Hesaid,“I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthework.”→Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthework.Hesaid,“I’musingtheknife.”→Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.Shesaid,“I’venotheardfromhimsinceMay.”→ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”→Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.Shesaid,“I’lldoitafterclass.” →Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.注：直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化Shesaid,“I’llfinishtheworkthismorning.”→Shesaidthatshewouldfinishtheworkthatmorning.(these→those,here→there)Hesaid,“It’snineo’clocknow.”→Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.(today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,tomorrow→thenext/followingday)Shesaid,“Heleft30minutesago.”→Shetoldmethathehadleft30minutesbefore.Shesaid,“I’llcomeherethisevening.”→Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.注：如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go。如果在当天转述，today,yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。2.疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序（主语在谓语前面），主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。（1）一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me,him或us等）。如：Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”→Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish. （2）特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。如：“HowcanIhelpher?”heaskedme.→Heasked(me)howhecouldhelpher.3.祈使句转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词。另外，在直接引语中的称呼，一般用来作动词的宾语，其句型是：tell/ask/ordersomeone(not)todosomething.如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。如：“Don’tsmokeintheroom,”hesaidtome.→Hetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.注：①转述Let’s开头的表示建议、劝告等含义的祈使句时，可以用“suggest+that从句”或“suggestdoing”结构。②转述句型“Can/Couldyou…?Will/Wouldyou…”时，动词多用ask。如：“WouldyouturndownyourTValittle,Mary?”Tomsaidtoher.→TomaskedMarytoturndownherTValittle.4.感叹句转述感叹句时，用that引导宾语从句，语序用陈述句语序。如：“Whatahotday!”hesaid.→Hesaidthatitwasahotday.即学即用：1.Sarahtoldmethatshe_____there_____.A.willgo,todayB.wouldgo,thenextdayC.isgoing,thefollowingdayD.isgoing,tomorrow2.Mye-palinAmericasentane-mailtomeandasked_____inmynewschool.A.howIwasgettingonwithmystudyB.howareyougettingonwithyourstudyC.howamIgettingonwithmystudyD.howwasIgettingonwithmystudy3.Fatherasked______. A.whatwaswrongwithmeB.what’swrongwithmeC.whatwrongwaswithmeD.whatwronghadwithme4.IwonderwhyJenny_____tousrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten5.Hesaidthatmanysoldiersgavetheirlivesinthewar,and_____weshouldalwaysrememberthem.A.thatB.C.whenD.which6.Ourmathteachertoldme______withmyclassmatesinclass.A.nottalkB.don’ttalkC.nottalkingD.nottotalk7.Whenasked_____theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.A.whatB.whichC.whomD.that﹡8.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate_____theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who答案：BAAAADACUnit3预习导学（一）重点单词、短语预习：单词：considervt.考虑，照顾，认为meansn.手段，方法transportationn.运输，运送 boardvt.上（船、车、飞机等）experiencen.&vt.体验，经历，经验simpleadj.简单的vacationn.假期，休假naturen.自然，自然界，本性basicadj.基本的n.基本，要素equipmentn.装备，设备poisonousadj.有毒的，有害的，恶毒的normaladj.正常的，正规的，标准的n.正规，常态excitementn.刺激，兴奋，激动adventurousadj.喜欢冒险的，充满危险的similarityn.类似，类似处particularadj.特别的，特殊的separateadj.单独的，分开的vt.分开，隔离combinevt.&vi.（使）联合，结合短语：toexperiencelife体验生活getawayfrom…逃离……be/getcloseto…接近，靠近watchout(for)当心，注意，提防protectsb./sth.from/against…保护……免于……aswith…正如，正像……gonoaholiday去度假beoff(to)…外出（去）…… seesb.off给某人送行say“Hi/Hello”tosb.forme代我向某人问好aswellas…也，还，而且combine…with…把……和……结合起来ontheotherhand另一方面（二）观察下列句子中现在进行时的使用，试着归纳总结其用法：1.Howareyougettingtotheairport?Isanybodyseeingyouoff?你打算怎么去机场？有人送你吗？2.ThepresidentisleavingforavisittoAmericanextmonth.下个月总统要去访问美国。3.WearehavinganEnglisheveningtonight.今晚我们要开一个英语晚会。4.HowlongareyoustayinginXi’an?你将在西安待多久？总结：现在进行时表将来【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）Ⅰ.句型转换：根据上句完成下句，使上下句意思相同或相近。1.“Iwillrememberthislessonforever,”saidBob.Bobsaidthat__________remember_____lessonforever.2.SheaskedJohn,“Whereareyougoingforyourholidays?”SheaskedJohn_______________goingfor_____holidays.3.Motheraskedherdaughter,“Haveyoufinishedallthehomework?”Motheraskedherdaughter_______________finishedallthehomework.4.Myfatherasked,“Howcanyousolvetheproblem?”Myfatheraskedme_______________solvetheproblem.5.Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.” Theteachersaid________________aroundthesun.6.“Pleasetakeoffyourshoes,”thewaitresssaidtous.Thewaitress_______________takeoff_____shoes.7.“CouldyouturndownyourTValittle?”shesaid.She_____me_____turndown_____TValittle.8.“Don’tbesoproud,Bob,”saidMr.White.Mr.White_____Bob_______________soproud.9.Myfathersaidtome,“Dobecarefulwhenyouwalkacrosstheroad.”Myfathertoldme___________carefulwhen__________acrosstheroad.Ⅱ.单项填空：1.Yourmothertoldmethatyou_____toseeafilmwithyoursistersyesterday.A.aregoingB.goC.willgoD.went2.Themotheraskedherson______allhise-mails.A.ifhehascheckedB.whetherhehadcheckedC.ifhadhecheckedD.thathehadchecked3.Canyoutellme______?A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman4.Theywanttoknow_____dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey5.Thegirlaskedifthey_____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake6.Theofficerorderedthisman_____.A.nottomoveB.don’tmoveC.didn’tmoveD.notmoving7.Theycan’tunderstand______quiteanumberofpeoplearegoingabroad. A.thatB.asC.whyD.when8.Wouldyoupleasetellme_____isgoodattyping?A.thatB.whoC.whomD.what9.—Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem—Yes,itcouldbe.—Iwonder_____wecandoaboutit.A.ifB.howC.whatD.that10.Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen_____andseehim.A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome**Ⅲ.完形填空：WhenPatJonesfinishedcollege,shedecidedtotravelaroundtheworldandseeasmanyforeignplacesasshecould___1__shewasyoung.PatwantedtovisitLatinAmerica___2__,soshegotajob__3___anEnglishteacherinaschoolinBolivia.PatspokealittleSpanish,___4_shewasabletocommunicatewithherstudentsevenwhentheydidn’t__5_muchEnglish.Asentenceshehasreadsomewherestuckinhermind:ifyoudream__6__aforeignlanguage,youhavereallymastered(掌握)it.Patrepeatedthissentencetoherstudentsand__7_thatsomedayshewoulddreaminSpanishandtheywoulddreamin_8_.Oneday,oneofher_9__studentscameupandexplainedinSpanishthathehadnotdonehishomework.Hehad__10_early,andhadslept__11_.“Whatdoesthishavetodowithyour__12__?”Patasked.“Idreamedallnight,MissJones,andmydreamwasinEnglish!”“InEnglish?”Patwasvery___13_,sincehewassuchabadstudent.Shewas_14___secretlyjealous(嫉妒的).Her__15__wasstillnotinSpanish.Butsheencouraged(鼓励)heryoungstudent,“Well,__16__meaboutyourdream.” “Allthepeopleinmydream__17__English,”thestudentsaid.“AndallthesignswereinEnglish.AllthenewspapersandmagazinesandalltheTVprogramswereinEnglish.““That’s___18_,”saidPat.“Whatdidallthepeoplesaytoyou?”“I’msorry,MissJones.That’s__19__Isleptsobadly.Ididn’t__20__awordtheysaid.Itwasanightmare(噩梦)!”1.A.becauseB.whileC.ifD.since2.A.firstB.atfirstC.lastD.atlast3.A.forB.ofC.asD.like4.A.andB.butC.soD.yet5.A.sayB.knowC.readD.write6.A.inB.aboutC.ofD.for7.A.thoughtB.realizedC.hopedD.wanted8.A.EnglishB.SpanishC.RussianD.German9.A.brightB.excellentC.bestD.worst10.A.gotupB.gonetobedC.fallenasleepD.wokenup11.A.wellB.soundlyC.badlyD.heavily12.A.EnglishB.languageC.dreamD.homework13.A.surprisedB.worriedC.pleasedD.excited14.A.yetB.seldomC.alsoD.still15.A.studyB.classC.workD.dream16.A.answerB.writeC.tellD.ask17.A.readB.likedC.spokeD.learned18.A.wonderfulB.terribleC.funnyD.strange19.A.howB.whyC.whenD.because20.A.hearB.understandC.knowD.rememberⅣ.阅读理解： ﹡（一）AmannamedLiwentonafishingholiday.Fishingwashisfavoritesport,andhehadmanyprizesforfishhehadcaught.Thissummertheweatherwasbeautifulandthefishingwassupposedtobegood,sohedecidedtotravelaroundthecountry,spendingafewdaysfishingineachoftherivers.Unfortunately,hedidn’thavemuchluck,andhecaughtonlyafewsmallfish.Hewasquitedisappointedandwasgoingtogobackhomewhenheheardofalargeriverthatwasfulloffishnearby.Hefoundtheriverquiteeasilyandfolloweditthroughthecountrytoaplacewhereitflowedthrough(流经)afarm.Hedecidedtoaskthefarmer’spermission(许可)tofishintheriver.“Youhavemypermission,”thefarmersaid,“butyoushouldbecareful.ForyearsIsoppedmykidsfromgoingnearthatriver.”“Istheriverdangerous?”Liasked.“It’snottheriver,”thefarmersaid,“It’sthefish.They’rehuge.They’resobigthatmykidscouldn’tholdthem.”Liwasveryexcited.Allfishermenwanttocatchreallybigfish.“Howbigarethey?”heasked.“Well,”thefarmertoldhim,“lastweekIlostoneoverthreefeetlong,andyesterdayIlostoneoverfourfeetlong.”“Whatbadluck,”Lisaid.“IhatelosingabigfishonceI’vehooked(钩住)it.”“Who’stalkingaboutlosingafish?”thefarmersaid.“It’stwoofmykidsthatIlost!”1.Whatdidthefishermanwanttoaskthefarmer?A.Howlongtheriverwas.B.Wherethenearestriverwas. C.Forpermissiontofishintheriver.D.Ifthefarmerhadpermissiontofishintheriver2.Foryearsthefarmerhadstoppedhischildrenfrom______.A.fishingintheriverB.talkingtostrangersC.holdingfishD.goingclosetotheriver3.Liwantto______.A.catchabigfishB.holdthefarmer’skidsC.stopthefarmer’skidsfromdisturbingthefishD.measurethefish4.Whathappenedtothefarmer’stwochildren?A.Theygotlostneartheriver.B.Theywerekilledbythefish.C.Theywerefishing.D.Theywerelate.﹡﹡(二)TheUnitedStatesisfullofcars.Therearestillmanyfamilieswithoutcars,butsomefamilieshavetwoormore.However,carsareusedformorethanpleasure.Theyareanecessarypartoflife.Carsareusedforbusiness.Theyaredriventoofficesandfactoriesbyworkerswhohavenootherwaytogettotheirjobs.Whensalesmenaresenttodifferentpartsofthecity,theyhavetodriveinordertocarrytheirproducts.Farmershavetodriveintothecityinordertogetsupplies.Sometimessmallchildrenmustbedriventoschool.Insomecitiesschoolbusesareusedonlywhenchildrenlivemorethanamileawayfromtheschool.Whenthechildrenaretooyoungtowalktoofar,theirmotherstaketurnsdrivingthemtoschool.OnemotherdrivesonMondaystakingherownchildren andtheneighbors’childrenaswell.AnothermotherdrivesonTuesdays,anotheronWednesday,andsoon.Thisiscalledformingacarpool.Menalsoformcarpools,withthreeorfourmentakingturnsdrivingtotheplacewheretheyallwork.Morecarpoolsshouldbeformedinordertoputfewercarsontheroadanduselessgas.Toomanycarsarebeingdriven.Somethingwillhavetobedoneabouttheuseofcars.5.What’sthefunction(作用)ofcarstalkedofinthetext?A.Beingusedforlife.B.Beingusedforpleasureandlife.C.Beingusedforbusinessandpleasure.D.Beingusedfordrivingchildrentoschool.6.Mothersformcarpoolsinorderthat______.A.theycandrivetoschoolB.theycansavetime,spaceandgasC.theyreachschoolquicklyD.theycandrivetheirchildrentoschoolintime7.Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Themorecarpoolsareformed,therewillbemorecarsontheroadandmoregaswillbeused.B.AllAmericanfamilieshavecarsoftheirown.C.Carsshouldmainlybeusedforpleasure.D.Insomecitiesschoolbusesareusedonlywhenchildrenlivemorethanamileawayfromtheschool. 试题答案Ⅰ.1.hewould,that2.wherehewas,his3.if/whethershehad4.howIcould5.theearthmoves6.askedusto,our7.asked,to,my8.told,nottobe9.tobe,IwalkedⅡ.1~5DBCBA6~10ACBCAⅢ.1~5BACCB6~10ACADB11~15CDACD16~20CCABBⅣ.（一）1~4CDAB（二）5~7BBD