高三英语语法专题复习译林出版社知识精讲 13页

高三英语语法专题复习译林出版社【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：语法专题复习二.教学目标：冠词复习三.教学重难点：冠词的复习与运用冠词的用法：冠词：定冠词(the)不定冠词(a,an)一、定冠词的基本用法1.定冠词的特指用法1)定冠词的特指用法通常都是确定的特指，比如：重提上文提到过的人或物时，要用定冠词：Isawagirlandanoldmaninthehouse.Theoldmanmustbethegirl’sgrandfather.Heorderedsomebookslastmonth.Thebookshavenowarrived.2)在名词词组中，如果名词之后带有限制性定语或其前带有最高级形容词，要用定冠词：IsthisthetrainforShanghai?Theflowersinhergardensmellfragrant.Hereisthelettertobeposted.ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread. 3)当讲到说话人和听话人都知道的人或物时，要用定冠词：I’mjustbackfromthemarket.Hasthepostmanbeenhere?4)当名词前带有first,next,last,same,only等表示独特含义的词语时，要用定冠词：WhenisthenextflighttoBeijing?Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.ThisistheonlycopyIhaveevercollected.2.定冠词的类指用法1）用“定冠词+单数名词”可指整个类别,区别于另一个类别:Thetigerandthecatbelongtothesamefamilyofmammals.Thebookisusedfortheteacher,notforthestudent.2)“用定冠词+表示国籍的形容词”可指整个民族或国人。TheEnglishhavehadlongtraderelationswiththeChinese.3)“用定冠词+普通形容词”可指一类人。theblind;thedying;thelearned4）“定冠词+某些复数名词”可指一定的阶级，阶层或外国人。Hesayshekeepsawayfromthelawyersandthedoctors.3.定冠词的其他用法1)在表示某些独一无二的事物时，要用定冠词：thesun,themoon,theearth,thenorthernpole,theequator2)在表示海洋，江河，湖泊，群岛，山脉，沙漠，海峡等的专有名词前，要用定冠词。theWestLake,theAtlantic,theChangjiangriver3)在乐器名称前，要用定冠词TomplayedthepianoandIplayedtheviolin.4)在表示某一家人的专有名词前，要用定冠词。TheBrownshavearrived. 5)用在表示单位的名词前Hegetspaidbytime.*Hegetspaidbytheday/bythehour.二、不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词a,an用于泛指和类指。1.不定冠词的泛指用法Theyliveinahouse.2.不定冠词的类指用法不定冠词与单数名词搭配可类指，即指同类的人或物中的任何一个。Acarmustbeinsured.Achildneedslove.*要注意区别“不定冠词+单数名词”的类指用法与泛指用法，这要依上下文来判定。HeboughtanEnglishdictionary.（）HeneedsanEnglishdictionary.（）Achildcametomyroom.()Achildmustbeeducatedinsomeway.()3.不定冠词的指量用法不定冠词在下列结构中有“一个”的含义，属于指量用法：Iwillbebackinadayortwo.Acarruns80kilometersanhour.三、零冠词的用法1.“零冠词+复数名词或不可数名词”可用于泛指。Pencils,pens,andpiecesofpaperwerespreadalloverthetable.ThismorningIonlyhadmilkforbreakfast.2.零冠词的类指用法： “零冠词+复数名词”，侧重指类别中的许多个体。Tractorshavetakentheplaceofhorses.“零冠词+抽象名词或物质名词”也可类指。Practicemakesperfect.*零冠词也可与表示家庭成员的单数名词搭配作确定特指。Maryasked“WhyisFatheroutofwork?”Teacherwaspleasedwithourwork.3.零冠词的其他用法：*在表示餐食，交通工具，通讯工具的名词之前，通常用零冠词。AfterlunchIusuallytakeanap.Iusuallytravelbytrain,notbyair.Hesentthemessagenotbypost,butbyradio.*在表示四季，年月，周日，时间的名词之前，通常用零冠词。Springhascomearoundagain.InFebruary,itisalreadyverywarminHainan.OnSundayIusuallytakemychildrentothepark.*表示头衔、职位的名词前。Whoiscaptainofyourteam?Johnwaselectedchairmanofthecommittee.*turn作系动词时，后面的名词前不用冠词。Hewasamedicalstudentbeforeheturnedwriter.【典型例题】[例1](全国卷II)19.——Couldyoutellmethewayto____Johnsons,please?——Sorry,wedon’thave____Johnsonhereinthevillage.A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD.the;/答案：B， [例2](北京卷)22.Ilookedunder_____bedandfound______bookIlostlastweek.A.the;aB.the:theC.不填；theD.the；不填答案：B，[例3](天津卷）3.Iwantedtocatch________earlytrain,butcouldn’tget________ridetothestation.A.an,theB./,theC.an,/D.the,a答案：D，[例4](重庆卷)24.Gorgecouldn’trememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson,buthewassureitwas_____Sundaybecauseeverybodywasat_______church.A./;theB.the;/C.a;/D./;a答案：C，[例5](福建卷)22.——HowaboutChristmaseveningparty?——Ishouldsayitwassuccess.A.a;aB.the;aC.a;不填D.the;不填答案：B，[例6](四川卷)22.Howabouttaking______shortbreak?Iwanttomake_______call．A.the；aB.a；theC.the；theD.a；a答案：D，[例7](陕西卷)17.InfilmCastAway.TomHanksplaysmannamedChuckNoland.A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a答案：B，[例8](浙江卷)4.Ilike_____colorofyourskirt.Itis_____goodmatchforyourblouse. A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD.the;the答案：C[例9](湖南卷)23.Polarbearslivemostlyon________seaice,whichtheyuseas_______platformforhuntingseals.A.a;aB.a;theC.不填;aD.the;不填答案：C[例10](江西卷)26.Manypeoplehavecometorealizethattheyshouldgoonbalanceddietandmakeroomintheirdayforexercise.A.a;/B.the;aC.the;theD./;a答案：A[例11](江苏卷)21.Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethat______2020BeijingOlympicGameswillbe______success.A./…aB.the…/C.the…aD.a…a答案：C[例12](辽宁卷)21.Christmasis_____specialholidaywhen_______wholefamilyaresupposedtogettogether.A.the,theB.a,aC.the,aD.a,the答案：D[例13](山东卷)21.______walkisexpectedtolastallday,sobring______packedlunch.A.A;aB.The;不填C.The;aD.A;不填答案：C【模拟试题】（答题时间：65分钟）一、单选题1.Johnspenttoomuchtimetalkingon____phonewhilewewereallbusyat____work.A.the;/B.a;/C./;/D.the;the 2.Youcanhave____secondtryifyoufail____firsttime.A.the;/B./;aC.the;aD.a;the3.Ididn’ttellhim____newsatoncebecauseIwantedtogivehim____surprise.A.a;aB.the;theC.the;aD./;the4.——WhoisyourEnglishteacher?——Mr.White,____Europeanworkingin____NanjingUniversity.A.an;theB.a;theC.an;/D.a;/5.Whenwestudyaglobe,wecansee____isthelargestoceanand____thelargestcontinent.A.thePacific;AsiaB.Pacific;theAsiaC.thePacific;theAsiaD.Pacific;Asia6.Thesoldierwaswoundedin____,buthecaughttheenemyofficerby____.A.theknee;thearmB.hisknee;hisarmC.hisknee;thearmD.theknee;hisarm7.Accordingtotherecentreports,oneoftherareanimals,____crocodile,isin____dangerofdyingout.A.the;theB.the;/C./;/D./;the8.Idon’tknowwhoinvented____telescope,butIthinkitis____mostusefulinvention.A.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a9.Thingsof____kindcometogether;peopleofamindfallinto____samegroup.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.the;a10.Wemustpayspecialattentiontotheidiomsof____Englishlanguage.A.theB.someC.anD./ 11.MybrotherandIwantedtoseethenewplay,butweweren’tabletogettheticketsfor____twoofus.A./B.theC.amongD.between12.——Tinalooksespeciallyprettytonight.——Yes,shealwayslooksherbestin____ofthatcolor.A.dressB.adressC.thatdressD.thedress13.WeelectedTom____monitorofourclassfor____secondtime.A./;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a14.Child,don’tworrytoomuchabout___mistakes.They’re___naturalpartoflearningsomething.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;a15.——Where’sKate?——Isupposeshe’sstillin____bed,butshemightjustbein____dining-room.A./;theB./;/C.the;/D.the;the16.Judgingfrom____numberofcars,only____smallnumberofpeoplehavecometotheconference.A.a;theB.a;aC.the;theD.the;a17.——WhatwasMaryonce?——Shewas____professorofmedicinebeforesheturned____writer.A.a;theB.a;/C.the;/D.the;the18.——Iheartheworkersinhisfactoryarepaidby____week.——Correct,andmostofthemgetabout400yuan____week.A.the;aB.a;theC./;aD.the;/19.Couldyoudome____favortoturnonthelight?A.aB.theC./D.some 20.Shearrivedhereby____wayofHongKong.In____wayherhealthismuchimproved,butshestilldoesn’tfeelwell.A./;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the21.Irememberthewriterlivesin____west,soweshouldhead____west.A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/22.Youhavemissed____“n”inyourspellingof____word“government”.A.an;aB.an;theC.a;theD.the;/23.Aliceisfondofplaying____pianowhileHerryisinterestedinlisteningto_____music.A./,the　　　　B./,/　C.the,/　D.the,the24.Beyond_____stars,theastronautsawnothingbut_______space.A.the,/　B./,the　C./,/　D.the,the　25.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented_____telephonein1876.A./　B.a　C.the　D.one26.Hesawthroughthelittleboy’stricks______.A.atglanceB.attheglanceC.atsomeglanceD.ataglance27.Manypeoplearestillin_______habitofwritingsillythingsin______publicplaces.A.the,the　B./,/　C.the,/　D./,the　28.Sheis____newcomerto____chemistry,butshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.A.the,the　　B.the,/　C.a,/　D.a, the　29.——I’dlike____informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.——Well,youcouldhave____wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.A.some,a　　　　B.an,some　C.some,some　　D.an,a　30.Manypeopleagreethat_____knowledgeofEnglishisamustin_____internationaltradetoday.A.a;不填B.the;anC.the;theD.不填;the二、单词拼写根据所给句子意思以及汉语或首字母提示，写出下列各句中所缺单词的正确形式。31.Shehadacquiredmuch_________(智慧)duringherlonglife.32.Wealllikehimthoughheisapersonwithmanys_____________.33.Ifyoucanovercomeyourp___________,you’llsucceedhere.34.Aneclipseofthemoon(月蚀)isararep____________.35.Hewas________(征召入伍)intothearmylastyear.36.Theorganizationd___________foodandblanketstotheearthquakevictims.37.WhenIwasillIcompletelylostmy__________(食欲、胃口).38.Thecompanyhas___________(谈判、洽谈、协商)anewcontractwiththemanagement.39.Ihavereadyourproposalandgivensomeserioust__________toit.40.Thereport________(矛盾)whatweheardyesterday.三、阅读理解 Manyteenagersfeelthatthemostimportantpeopleintheirlivesaretheirfriends.Theybelievethattheirfamilymembers,especiallytheirparents,don’tknowthemaswellastheirfriendsdo.Inlargefamilies,itisoftenforbrothersandsisterstofightwitheachotherandthentheycanonlygototheirfriendsforadvice.Itisveryimportantforteenagerstohaveonegoodfriendormanyfriends.Evenwhentheyarenotwiththeirfriends,theyusuallyspendalotoftimetalkingamongthemselvesonthephone.Thiscommunicationisveryimportantinchildren’sgrowingup,becausefriendscandiscusssomethingdifficulttosaytotheirfamilymembers.However,parentsoftentrytochoosefriendsfortheirchildren.Someparentsmayevenstoptheirchildrenfrommeetingtheirgoodfriends.Thequestionof“choice”isaninterestingone.Haveyoueverthoughtofthefollowingquestions?Whochoosesyourfriends?Doyouchooseyourfriendsoryourfriendschooseyou?Haveyougotagoodfriendyourparentsdon’tlike?41.Manyteenagersthinktheir_________knowthembetterthantheirparentsdo.A.friendsB.teachersC.brothersandsistersD.classmates42.Whenteenagersstayalone,theusualwayofcommunicationisto_________.A.gototheirfriendsB.talkwiththeirparentsC.haveadiscussionwiththeirfamilyD.talkwiththeirfriendsonthephone43.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUE?A.Teenagerscanonlygototheirfriendsforhelp. B.Parentsshouldlikeeverythingtheirchildrenenjoy.C.Inallfamilies,childrencanchooseeverythingtheylike.D.Parentsshouldtrytheirbesttounderstandtheirchildrenbetter.44.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_________.A.TeenagersneedgoodfriendsB.FriendscangivegoodadviceC.ParentsoftenchoosefriendsfortheirchildrenD.Goodfriendscancommunicatewitheachother 试题答案一、单选题1-10ADCDAABBBA11-20BBADADBAAA21-30BBCACDCCAA二、单词拼写31.wisdom32.shortcomings33.prejudice34.phenomenon35.drafted36.distributed37.appetite38.negotiated39.thought40.contradicted三、阅读理解41-44ADDA