高中英语语法复习五：强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语全国通用 13页

语法复习五：强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语一、强调句（一）强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。e.g.ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。e.g.WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？e.g.Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?4、强调句例句：针对ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：ItwasIthat(who)metLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.强调宾语：ItwasLiMingthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday.强调地点状语：ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday.强调时间状语：ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwaystation.5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that,who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that,who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用Itwas…，其余的时态用Itis…。（二）not…until…句型的强调句1、句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分 e.g.普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.强调句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till,until可通用；因为句型中Itis/wasnot…已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。（三）谓语动词的强调1、Itis/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。e.g.Dositdown.务必请坐。Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他确实给你写了信。Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！2、注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。二、It的用法（一）作人称代词1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。e.g.Youcannoteatyourcakebuthaveit.（it代替前面的cake）Althoughwecannotseeit,thereisairallaroundus.（it代替后面的air）Theysayhehaslefttown,butIdon’tbelieveit.（it代替前面They…town分句中的情况）2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。e.g.Yesterdaywesawabigtree.Itwasfullytwentymetreshigh.（it代替前面的tree）Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.（it代替前面的baby）3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。e.g.----Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Peter.----Whoisit? ----It’sme.----Whoaresinging?----Itisthechildren.----Thelightisstilloninthelab.Itmustbethethird-yearstudentsdoingtheexperiment.4、it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。e.g.----Doyoustillhavethebicycle?----No,Ihavesoldit.----Isthisknifeyours?----No.ItisXiaoZhang’s.Mineistheoneonthedesk.5、it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。e.g.TheclimateofSouthChinaismild（温和的）;Ilikeitverymuch.（it指theclimateofSouthChina）TheclimateofSouthChinaismuchbetterthanthatofJapan.（that指theclimate）（二）作无人称代词it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。Itisfine(rainy,windy,etc.).Itisnoon.Itisahalfhour’swalktothefactory.Itiseighteensquaremetresinarea.Whatdoesitmatter?（三）作强调词，构成强调结构用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。“Itis(was)+所强调的成分+that(who)+ 其它成分。”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。详见“一、强调句”。（四）引导词it作形式主语（宾语）为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。e.g.Ittakeshalfanhourtogothereonfoot.（It与togothereonfoot之间夹有takeshalfanhour四个词）WethoughtitstrangethatMrSmithdidnotcomelastnight.（it与that从句中间夹有strange）但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。e.g.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.（因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句）练习一、强调句、It的用法1.Mybikeismissing.Ican’tfind____anywhere.A.oneB.onesC.itD.that2.----Who’sthat?----____ProfessorLi.A.That’sB.It’sC.He’sD.This’s3.____wasJanethatIsawinthelibrarythismorning.A.ItB.HeC.SheD.That4.----Haveyoueverseenawhalealive?----Yes,I’veseen____.A.thatB.itC.suchD.one5.Thecolorofmycoatisdifferentfrom____ofyours.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one6.____willdoyougoodtodosomeexerciseeverymorning.A.ItB.ThereC.ThoseD.You7.Wethink____ourdutytopaytaxestoourgovernment. A.thatB.thisC.itsD.it8.TheclimateofShanghaiisbetterthan____ofNanjing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.what9.____fouryearssinceIjoinedtheArmy.A.TherewasB.ThereisC.ItwasD.Itis10.Howlong____tofinishthework?A.you’lltakeB.you’lltakeitC.willittakeyouD.willtakeyou11.ItwasthroughXiaoLi____IgottoknowXiaoWang.A.whoB.whomC.howD.that12.Itwasinthericefields____wehadourleaguemeeting.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.onwhich13.ItwasonOctober1st____newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.that14.Wasitbecausehewasill____heaskedforleave?A.andB.thatC.that’sD.so15.Maryspeaksinalowvoice;____isdifficulttoknowwhatsheissaying.A.itB.thatC.soD.she16.Itwas____ImetMrGreeninShanghai.A.manyyearsthatB.manyyearsbeforeC.manyyearsagothatD.manyyearswhen17.____isnoteverybody____candrawsowell.A.It,allB.It,thatC.There,whoD.There,that18.So____thatnofishcanliveinit.A.shallowisthelakeB.thelakeisshallowC.shallowthelakeisD.isthelakeshallow 三、省略为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：（一）简单句中的省略1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。e.g.(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.（括号内为省略的词语,下同）(I)seeyoutomorrow.(It)Doesn’tmatter.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。e.g.(Thereis)Nosmoking.(Isthere)Anythingwrong?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。e.g.----Areyougoingthere?----I’dliketo(gothere).Hedidnotgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(givemethechance).注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。e.g.----Areyouanengineer?----No,butIwanttobe.----Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.----Well,heoughttohave.4、省略表语。e.g.----Areyouthirsty?----Yes,Iam(thirsty).5、同时省略几个成分。e.g.Let’smeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.----Haveyoufinishedyourwork?----(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet. （二）并列句中的省略两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。e.g.Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.（三）主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g.(I’m)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.(Itisa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。e.g.----Ishecomingbacktonight?----Ithinkso.----Ishefeelingbettertoday?----I’mafraidnot.这种用法常见的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso及Isupposenot.Ibelievednot.Ihopenot等。（但Idon’tthinkso比Ithinknot更常用）。（四）其它省略1、连词that的省略：①、宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况（参看“名词性从句”等有关部分）。②、在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略。③、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。2、不定式符号to的省略①、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。e.g.Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment. ②、某些使役动词（如let,make,have）及感官动词（如see,watch,notice,hear,feel,lookat和listento等）后面作宾语补足的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中须把to复原。e.g.----Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.----Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.③、介词but前若有动词do，后面的不定式不带to。e.g.Theboydidnothingbutplay.3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分。（参看“状语从句”有关部分）4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化（参见“倒装句”有关部分）5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。e.g.Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).四、插入语英语句子中（尤其在口语中）常插入一些单词、短语或者句子，用来补充某些含义。语法上称他们为“插入语”。（一）插入语的类型：1、单词（多是副词），如：besides,however,otherwise,therefore,though等。e.g.Sheislookingfit,though.他看起来倒是健康。Ican,however,discussthiswhenIseeyou.2、短语e.g.ChinaandIndia,forexample,areneighbours.Bytheway,whereareyoufrom?3、句子e.g.Heisanhonestman,Ibelieve.Jack,asfarasIknow,isn’tclever. （二）插入语的位置通常插入语位于句中，并用逗号隔开。但有时，也可位于句首或句末（见上面例句）。也有时，并不用逗号隔开。e.g.YouknowthatIthinkyouarewrong.我认为，你明白你错了。Whatonearthdoyoumean?你究竟是什么意思？（三）插入语在句中的作用一般来说，插入语在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入语抽去，句子的含义不大受影响。但是，有的插入语却是句子不可缺少的一部分。e.g.Hegotthenewsfromnobodyknowswhere.他这消息谁也不知道是从哪儿得来的。（四）插入语的特殊用法下面这种复杂的特殊疑问句，也可认为包含有“插入语”。这种疑问句（有的语法书也称为“混合疑问句”或“连锁疑问句”）常用来征询对方对某一疑问点的看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求对方重复一遍说过的话。口语中出现频率极高。常用动词有say,suppose,guess,believe,consider,think,imagine等。e.g.Howlongdidyousayshewouldstayhere?Whendoyousupposethey’llbeback?Howolddidyouthinkshewas（五）大纲中要求掌握的常用作插入语的词语bytheway顺便说，顺便问一下；sofar到目前为止；andsoon等等；onthecontrary相反；nowonder不足为奇；asamatteroffact事实上；comealong快点，来吧；inotherwords换句话说；asusual如同以往；asaresult因此，结果。练习二、省略和插入语1.----Won’tyouhaveanothertry?----____. A.Yes,IwillB.Yes,Iwon’tC.Yes,IwillhaveD.Yes,Iwon’thave2.----Iwon’tdoitanymore.----____?A.Whydon’tB.Whydon’tdoitanymoreC.WhynotD.Whynotdo3.----Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?----____.A.No,Idon’tthinkB.Idon’tthinkC.No,Idon’tsoD.Idon’tthinkso4.----Willhefailintheexam?----____.A.Don’thopetoB.Let’shopenotC.NothopesoD.Let’shopenotto5.____usual,Ihaveforgottensomething.A.AsB.AsitisC.It’sD.Thatis6.____sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.A.IfB.UnlessC.WasD.Were7.____Ihadtime,Iwouldhaveplayeditagain.A.IfB.UnlessC.HadD.When8.____itraintomorrow,I’dstayathome.A.ShouldB.WouldC.WhenD.If9.Ilikesportsand____mybrother.A.soB.sodoesC.soisD.solikes10.Francis,____borninKentucky,livedandpractisedlawinMissouri.A.wasB.HewasC.whoisD.although11.----Aren’tyouthemanager? ----No,andI____.A.don’twantB.don’twanttoC.don’twanttobeD.don’t12.----Haveyoufedthedog?----No,but____.A.IamB.I’mjustgoingtoC.I’mD.I’mjustgoing13.Yourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard（标准）____,youfailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime14.Howlong____shewouldstayhere?A.didshesayB.shesaidC.didD./15.____coulddosuchthing?A.WhomdoyouthinkB.WhodoyouthinkC.DoyouthinkwhomD.Didyouthinkwho练习三、综合训练1.Johnwasill.Haveyouheardabout____?A.thisB.heC.itD.theone2.Hurryup!____gettingdarkeranddarker.A.TheskyisB.It’sC.WeatherisD.Timeis3.It’sthethirdtime____Ihavebeenhere.A.thatB.whenC.afterD.who4.Itwassimplyforthatreason____Iwouldn’ttellhimthetruth.A.whyB.whichC.soD.that5.Wasitintheplace____thelastemperordied?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.inwhich6.____isnodifferencebetweenAandB.A.ItB.WhereC.ThereD.What7.It____MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago. A.wasB.wereC.areD.hadbeen8.Hesaid,“____alongwaytoschool.____alongwaytogoyetbeforewearrive.”A.Itis,ItisB.Thereis,ThereisC.Thereis,ItisD.Itis,Thereis9.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich10.IfyougotoXi’an,you’llfindthepalacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly____.A.supposingB.supposeC.tosupposeD.supposed11.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It12.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when13.Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since14.----Doyoumindmytakingthisseat?----____.A.Yes,sitdownpleaseB.No,ofcoursenotC.Yes,takeitpleaseD.No,youcan’ttakeit15.----I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall.____.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappyto16.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismother toldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto17.Itwasnotuntilshecametoseeus____hermotherwasillinbed.A.whenweknewB.thatdidweknewC.thatweknewD.thatdidweknow18.----Thisstorehassuchhighprices.----Iagree.Neveragain____here.A.IwillshopB.willIshopC.IdoshopD.shopI19.____,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.A.IfheweretostudyB.IfhestudiedhardC.HadhestudiedhardD.Shouldhestudyhard20.----Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.----____,and____.A.Sohehas,sohaveyouB.Sohehas,soyouhaveC.Sohashe,sohaveyouD.Sohashe,soyouhave21.Nosooner____theyrushedoutintothestreet.A.didtheyhearthenewsthanB.didtheyhearthenewswhenC.hadtheyheardthenewsthanD.hadtheyheardthenewswhen22.Hewasunabletomakesuchprogress,____.A.hardashetriedB.ashardhetriedC.hardhehastriedD.triedhardashe23.____washiskindnessthateveryonepraisedhim.A.ItB.WhatC.SoD.Such语法复习五：强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语答案练习一、1~5CBADB6~10ADADC11~15DBDBA16~18CBA练习二、1~5ACDBA6~10DCABD11~15CBCAB练习三、1~5CBADB6~10CADAD11~15DACBD16~23ACBCACAD