小学英语语法知识点汇总知识讲解 11页

小学英语语法知识点汇总1.人称代词主格：Iweyousheheitthey宾格：meusyouherhimitthem形容词性物主代词：myouryourherhisitstheir名词性物主代词：mineoursyourshershisitstheirs2.形容词和副词的比较(1)一般在形容词或副词后+erolder,taller,longer,stronger(2)多音节词前+moremoreinteresting,etc.(3)双写最后一个字母，再+erbiggerfatter,etc.(4)把y变i，再+erheavier,earlier(5)不规则变化：well-better,much/many-more,etc. 3.可数词的复数形式Mostnouns+sabook–booksNounsendinginaconsonant+y-y+iesastory—storiesNounsendingins,sh,chorx+esaglass—glassesawatch-watchesNounsendingino+sor+esapiano—pianosamango—mangoesNounsendinginforfe-forfe+vesaknife–knivesashelf-shelves4.不可数名词（单复数不变）bread,rice,water,juice等。5.缩略形式I’m=Ia，you’re=youare，she’s=sheis，he’s=heisit’s=itis，who’s=whois，can’t=cannot，isn’t=isnot等。6.a/anabook,apeachanegg，anhour7.Preposition on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind.表示时间：atsixo’clock,atChristmas,atbreakfastonMonday，on15thJuly，OnNationalDayintheevening，inDecember，inwinter8.基数词和序数词one–first，two-second，twenty-twentieth9.some/anyIhavesometoysinmybedroom.Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?10.be动词(1)Basicform:am/are/is(2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Myeyesare(not)small.Myhairis(not)long.(3)一般疑问句：AmIaChniese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t. Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.11.therebe结构肯定句：Thereisa⋯Thereare⋯一般疑问句:Isthere⋯?Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.Arethere⋯?Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.否定句：Thereisn’t⋯.Therearen’t⋯.12.祈使句SitdownpleaseDon’tsitdown,please.13.现在进行时通常用“now”.形式：be+verb+ingeg:Iam(not)doingmyhomework.You/We/Theyare(not)reading.He/She/Itis(not)eating. 动词—ing的形式Mostverbs+ingwalk—walkingVerbsendingine-e+ingcome—comingShortverbsendinginavowel+aconsonantrun–runningswim—swimming14.一般现在时通常用“usually,often,everyday,sometimes”。肯定句：Igotoschoolonfooteveryday.Shegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.一般疑问句:Doyoujumphigh?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.Doeshejumphigh?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.否定句：Wedon’tgotoschoolonSundays.Mymotherdoesn’tlikewatchingTVintheevening.15.情态动词can,must,should后面直接用动词原形。 eg:1.I/He/She/Theycansing.2．Youshouldkeepquietinthelibrary.16.一般过去时态（a）be动词的过去式:I/He/she/itwas(not)⋯.You/we/theywere⋯.一般疑问句was,were放在句首。（b）动词过去式：肯定句：Iwatchedcartoons.Shevisitedthezoo.一般疑问句：Didyoureadbooklastnight?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.Didshecleanthedeskjustnow?Yes,shedid.No,shedidn’t.否定句：Theydidn’tgothethepartyesterday.Hedidn’tmakemodelshipslastweek.(3)动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：Mostverbs+edeg.planted,watered,climbed。 Verbsendingine+degliked。Verbsendinginaconsonant+y--y+iedeg:study—studiedShortverbsendinginavowel+aconsonanteg:stop--stopped不规则动词的变化：is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew,eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank等等17.Wh-"questions"Whatareyoudoing?Whatcolourisit?Whattimeisit?/What’sthetime?Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?Who’sthemanwithabignose?Whosebagisit?Whenisyourbirthday?Whereismyballpen?Whydoyoulikesummer? Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?Howoldistheyoungman?Howmuchisthetoybear?Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?1、一般现在时A、表示不受时限的客观存在如：Heisaboy.Sheisastudent.Mymotherisanurse.Thisisadog.Ihaveabook.B、表示现在的习惯动作，即指现在经常发生的动作，一般现在时常用来表示现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性。它常与表示程度或频度的词连用，如：often（经常）,usually（通常，一般）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是，一直）,never（从不）如：Ioftengotoschoolonfoot.Myfatherworksinaschool.MikewatchesTVeveryday.Iusuallyplaycomputergamesontheweekend. C、表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作.如：Howareyou?Youlookhappy.What’sthematterwithyou?Ihaveaheadache.Whatdoyouhaveforlunch?Ihavesomechicken.☆注意☆英语动词的现在时与原形同形。但当主语是第三人称单数时，须在词尾加s或-es。例如：Ihaveafishfordinner.Hermotherworksinahospital.Amyoftengoestoschoolbybike.Mr.LiuteachesusEnglish.加-es的动词必须是以“sh,ch,o”等字母结尾的。如：watches,teaches,goes,washes2、一般将来时表示在将来会发生的事或动作。它常与表示将来的时间连用，如：tomorrow,nextweek,nextyear,thismorning,thisafternoon,thisevening等☆注意☆一般将来时小学阶段主要学了两种结构：①begoingto+动词的原形/地点②will+动词的原形例句：I’mgoingtogoshoppingthisafternoon.SheisgoingtoHongKongnextweek.Youwillseemanybirdsinthesky.3、现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。 ☆注意☆它的构成是：be的现在时形式（am,is,are）加动词的ing形式。如：Whatareyoudoing?I’mwritingaletter.Whataretheydoing?They’reswimming.Isheplayingchess?Yes,heis.Look,AmyisreadinganEnglishbook.☆注意☆动词的ing形式的构成规则：☆①一般的直接在后面加上ing,如doing,going,working,singing,eating②以e结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing，如having,writing③双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有：running,swimming,sitting,getting４、一般过去时主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态，也可表示过去的习惯动作。它与现在时间不发生关系，它表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。它经常与表示过去的时间连用。如：Iwenttoaparkyesterday.Ireadabooklastnight.IwatchedTVyesterdayevening.Iwentonabigtriplastweekend.IfailedmyChinesetest.☆注意☆一般过去时主要体现在动词的形式要用过去式，动词的过去式的构成规则有： Ａ、规则动词①一般直接在动词的后面加ed；如worked,learned,cleaned,visited②以e结尾的动词直接加d；如lived,danced,used③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed（此类动词较少）如study–studiedcarry–carriedworry–worried（play、stay除外）④双写最后一个字母（此类动词较少）如stoppedＢ、不规则动词（此类词并无规则，须熟记）小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing–sang,eat–ate,see–saw,have–had,do–did,go–went,take–took,get–got,read–read,am/is–was,are–were,say–said,tell–told,come–came,drink–drank